scholarly journals Correlations between the Chemical, Microbiological Characteristics and Sensory Profile of Fungal Fermented Food

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Rachma Wikandari ◽  
Dyah Ayu Kinanti ◽  
Regina Devi Permatasari ◽  
Nur Lisa Rahmaningtyas ◽  
Nidya Rizkadianari Chairunisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Fermented Products

Fungal fermented foods are nutritious, environmentally friendly and sustainable protein sources. To develop fungal fermented food with acceptable sensory characteristics, it is important to assess factors that can affect the sensory characteristics of the product. The current study aimed to investigate the correlations between the chemical and microbiological characteristics and sensory characteristics of fungal fermented food. Soybeans were fermented using five local Indonesian strains of the genus Rhizopus sp. and one strain of industrial starter to mimic traditional Indonesian tempe. The chemical (amino acid and ammonia content), microbiological (lactic acid bacteria, proteolytic bacteria and yeast) and sensory characteristics of the fermented products were examined. The results showed that there is a correlation between the chemical properties, particularly glutamic acid and aspartic acid, and the overall liking of different types of tempe. In general, Rhizopus oligosporus-fermented products had better sensory characteristics than those fermented with Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus delemar. The sensory characteristics of the fermented products in this work made from isolates are comparable to those made with an industrial starter culture. In addition, taste and texture affect the overall liking of the product. The results of this study contribute to the development of acceptable sensory fungal fermented food and, in particular, the screening of potential starters.

scholarly journals Development of a starter culture for the production of Gari, a traditional African fermented food

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Vinodh Aroon Edward
Keyword(s):  
Starter Culture ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Freeze Dried

Cassava, (Manihot esculenta Crantz), is used for the production of a variety of West African foods and ranks fourth in the list of major crops in developing countries after rice, wheat and maize. Gari is one of the most popular foods produced from cassava. Cassava may contain high levels of linamarin, a cyanogenic glucoside, which in its natural state is toxic to man. Therefore, some processing methods that can enhance the detoxification of cassava and lead to the improvement of the quality and hygienic safety of the food are vitally important for less toxic products to be obtained. Quality, safety and acceptability of traditional fermented foods may be improved through the use of starter cultures. There has been a trend recently to isolate wild-type strains from traditional products for use as starter cultures in food fermentation. A total of 74 bacterial strains and 21 yeast strains were isolated from a cassava mash fermentation process in a rural village in Benin, West Africa. These strains were assessed, together with 26 strains isolated at the CSIR from cassava samples sent from Benin previously, for phenotypic and technological properties. Twenty four presumptive lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were selected for further phenotypic, genotypic and technological characterization during a research visit to the BFE (now Max Rubner Institute of Nutrition and Food). After assessment, the strains VE 20, VE 36, VE 65b, VE 77 and VE 82 were chosen for further study as starter cultures. These L. plantarum strains were chosen on the basis of predominance and possession of suitable technological properties. The investigation of this study was complemented by further, similar studies on further Gari isolates in Germany by the BFE. That study was done independently from this study, but both studies served to select potential starter cultures for cassava fermentation for the production of Gari, as this was the common goal of the project. Thus, a wider final selection of potential starter cultures was decided on at the project level and this selection was further tested in fermentation experiments. A total of 17 strains were grown in optimized media in 2 L fermenters. These strains were freeze-dried and thereafter tested in lab-scale cassava mash fermentation trials. xiii The strains performed well in the small scale bucket fermentations. There was a rapid acidification evidenced by the increase in titratable acidity, ranging from 1.1 to 1.3 % at 24 hours, and 1.3 to 1.6 % at 48 hours. The effect of the starter was obvious in that it lowered the pH much faster and to lower levels than the control. It appeared that both the processing and starter culture addition played a role in the removal of cyanide during processing of the cassava into Gari. This was evident from the lower cyanide values obtained for fermentations that included starter cultures. The study also showed that especially the L. plantarum group strains could be produced as starter cultures at lower costs than compared to L. fermentum, W. paramesenteroides or L. mesenteroides strains. Overall the results of this study were crucial for the project in showing that a starter culture which is easy and economical to produce and which has the desired attributes is a feasible possibility for application in the field.

scholarly journals Potential of Bacteria from Alternative Fermented Foods as Starter Cultures for the Production of Wheat Sourdoughs

