scholarly journals An SDR-Based Experimental Study of Reliable and Low-Latency Ethernet-Based Fronthaul with MAC-PHY Split

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Ghizlane Mountaser ◽  
Toktam Mahmoodi
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Channel Coding ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Efficient Solutions ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Cloud Ran

Cloud-Radio Access Network (RAN) is one of the architectural solutions for those mobile networks that aim to provide an infrastructure that satisfies the communication needs of a wide range of services and deployments. In Cloud-RAN, functions can be flexibly split between central and distributed units, which enables the use of different types of transport network. Ethernet-based fronthaul can be an attractive solution for Cloud-RAN. On the one hand, the deployment of Ethernet-based fronthaul enables Cloud-RAN to provide more diverse, flexible and cost-efficient solutions. On the other hand, Ethernet-based fronthaul requires packetized communication, which imposes challenges to delivering stringent latency requirements between RAN functionalities. In this paper, we set up a hardware experiment based on Cloud-RAN with a low layer split, particularly between medium access control and the physical layer. The aim is to demonstrate how multi-path and channel coding over the fronthaul can improve fronthaul reliability while ensuring that: (i) latency results meet the standard requirements; and (ii) the overall system operates properly. Our results show that the proposed solution can improve fronthaul reliability while latency remains below a strict latency bound required by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project for this functional split.

scholarly journals Fronthaul for Cloud-RAN Enabling Network Slicing in 5G Mobile Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Line M. P. Larsen ◽  
Michael S. Berger ◽  
Henrik L. Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Network Virtualization ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Network Slicing ◽  
Cloud Radio Access Network ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Cloud Ran ◽  
5G Mobile Networks

This work considers how network slicing can use the network architecture Cloud-Radio Access Network (C-RAN) as an enabler for the required prerequisite network virtualization. Specifically this work looks at a segment of the C-RAN architecture called the fronthaul network. The fronthaul network required for network slicing needs to be able to dynamically assign capacity where it is needed. Deploying a fronthaul network faces a trade-off between fronthaul bitrate, flexibility, and complexity of the local equipment close to the user. This work relates the challenges currently faced in C-RAN research to the network requirements in network slicing. It also shows how using a packet-switched fronthaul for network slicing will bring great advantages and enable the use of different functional splits, while the price to pay is a minor decrease in fronthaul length due to latency constraints.

scholarly journals SDR Enabled C-RAN Implementation using OpenAirInterface

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akeem Olapade Mufutau ◽  
Fernando Pedro Guiomar ◽  
Arnaldo Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Pereira Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Cellular Network ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Radio Access Network ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Continuous Dynamic ◽  
Cloud Ran

Abstract Towards enabling 5G radio access technologies and beyond to meet the requirements for continuous dynamic and diverse services, flexibility and scalability of the cellular network are therefore pertinent. The utilization of software-defined radio (SDR) aided with an open-source platform and virtualization techniques are increasingly exposing the realization of desirable flexibility for radio access network (RAN) while enabling the development of a prototype which can be directed at fostering further mobile network research activities. In this paper, we review OpenAirInterface (OAI) implementation and present an OAI based cloud RAN (C-RAN) testbed with which mobile fronthaul (MFH) solutions can be tested.

scholarly journals On Analyzing Beamforming Implementation in O-RAN 5G

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 2162
Author(s):  
Mustafa Mohsin ◽  
Jordi Mongay Mongay Batalla ◽  
Evangelos Pallis ◽  
George Mastorakis ◽  
Evangelos K. Markakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Zero Forcing ◽  
Radio Access Network ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Communication Environment ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Channel Information ◽  
Precoding Vector

The open radio access network (O-RAN) concept is changing the landscape of mobile networks (5G deployment and 6G research). O-RAN Alliance’s suggestions that O-RAN can offer openness and intelligence to the traditional RAN vendors will enable the capability for multi-vendors to re-shape the RAN structure and optimize the network. This paper positions the main research challenges of the O-RAN approach in regards= to the implementation of beamforming. We investigate the O-RAN architecture and the configurations of the interfaces between O-RAN units and present the split options between the radio and distributing units in terms of O-RAN specification and 3GPP standards. From this point, we discuss the beamforming methods in O-RAN, addressing challenges and potential solutions, and suggest the introduction of the zero-forcing equalizer as a precoding vector in the channel-information-based beamforming method. This may be one of the solutions for achieving flexibility in a high-traffic communication environment while reducing the radio unit interferences caused by implanting the precoding in the open radio unit.

scholarly journals Slicing the Core Network and Radio Access Network Domains through Intent-Based Networking for 5G Networks

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1710
Author(s):  
Khizar Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Afaq ◽  
Talha Ahmed Khan ◽  
Adeel Rafiq ◽  
Wang-Cheol Song
Keyword(s):  
Network Virtualization ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Network Slicing ◽  
Radio Access Network ◽  
The Core ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physical Infrastructure

The fifth-generation mobile network presents a wide range of services which have different requirements in terms of performance, bandwidth, reliability, and latency. The legacy networks are not capable to handle these diverse services with the same physical infrastructure. In this way, network virtualization presents a reliable solution named network slicing that supports service heterogeneity and provides differentiated resources to each service. Network slicing enables network operators to create multiple logical networks over a common physical infrastructure. In this research article, we have designed and implemented an intent-based network slicing system that can slice and manage the core network and radio access network (RAN) resources efficiently. It is an automated system, where users just need to provide higher-level network configurations in the form of intents/contracts for a network slice, and in return, our system deploys and configures the requested resources accordingly. Further, our system grants the automation of the network configurations process and reduces the manual effort. It has an intent-based networking (IBN) tool which can control, manage, and monitor the network slice resources properly. Moreover, a deep learning model, the generative adversarial neural network (GAN), has been used for the management of network resources. Several tests have been carried out with our system by creating three slices, which shows better performance in terms of bandwidth and latency.

