scholarly journals Valorisation of CO2 into Value-Added Products via Microbial Electrosynthesis (MES) and Electro-Fermentation Technology

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Marzuqa Quraishi ◽  
Kayinath Wani ◽  
Soumya Pandit ◽  
Piyush Kumar Gupta ◽  
Ashutosh Kumar Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Microbial Electrosynthesis ◽  
Microbial Electrolysis Cells ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
Microbial Electrocatalysis

Microbial electrocatalysis reckons on microbes as catalysts for reactions occurring at electrodes. Microbial fuel cells and microbial electrolysis cells are well-known in this context; both prefer the oxidation of organic and inorganic matter for producing electricity. Notably, the synthesis of high energy-density chemicals (fuels) or their precursors by microorganisms using bio-cathode to yield electrical energy is called Microbial Electrosynthesis (MES), giving an exceptionally appealing novel way for producing beneficial products from electricity and wastewater. This review accentuates the concept, importance and opportunities of MES, as an emerging discipline at the nexus of microbiology and electrochemistry. Production of organic compounds from MES is considered as an effective technique for the generation of various beneficial reduced end-products (like acetate and butyrate) as well as in reducing the load of CO2 from the atmosphere to mitigate the harmful effect of greenhouse gases in global warming. Although MES is still an emerging technology, this method is not thoroughly known. The authors have focused on MES, as it is the next transformative, viable alternative technology to decrease the repercussions of surplus carbon dioxide in the environment along with conserving energy.

scholarly journals Perspective on advanced nanomaterials used for energy storage and conversion

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsuanyi Huang ◽  
Rong Li ◽  
Cuixia Li ◽  
Feng Zheng ◽  
Giovanni A. Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Energy Storage And Conversion ◽  
Energy Materials

Abstract To drive the next ‘technical revolution’ towards commercialization, we must develop sustainable energy materials, procedures, and technologies. The demand for electrical energy is unlikely to diminish over the next 50 years, and how different countries engage in these challenges will shape future discourse. This perspective summarizes the technical aspects of nanomaterials’ design, evaluation, and uses. The applications include solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC), microbial fuel cells (MFC), supercapacitors, and hydrogen evolution catalysts. This paper also described energy carriers such as ammonia which can be produced electrochemically using SOEC under ambient pressure and high temperature. The rise of electric vehicles has necessitated some form of onboard storage of fuel or charge. The fuels can be generated using an electrolyzer to convert water to hydrogen or nitrogen and steam to ammonia. The charge can be stored using a symmetrical supercapacitor composed of tertiary metal oxides with self-regulating properties to provide high energy and power density. A novel metal boride system was constructed to absorb microwave radiation under harsh conditions to enhance communication systems. These resources can lower the demand for petroleum carbon in portable power devices or replace higher fossil carbon in stationary power units. To improve the energy conversion and storage efficiency, we systematically optimized synthesis variables of nanomaterials using artificial neural network approaches. The structural characterization and electrochemical performance of the energy materials and devices provide guidelines to control new structures and related properties. Systemic study on energy materials and technology provides a feasible transition from traditional to sustainable energy platforms. This perspective mainly covers the area of green chemistry, evaluation, and applications of nanomaterials generated in our laboratory with brief literature comparison where appropriate. The conceptual and experimental innovations outlined in this perspective are neither complete nor authoritative but a snapshot of selecting technologies that can generate green power using nanomaterials.

scholarly journals Strategies to Improve the Energy Storage Properties of Perovskite Lead-Free Relaxor Ferroelectrics: A Review

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5742
Author(s):  
Vignaswaran Veerapandiyan ◽  
Federica Benes ◽  
Theresa Gindel ◽  
Marco Deluca
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Relaxor Ferroelectrics ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Energy Storage Properties ◽  
Novel Processing

Electrical energy storage systems (EESSs) with high energy density and power density are essential for the effective miniaturization of future electronic devices. Among different EESSs available in the market, dielectric capacitors relying on swift electronic and ionic polarization-based mechanisms to store and deliver energy already demonstrate high power densities. However, different intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to energy dissipations prevent ceramic-based dielectric capacitors from reaching high recoverable energy density levels. Interestingly, relaxor ferroelectric-based dielectric capacitors, because of their low remnant polarization, show relatively high energy density and thus display great potential for applications requiring high energy density properties. In this study, some of the main strategies to improve the energy density properties of perovskite lead-free relaxor systems are reviewed, including (i) chemical modification at different crystallographic sites, (ii) chemical additives that do not target lattice sites, and (iii) novel processing approaches dedicated to bulk ceramics, thick and thin films, respectively. Recent advancements are summarized concerning the search for relaxor materials with superior energy density properties and the appropriate choice of both composition and processing routes to match various applications’ needs. Finally, future trends in computationally-aided materials design are presented.