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1534
Author(s):  
Andrea Comasio ◽  
Simon Van Kerrebroeck ◽  
Henning Harth ◽  
Fabienne Verté ◽  
Luc De Vuyst
Keyword(s):  
Starter Culture ◽  
Gluconobacter Oxydans ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Fermented Sausage ◽  
Different Strains

Microbial strains for starter culture-initiated sourdough productions are commonly isolated from a fermenting flour–water mixture. Yet, starter culture strains isolated from matrices other than sourdoughs could provide the dough with interesting metabolic properties and hence change the organoleptic properties of the concomitant breads. Furthermore, the selection of sourdough starter cultures does not need to be limited to lactic acid bacteria (LAB), as other food-grade microorganisms are sometimes found in sourdoughs. Therefore, different strains belonging to LAB, acetic acid bacteria (AAB), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) that originated from different fermented food matrices (fermenting cocoa pulp-bean mass, fermented sausage, and water kefir), were examined as to their prevalence in a wheat sourdough ecosystem during 72-h fermentations. Limosilactobacillus fermentum IMDO 222 (fermented cocoa pulp-bean mass isolate) and Latilactobacillus sakei CTC 494 (fermented sausage isolate) seemed to be promising candidates as sourdough starter culture strains, as were the AAB strains Acetobacter pasteurianus IMDO 386B and Gluconobacter oxydans IMDO A845 (both isolated from fermented cocoa pulp-bean mass), due to their competitiveness in the wheat flour-water mixtures. Wheat breads made with G. oxydans IMDO A845 sourdoughs were significantly darker than reference wheat breads.

scholarly journals Rapid Phenotypic and Metabolomic Domestication of WildPenicilliumMolds on Cheese

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Bodinaku ◽  
Jason Shaffer ◽  
Allison B. Connors ◽  
Jacob L. Steenwyk ◽  
Megan N. Biango-Daniels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Starter Culture ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Food Environments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Metabolite Production ◽  
Striking Change

ABSTRACTFermented foods provide novel ecological opportunities for natural populations of microbes to evolve through successive recolonization of resource-rich substrates. Comparative genomic data have reconstructed the evolutionary histories of microbes adapted to food environments, but experimental studies directly demonstrating the process of domestication are lacking for most fermented food microbes. Here, we show that during adaptation to cheese, phenotypic and metabolomic traits of wildPenicilliummolds rapidly change to produce domesticated phenotypes with properties similar to those of the industrial cultures used to make Camembert and other bloomy rind cheeses. Over a period of just a few weeks, populations of wildPenicilliumstrains serially passaged on cheese had reduced pigment, spore, and mycotoxin production. Domesticated strains also had a striking change in volatile metabolite production, shifting from production of earthy or musty volatile compounds (e.g., geosmin) to fatty and cheesy volatiles (e.g., 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone). RNA sequencing demonstrated a significant decrease in expression of 356 genes in domesticated strains, with an enrichment of many secondary metabolite production pathways in these downregulated genes. By manipulating the presence of neighboring microbial species and overall resource availability, we demonstrate that the limited competition and high nutrient availability of the cheese environment promote rapid trait evolution ofPenicilliummolds.IMPORTANCEIndustrial cultures of filamentous fungi are used to add unique aesthetics and flavors to cheeses and other microbial foods. How these microbes adapted to live in food environments is generally unknown as most microbial domestication is unintentional. Our work demonstrates that wild molds closely related to the starter culturePenicillium camembertican readily lose traits and quickly shift toward producing desirable aroma compounds. In addition to experimentally demonstrating a putative domestication pathway forP. camemberti, our work suggests that wildPenicilliumisolates could be rapidly domesticated to produce new flavors and aesthetics in fermented foods.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical properties of probiotic yoghurt produced with transglutaminase

2007 ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spasenija Milanovic ◽  
Marijana Caric ◽  
Mirjana Djuric ◽  
Mirela Ilicic ◽  
Katarina Durakovic
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Enzyme Activation ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water Holding

The effect of different concentration of transglutaminase - TG (0.02%, 0.06% and 0.12%) on physico-chemical properties of probiotic yoghurt was investigated. Two series of yoghurt were manufactured on a laboratory scale from pasteurised skim milk (0.1 % w/w fat). Series I was produced with TGase activation during a period of 2 h at 40?C, while series II was produced without enzyme activation. Then, the adequate quantities of TGase and probiotic starter culture ABT-4 (Chr. Hansen A/S Denmark) were added. Chemical composition, physico-chemical properties (water holding capacity and whey separation) and sensory characteristics of yoghurt samples were determined after production and during 5 days of storage. Addition of TGase to milk (direct or after activation) for probiotic yoghurt manufacture improved its overall characteristics. Activation of TG in yoghurt production increases water holding capacity as well as decreases syneresis during the storage.

