scholarly journals Blockchain Technology for Intelligent Environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyros Voulgaris ◽  
Nikos Fotiou ◽  
Vasilios A. Siris ◽  
George C. Polyzos ◽  
Mikael Jaatinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Intelligent Environments ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In the last few years, we have been witnessing the convergence of the physical with the digital world. The Internet of Things (IoT) is progressing at a fast pace, and IoT devices are becoming pervasive in our physical environments, bringing the vision of Intelligent Environments closer to reality. At the same time, the newly-introduced blockchain technology is offering for the first time ever cryptographically proven trust based on a set of mutually untrusted nodes. Blockchain technology thus has the potential to become a key component of many IoT systems, offering them an unprecedented level of accountability, transparency, and reliability. This paper first lays out the principles on which blockchain systems are operating, along with descriptions of the most noteworthy blockchain implementations. It then presents a number of systems through which blockchains may interact with external systems and third-party data sources. Finally, it provides a survey of the state-of-the-art blockchain-based systems targeting IoT applications.

scholarly journals Towards Convergence of IoT and Blockchain for Secure Supply Chain Transaction

Symmetry ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
A S M Touhidul Hasan ◽  
Shabnam Sabah ◽  
Rakib Ul Haque ◽  
Apubra Daria ◽  
Abdur Rasool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Scalability Analysis ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Effective Product ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Supply chain management (SCM) is essential for a company’s faster, efficient, and effective product life cycle. However, the current SCM systems are insufficient to provide product legitimacy, transaction privacy, and security. Therefore, this research proposes a secure SCM system for the authenticity of the products based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technology. The IoT-enabled Quick Response (QR) scanner and the blockchain-integrated distributed system will allow all the SCM stakeholders to begin secure and private transactions for their products or services. Resulting, the consumer will receive an authentic and genuine product from the original producer. A lightweight asymmetric key encryption technique, i.e., elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) and Hyperledger Fabric-based blockchain technology with on-chain smart contracts are applied for distributed IoT devices to make the authentication process faster and lighter. Each SCM stakeholder is registered by the service provider and receives corresponding public and private keys, which will be used for the authentication process of the participants and IoT devices. The authenticated QR scanner records all transactions on the blockchain. Consequently, there will be no human intervention for the SCM transactions. The security and scalability analysis demonstrates that the proposed system is more secure and robust than other state-of-the-art techniques.

Tendencies of development of modern innovative technologies and the digital economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
S. M. Doguchaeva
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The era of digital transformation provides the opportunity for leading companies to change priorities - to begin to take care of the support environment using innovative technologies and become a leading creative platform open for innovation. The successful development of the digital world, the blockchain technology, the Internet of things – the mechanism which will change the financial world. 

scholarly journals A Research on impact of Blockchain in Healthcare

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S2) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Location Sharing ◽  
Authentication And Authorization ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Remote Patient ◽  
Education Science

Blockchain refers to a distributed ledger technology that represents an innovation in recording and sharing information without the need for a trusted third party. Blockchain technology offers new tools for security and privacy concerns. Marching towards digitization and analytics, this technology emerges as a promising solution for authentication and authorization issues. It sounds so amazing that this technology that originated with cryptocurrencies could not only be applied in digital contracts, financial and public records, and property ownership but also in medicine, education, science and so on. The use case of this technology springs up in every possible direction. This article first analyses the need for this breakthrough technology and explains how this technology works. This work presents a review on various types of blockchain, the consensus mechanisms used, their advantages and limitations. It provides an overview on the various use cases of this technology. This work mainly focuses on its application in Healthcare. The goal of this article is to analyze the usage of Blockchain technology in various fields of Healthcare such as Electronic Health Record, Health Insurance, Biomedical Research, Drug Supply, Medical Education, Remote Patient Monitoring, Interoperability, Location Sharing etc., It investigates the current research trends and finds the gaps and limitations of these approaches. Moreover, it proposes some enhancements to fill in the gaps in the present approach. This work also analyses the importance of Wearable Internet of Things (IoT) devices in HealthCare and the integration of these devices with Blockchain. Finally, this work concludes by comparing Blockchain 3.0 with previous versions.

scholarly journals Physical Unclonable Functions in the Internet of Things: State of the Art and Open Challenges

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 3208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Babaei ◽  
Gregor Schiele
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Physical Unclonable Functions ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Attacks on Internet of Things (IoT) devices are on the rise. Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are proposed as a robust and lightweight solution to secure IoT devices. The main advantage of a PUF compared to the current classical cryptographic solutions is its compatibility with IoT devices with limited computational resources. In this paper, we investigate the maturity of this technology and the challenges toward PUF utilization in IoT that still need to be addressed.