Dielectric Elastomer Energy Harvesting and its Application to Human Walking

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Lai ◽  
Chin An Tan ◽  
Yong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Human Walking ◽  
Wide Range

Human walking requires sophisticated coordination of muscles, tendons, and ligaments working together to provide a constantly changing combination of force, stiffness and damping. In particular, the human knee joint acts as a variable damper, dissipating greater amounts of energy when the knee undergoes large rotational displacements during walking, running or hopping. Typically, this damping results from the dissipation, or loss, of metabolic energy. It has been proven to be possible however; to collect this otherwise wasted energy through the use of electromechanical transducers of several different types which convert mechanical energy to electrical energy. When properly controlled, this type of device not only provides desirable structural damping effects, but the energy generated can be stored for use in a wide range of applications. A novel approach to an energy harvesting knee joint damper is presented using a dielectric elastomer (DE) smart material based electromechanical transducer. Dielectric elastomers are extremely elastic materials with high electrical permittivity which operate based on electrostatic effects. By placing compliant electrodes on either side of a dielectric elastomer film, a specialized capacitor is created, which couples mechanical and electrical energy using induced electrostatic stresses. Dielectric elastomer energy harvesting devices not only have a high energy density, but the material properties are similar to that of human tissue, making it highly suitable for wearable applications. A theoretical framework for dielectric elastomer energy harvesting is presented along with a mapping of the active phases of the energy harvesting to the appropriate phases of the walking stride. Experimental results demonstrating the energy harvesting capability of a DE generator undergoing strains similar to those experienced during walking are provided for the purpose of verifying the theoretical results. The work presented here can be applied to devices for use in rehabilitation of patients with muscular dysfunction and transfemoral prosthesis as well as energy generation for able-bodied wearers.

Research for Combustor Based on Micro-Thermoelectric Generator Device

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 2509-2513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Yin Song ◽  
Xian Cheng Wang ◽  
Mei Qin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thermoelectric Generator ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Thermal Exchange ◽  
Thermal Transfer ◽  
Micro Thermoelectric Generator ◽  
Micro Combustor

Micro-thermoelectric generator device (MTGD) is used to supply lasting electrical energy for Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). As an important part of MTGD, micro-combustor with high energy density has direct influence on the total electrical generating efficiency for MTG. D In this paper, Considering some parameters such as material, dimension, flux of fuel and shape of thermal conductive tunnel for micro-combustor, some simulation models such as thermal transfer, combustion for micro-combustor were built up, and some simulation results were got. Based upon, optimized micro flat combustors were designed and tested. The experiment results illustrated that the conduct efficiency of micro-combustor was well controlled by adjusting heat flux, and the combustor with shape of zigzag combustion tunnel has high thermal exchange efficiency in experiment models. By adjusting flux of fuel and the structure of micro premixed combustor, the heat loss of MTGD was reduced and output power was improved in a degree.

Electro-active phase formation in PVDF–BiVO4 flexible nanocomposite films for high energy density storage application

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (89) ◽  
pp. 48220-48227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrata Sarkar ◽  
Samiran Garain ◽  
Dipankar Mandal ◽  
K. K. Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Phase Formation ◽  
Nanocomposite Film ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Energy Harvesters

A significant improvement of dielectric properties and toughness with electrical energy density up to 11 J cm−3 is observed in flexible PVDF–BiVO4 nanocomposite film. It underlines to use as flexible high energy density capacitors and piezoelectric based energy harvesters.

scholarly journals Single Vibration Mode Standing Wave Tubular Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Motor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soonho Park
Keyword(s):  
Standing Wave ◽  
Vibration Mode ◽  
Cylindrical Tube ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Ultrasonic Frequency ◽  
Ultrasonic Motors ◽  
Piezoelectric Motors ◽  
Piezoelectric Effects