scholarly journals Influence of Ultraviolet Light and Ultrasound Irradiation on the Physicochemical, Sensory and Microbiological Characteristics of Pear Jam Enriched with Fibers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 14304-14315
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Ultrasound Irradiation ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Titrable Acidity ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Glass Packaging

The ultraviolet light and ultrasound irradiation present a green approach to non-thermal conservation in food processing. This research aimed to investigate the effect of ultraviolet light and ultrasound irradiation on the fiber-enriched pear fruit jam's physicochemical properties, sensory profile, and microbiological characteristics. The moisture, ash, pH, titrable acidity, sugar content, energy value, heavy metals were determined in the samples. The sensory and microbiological characteristics were also evaluated in pear jams. It was found that the treatment of ultraviolet light and ultrasound irradiation caused minimal changes in pH, titrable acidity, dry matter, and sucrose content. The sensory characteristics (color, odor, and taste) also did not alter significantly during treatment with ultraviolet light and ultrasound irradiation. The values of other sensory characteristics as graininess, elasticity, and juiciness showed better acceptance for jam treated with ultrasound irradiation. The pear jam's lowest microbial growth level was observed after ultraviolet light and ultrasonic irradiations for 10 minutes in polypropylene packaging and 15 minutes in glass packaging, respectively. However, ultrasonic irradiation demonstrated a more effective overall bactericidal effect in polypropylene packaging, while ultraviolet light showed better results in a glass packaging pear jam.

scholarly journals Rapid phenotypic and metabolomic domestication of wildPenicilliummolds on cheese

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Bodinaku ◽  
Jason Shaffer ◽  
Allison B. Connors ◽  
Jacob L. Steenwyk ◽  
Erik Kastman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Starter Culture ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Food Environments ◽  
Metabolite Production ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Striking Change

ABSTRACTFermented foods provide novel ecological opportunities for natural populations of microbes to evolve through successive recolonization of resource-rich substrates. Comparative genomic data have reconstructed the evolutionary histories of microbes adapted to food environments, but experimental studies directly demonstrating the process of domestication are lacking for most fermented food microbes. Here we show that during the repeated colonization of cheese, phenotypic and metabolomic traits of wildPenicilliummolds rapidly change to produce mutants with properties similar to industrial cultures used to make Camembert and other bloomy rind cheeses. Over a period of just a few weeks, populations of wildPenicilliumstrains serially passaged on cheese resulted in the reduction or complete loss of pigment, spore, and mycotoxin production. Mutants also had a striking change in volatile metabolite production, shifting from production of earthy or musty volatile compounds (e.g. geosmin) to fatty and cheesy volatiles (e.g. 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone). RNA-sequencing demonstrated a significant decrease in expression of 356 genes in domesticated mutants, with an enrichment of many secondary metabolite production pathways in these downregulated genes. By manipulating the presence of neighboring microbial species and overall resource availability, we demonstrate that the limited competition and high nutrient availability of the cheese environment promote rapid trait evolution ofPenicilliummolds.IMPORTANCEIndustrial cultures of filamentous fungi are used to add unique aesthetics and flavors to cheeses and other microbial foods. How these microbes adapted to live in food environments is generally unknown as most microbial domestication is unintentional. Our work demonstrates that wild molds closely related to the starter culturePenicillium camembertican readily lose undesirable traits and quickly shift toward producing desirable aroma compounds. In addition to experimentally demonstrating a putative domestication pathway forP. camemberti, our work suggests that wildPenicilliumisolates could be rapidly domesticated to produce new flavors and aesthetics in fermented foods.