Knowledge-based systems for blockchain-based cognitive cloud computing model for security purposes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honglei Zhang ◽  
Zhenbo Zang ◽  
BalaAnand Muthu
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Cost Rate ◽  
Sensory Data ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Cognitive Information ◽  
Iot Devices

Today, artificial intelligence (AI) can use the most powerful edge computing systems in the Internet of Things (IoT) for finding the information extracted from vast sensory data such as cyber effects or models in physical environments for classification, identification, and prediction. Heterogeneous IoT devices produce isolated and dispersed information parts, and knowledge sharing and exchange in IoT intelligent applications with several selfish nodes are necessary for complex tasks. In both academia and business, IoT is driving a digital revolution. However, protection and IoT privacy problems are challenged. It offers comfort for everyday lives. Blockchain, a shared cryptographic database, is a promising IoT encryption solution for several manufacturing, finance, and trade sectors. The IoT-based blockchain architecture is an interesting contrast to the conventional, centralized paradigm that struggles to fulfill specific IoT requirements. New concepts for applying data and resources management protection procedures in distributed networks and cloud computing are introduced. Cloud management services can be linked to the application through blockchain technology and distributed leader, a stable cognitive information system that facilitates management operations and securing data. This document provides many ideas for applying personal and behavioral characteristics to security and cryptography protocols, blockchain based on the cognitive cloud computing (BC-CCC) pattern. The simulation result shows that the proposed strategy can significantly enhance data transmission rate (96.2%), security ratio (94.5%), throughput ratio (92.4%), scalability ratio (91.5%), trust rate (93.8%), data trading ratio (96.2%), and reduce storage cost rate (25.1%) compared to other existing methods.

A Reliable IDS System Using Blockchain for SDN-Enabled IIoT Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-194
Author(s):  
Ambika N.
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Group Development ◽  
Subspace Learning ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Learning Procedure ◽  
Industrial Iot ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The internet of things is the technology that aims to provide a common platform to the devices of varying capabilities to communicate. Industrial internet of things (IIoT) systems can perform better using these devices in combination with SDN network and blockchain technology. The suggestion uses random space learning (RSL) comprising three stages. The random subspace learning strategy is a troupe learning procedure called attributes bagging. It improves forecast and order errands as it utilizes group development of base classifiers rather than a solitary classifier, and it takes arbitrary subsets of properties rather than the whole arrangement of attributes. The system uses the blockchain methodology to secure the system. SDN networks aim to better the transmission of data in industrial IoT devices. Misrouting and forged attacks are some of the common attacks in these systems. The proposal provides better reliability than the previous contribution by 2.7%.

Current Trends in Integrating the Blockchain With Cloud-Based Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
Anchitaalagammai J. V. ◽  
Kavitha S. ◽  
Murali S. ◽  
Hemalatha P. R. ◽  
Subanachiar T.
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stable Growth ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Blockchains are shared, immutable ledgers for recording the history of transactions. They substitute a new generation of transactional applications that establish trust, accountability, and transparency. It enables contract partners to secure a deal without involving a trusted third party. The internet of things (IoT) is rapidly changing our society to a world where every “thing” is connected to the internet, making computing pervasive like never before. It is increasingly becoming a ubiquitous computing service, requiring huge volumes of data storage and processing. The stable growth of the internet of things (IoT) and the blockchain technology popularized by cryptocurrencies has led to efforts to change the centralized nature of the IoT. Adapting the blockchain technology for use in the IoT is one such efforts. This chapter focuses on blockchain-IoT research directions and to provide an overview of the importance of blockchain-based solutions for cloud data manipulation in IoT.