The objective of this thesis is to report the single vibration mode standing wave tubular piezoelectric ultrasonic motors developed. Piezoelectric motors are driven by reverse piezoelectric effects which converts an input of ultrasonic frequency of electrical energy into an output of mechanical movement. There are many advantages of piezoelectric ultrasonic motors compared to electromagnetic motors such as simple structure, high energy density, and high torque at low speed. Three prototypes are designed and fabricated. Two motors are fabricated using PZT cylindrical tube; one with PZT teeth and the other with metal teeth. A third motor using brass tube with PZT plates attached is fabricated. After design and fabrication of three prototypes, the performances of the motors are tested using a test apparatus for speed and torque.

scholarly journals Tailor-made Functional Polymers for Energy Storage and Environmental Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 667-673
Author(s):  
Ali Coskun
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
Battery Capacity

CO2 emissions into the atmosphere account for the majority of environmental challenges and its global impact in the form of climate change is well-documented. Accordingly, the development of new materials approaches to capture and convert CO2 into value-added products is essential. Whereas the increased availability of renewable energy is curbing our reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing CO2 emissions, the widespread adaptation of renewable energy still requires the development of high energy density batteries i.e., lithium ion batteries (LIBs). To address these energy and environmental challenges, our group has been developing porous organic polymers (POPs) with precise control over their porosity and surface chemistry for CO2 capture, separation and conversion. To realize simultaneous CO2 separation and conversion, we are also developing catalytically active two-dimensional membranes and POPs. In the area of LIBs, we have recognized the potential of supramolecular chemistry as a general strategy for solving the capacity-fading problem associated with high energy density electrode materials such as Li-metal, silicon and sulfur, which offer extremely high battery capacity compared to conventional LIBs. Accordingly, we have demonstrated how molecular-level design of one- and two-dimensional supramolecular polymers can be directly translated into an improved electrochemical performance in high energy density LIBs.

Toward dendrite-free alkaline zinc-based rechargeable batteries: A minireview

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (05) ◽  
pp. 1930004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Cao ◽  
Huan Xia ◽  
Xiangyu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Dendritic Growth ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Electrode Design ◽  
Electrical Energy Storage

Alkaline zinc-based rechargeable batteries (AZRBs) are competitive candidates for future electrical energy storage because of their low-cost, eco-friendliness and high energy density. However, plagued by dendrites, the AZRBs suffer from drastic decay in electrochemical properties and safety. This review elucidates fundamentals of zinc dendritic formation and summarizes the strategies, including electrode design and modification, electrolyte optimization and separator improvement, for suppressing zinc dendritic growth.

Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Several Potential Chemical Commodities Following Different Pathways - A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 764 ◽  
pp. 1-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibram Ganesh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Methanol Production

This article reviews the literature related to the direct uses of CO2and its conversion into various value added chemicals including high energy density liquid fuels such as methanol. The increase in the direct uses of CO2and its conversion into potential chemical commodities is very important as it directly contributes to the mitigation of CO2related global warming problem. The method being followed at present in several countries to reduce the CO2associated global warming is capturing of CO2at its major outlets using monoethanolamine based solution absorption technique followed by storing it in safe places such as, oceans, depleted coal seams, etc., (i.e., carbon dioxide capturing and storing in safe places, CCS process). This is called as CO2sequestration. Although, the CCS process is the most understood and immediate option to mitigate the global warming problem, it is considerably expensive and has become a burden for those countries, which are practicing this process. The other alternative and most beneficial way of mitigating this global warming problem is to convert the captured CO2into certain value added bulk chemicals instead of disposing it. Conversion of CO2into methanol has been identified as one of such cost effective ways of mitigating global warming problem. Further, if H2is produced from exclusively water using only solar energy instead of any fossil fuel based energy, and is used to convert CO2into methanol there are three major benefits: i) it contributes greatly to the global warming mitigation problem, ii) it greatly saves fossil fuels as methanol production from CO2could be an excellent sustainable and renewable energy resource, and iii) as on today, there is no better process than this to store energy in a more convenient and highly usable form of high energy density liquid fuel. Not only methanol, several other potential chemicals and value added chemical intermediates can be produced from CO2. In this article, i) synthesis of several commodity chemicals including poly and cyclic-carbonates, sodium carbonate and dimethyl carbonate, carbamates, urea, vicinal diamines, 2-arylsuccinic acids, dimethyl ether, methanol, various hydrocarbons, acetic acid, formaldehyde, formic acid, lower alkanes, etc., from CO2, ii) the several direct uses of CO2, and iii) the importance of producing methanol from CO2using exclusively solar energy are presented, discussed and summarized by citing all the relevant and important references.

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