Effects of Fermentative Factors on Biochemical, Microbiological and Sensory Characteristics of Probiotic Iranian Fermented Milk (Doogh)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Elaheh Ahmadi ◽  
Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Sara Hasanvand ◽  
Milad Rouhi ◽  
Amir Mohammad Mortazavian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Increase Rate ◽  
Probiotic Strains

Background: Doogh is a traditional Iranian fermented milk drink that is currently a very popular product in Iran. In the present study, the combined effects of incubation temperature, type of starter culture, and final pH of fermentation on the viability of two probiotic strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 (A) and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 (B)) and biochemical and sensory characteristics of probiotic Doogh were investigated. </P><P> Method: Different treatments were prepared with yoghurt starter culture containing probiotics, using reconstituted skimmed milk with 6% of solid nonfat. They were incubated at 38°C or 44°C until pH 4.0 or pH 4.5 and were kept for 21 days at 4&#176;C or 8&#176;C storage temperature. The biochemical properties of treatments were evaluated during fermentation and refrigerated storage. The viable count and sensory attributes of treatments were studied at the end of fermentation and at the end of storage. </P><P> Results: Results showed that the greatest mean pH drop rate, mean acidity increase rate and mean redox potential increase rate and the shortest incubation time were observed in treatments incubated at 44&#176;C with final pH of 4.5. The highest survival of both probiotic strains during storage was related to treatments with fermentation temperature of 38&#176;C and final pH of 4.5. Treatments ABY1-38&#176;C-4.0 had the highest sensorial total acceptance at the end of refrigerated storage. </P><P> Conclusion: It would be concluded that the best treatment was ABY3-38&#176;C-4 stored at 8°C in regards of probiotics’ viability and sensory characteristics of Doogh. Thus, controlling the temperature of refrigerated storage is the most importance factor during storage and distribution.

scholarly journals A glimpse of antimicrobial resistance gene diversity in kefir and yoghurt

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienn Gréta Tóth ◽  
István Csabai ◽  
Gergely Maróti ◽  
Ákos Jerzsele ◽  
Attila Dubecz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Gene

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat gaining more and more practical significance every year. The main determinants of AMR are the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Since bacteria can share genetic components via horizontal gene transfer, even non-pathogenic bacteria may provide ARG to any pathogens which they become physically close to (e.g. in the human gut). In addition, fermented food naturally contains bacteria in high amounts. In this study, we examined the diversity of ARG content in various kefir and yoghurt samples (products, grains, bacterial strains) using a unified metagenomic approach. We found numerous ARGs of commonly used fermenting bacteria. Even with the strictest filter restrictions, we identified ARGs undermining the efficacy of aminocoumarins, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, cephalosporins, cephamycins, diaminopyrimidines, elfamycins, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycins, glycylcyclines, lincosamides, macrolides, monobactams, nitrofurans, nitroimidazoles, penams, penems, peptides, phenicols, rifamycins, tetracyclines and triclosan. In the case of gene lmrD, we detected genetic environment providing mobility of this ARG. Our findings support the theory that during the fermentation process, the ARG content of foods can grow due to bacterial multiplication. The results presented suggest that the starting culture strains of fermented foods should be monitored and selected in order to decrease the intake of ARGs via foods.

Comparative study of not from concentrate and reconstituted from concentrate of pomegranate juices on nutritional and sensory profile

2021 ◽  
pp. 108201322110037
Author(s):  
G Brunda ◽  
Urs Kavyashree ◽  
Shilpa S Shetty ◽  
Kirti Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Pomegranate Juice ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Hepg2 Cell Lines

Pomegranate juice is popular due to its unique health benefits, sensory characteristics and also a good source of bioactive compounds. Comparative study on processing effect of Not from Concentrate (NFC) and Reconstituted from concentrate (RFC) pomegranate juice on the nutritional and sensory characteristics of ‘Ganesh’ variant was conducted. Results showed that not much differences observed in parameters like pH, acidity, essential elements, protein, total sugars and polyphenol content between NFC and RFC. As per the study NFC had a better antioxidant activity with intracellular ROS inhibition of 11% higher with significant ( p < 0.05) than RFC in HepG2 cell lines. Total anthocyanin content was significantly different ( p < 0.05) in NFC (428.05 mg/l) compared to 326.74 mg/l in RFC expressed as cyanidin-3-glucoside. Iron uptake was 40 units (µg/mg protein) higher in NFC than RFC ( p < 0.05) in HepG2 cells. Sensory flavor profile showed NFC having significant differences with respect to characteristic pomegranate freshness, fruitiness, sweetness and astringency mouthfeel. RFC had higher sweetish and cooked flavor with additional vegetable like notes of beet and carrot. Based on the data better antioxidant activity, iron bioavailability, anthocyanin content and sensory attributes were captured in pomegranate NFC juices over RFC juices.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document