scholarly journals Scalable and Secure Internet of Things Connectivity

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye-Jin Choi ◽  
Hee-Jung Kang ◽  
Il-Gu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Multiple Objects ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
User Intervention

The Internet of things (IoT) technology, which is currently considered the new growth engine of the fourth industrial revolution, affects our daily life and has been applied to various industrial fields. Studies on overcoming the limitations of scalability and stability in a centralized IoT operating environment by employing distributed blockchain technology have been actively conducted. However, the nature of IoT that ensures connectivity with multiple objects at any time and any place increases security threats. Further, it extends the influence of the cyber world into the physical domain, resulting in serious damage to human life and property. Therefore, we aim to study a method to increase the security of IoT devices and effectively extend them simultaneously. To this end, we analyze the authentication methods and limitations of traditional IoT devices and examine cases for improving IoT environments by using blockchain technology. Accordingly, we propose a framework that allows IoT devices to be securely connected and extended to other devices by automatically evaluating security using blockchain technology and the whitelist. The method proposed in this paper restricts the extension of devices vulnerable to security risks by imposing penalties and allows only devices with high security to be securely and quickly authenticated and extended without user intervention. In this study, we applied the proposed method to IoT network simulation environments and observed that the number of devices vulnerable to security was reduced by 48.5% compared with traditional IoT environments.

A Lightweight Architecture for Hardware-Based Security in the Emerging Era of Systems of Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Nico Mexis ◽  
Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos ◽  
Shuai Chen ◽  
Jan Bambach ◽  
Tolga Arul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
System Of Systems ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Systems Of Systems ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Commercial Off The Shelf ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In recent years, a new generation of the Internet of Things (IoT 2.0) is emerging, based on artificial intelligence, the blockchain technology, machine learning, and the constant consolidation of pre-existing systems and subsystems into larger systems. In this work, we construct and examine a proof-of-concept prototype of such a system of systems, which consists of heterogeneous commercial off-the-shelf components, and utilises diverse communication protocols. We recognise the inherent need for lightweight security in this context, and address it by employing a low-cost state-of-the-art security solution. Our solution is based on a novel hardware and software co-engineering paradigm, utilising well-known software-based cryptographic algorithms, in order to maximise the security potential of the hardware security primitive (a Physical Unclonable Function) that is used as a security anchor. The performance of the proposed security solution is evaluated, proving its suitability even for real-time applications. Additionally, the Dolev-Yao attacker model is considered in order to assess the resilience of our solution towards attacks against the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the examined system of systems. In this way, it is confirmed that the proposed solution is able to address the emerging security challenges of the oncoming era of systems of systems.

scholarly journals Efficient Byzantine Consensus Mechanism Based on Reputation in IoT Blockchain

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Xu Yuan ◽  
Fang Luo ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan Haider ◽  
Zhikui Chen ◽  
Yucheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Consensus Algorithms ◽  
Heterogeneous Devices ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Critical Problems ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Reliability And Robustness ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Blockchain technology has advanced rapidly in recent years and is now widely used in a variety of fields. Blockchain appears to be one of the best solutions for managing massive heterogeneous devices while achieving advanced data security and data reputation, particularly in the field of large-scale IoT (Internet of Things) networks. Despite the numerous advantages, there are still challenges while deploying IoT applications on blockchain systems due to the limited storage, power, and computing capability of IoT devices, and some of these problems are caused by the consensus algorithm, which plays a significant role in blockchain systems by ensuring overall system reliability and robustness. Nonetheless, most existing consensus algorithms are prone to poor node reliability, low transaction per second (TPS) rates, and scalability issues. Aiming at some critical problems in the existing consensus algorithms, this paper proposes the Efficient Byzantine Reputation-based Consensus (EBRC) mechanism to resolve the issues raised above. In comparison to traditional algorithms, we reinvented ways to evaluate node reliability and robustness and manage active nodes. Our experiments show that the EBRC algorithm has lower consensus delay, higher throughput, improved security, and lower verification costs. It offers new reference ideas for solving the Internet of Things+blockchain+Internet court construction problem.

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