scholarly journals Development Communication Programs and Communications Security Capability by Improving the Cellular Networks Radio Layer

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sura Khalil Ibrahim ◽  
Zainab Taha Jebur
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Mobile Security ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Development Communication ◽  
Mobile Terminals ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
20Th Anniversary ◽  
Communication Programs

The GSM is celebrating its 20th anniversary this year. The number of GSM users is estimated at 80% of the world's population, or a total of five billion in over 200 countries. The advent of mobile terminals and the proliferation of their uses (including in sectors where they are used for communicating between machines) ensure compliance with robust security requirements. The topic of mobile security is vast as it includes radio access, network infrastructure, terminals, as well as the applications running on it. This article focuses on the first two themes. Since 2002, different independent projects have elicited interest in the security principles that were implemented in second and third generation mobile telephony networks. This presentation provides an overview of the objectives and concomitant impacts of these projects on the overall security of mobile networks. In addition to mentioning principles of security, the paper also identifies the challenges associated with geolocation.

A Scalable and Flexible Radio Access Network Architecture for Fifth Generation Mobile Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Maeder ◽  
Amaanat Ali ◽  
Anand Bedekar ◽  
Andrea F. Cattoni ◽  
Devaki Chandramouli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Radio Access Network ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Flexible Radio

scholarly journals How Trend of Increasing Data Volume Affects the Energy Efficiency of 5G Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Josip Lorincz ◽  
Zonimir Klarin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Density Class ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
The Impact

As the rapid growth of mobile users and Internet-of-Everything devices will continue in the upcoming decade, more and more network capacity will be needed to accommodate such a constant increase in data volumes (DVs). To satisfy such a vast DV increase, the implementation of the fifth-generation (5G) and future sixth-generation (6G) mobile networks will be based on heterogeneous networks (HetNets) composed of macro base stations (BSs) dedicated to ensuring basic signal coverage and capacity, and small BSs dedicated to satisfying capacity for increased DVs at locations of traffic hotspots. An approach that can accommodate constantly increasing DVs is based on adding additional capacity in the network through the deployment of new BSs as DV increases. Such an approach represents an implementation challenge to mobile network operators (MNOs), which is reflected in the increased power consumption of the radio access part of the mobile network and degradation of network energy efficiency (EE). In this study, the impact of the expected increase of DVs through the 2020s on the EE of the 5G radio access network (RAN) was analyzed by using standardized data and coverage EE metrics. An analysis was performed for five different macro and small 5G BS implementation and operation scenarios and for rural, urban, dense-urban and indoor-hotspot device density classes (areas). The results of analyses reveal a strong influence of increasing DV trends on standardized data and coverage EE metrics of 5G HetNets. For every device density class characterized with increased DVs, we here elaborate on the process of achieving the best and worse combination of data and coverage EE metrics for each of the analyzed 5G BSs deployment and operation approaches. This elaboration is further extended on the analyses of the impact of 5G RAN instant power consumption and 5G RAN yearly energy consumption on values of standardized EE metrics. The presented analyses can serve as a reference in the selection of the most appropriate 5G BS deployment and operation approach, which will simultaneously ensure the transfer of permanently increasing DVs in a specific device density class and the highest possible levels of data and coverage EE metrics.

scholarly journals Secure Mobile IPv6 for Mobile Networks based on the 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Domenico Celentano ◽  
Antonio Fresa ◽  
Maurizio Longo ◽  
Fabio Postiglione ◽  
Anton Luca Robustelli
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Mobile Ipv6 ◽  
Ip Multimedia Subsystem ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
New Radio ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Key Issues

The rapid spread of new radio access technologies and the consequent service opportunities have stimulated thetechnical and scientific community to investigate future evolution scenarios for 3rd Generation networks (3G), generically referred to as Beyond-3G or 4G. They are going to be characterized by ever stronger requirements for security, as well as the capability for the final users to experience continuous connectivity and uninterrupted services of IP applications as they move about from one access network to another. Key issues are: i) securityprovision for applications exchanging data in diverse wireless networks; ii) seamless mobility (handoff) between different coverage domains and, in case, access technologies. Since many proposals are based on the use of the Mobile IPv6 protocol, in this paper we analyze the security threats emerging from some Mobile IPv6 mechanisms for mobility management, and we propose a solution against such threats, under the assumption that both end users (mobile or not) are attached to a Mobile IPv6-enabled 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem network.

scholarly journals A Cloud RAN Architecture for LoRa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Delacourt ◽  
Patrick Savelli ◽  
Vincent Savaux
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Access Network ◽  
The Other ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Cloud Radio Access Network ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Analog To Digital Conversion ◽  
Analog Part ◽  
Network Functions ◽  
Cloud Ran

This paper deals with a cloud radio access network (CRAN)<br>architecture for the LoRa system. In the suggested design,<br>the gateway embeds a limited remote radio head (RRH),<br>including the analog radio-frequency (RF) analog part, the<br>digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital conversion, and a<br>digital front-end (DFE). The other LoRa network functions,<br>including the physical (PHY) layer, the LoRaWAN medium<br>access control (MAC) layer, and the application and customer<br>servers are implemented as cloud resources. The<br>presented approach leads to a flexible RAN that is robust<br>to the variations of capacity needs. Furthermore, it allows<br>us to test very specific LoRa features, such as the detection<br>or demodulation, while bypassing the other ones including<br>the hardware RRH. The methodology and tools we<br>used to deploy a LoRa cloud RAN are detailed, and results<br>concerning the performance indicator (CPU load, memory<br>consumption) are provided as well.

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