scholarly journals Valorization of Bread Waste to a Fiber- and Protein-Rich Fungal Biomass

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Sofie E. Svensson ◽  
Ludmila Bucuricova ◽  
Jorge A. Ferreira ◽  
Pedro F. Souza Filho ◽  
Mohammad J. Taherzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
A Value ◽  
Shake Flasks ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Fungal Cultivation

Filamentous fungi can be used for the valorization of food waste as a value-added product. The goal of this study was the valorization of bread waste through fungal cultivation and the production of value-added products. The fungal cultivation was verified for upscaling from shake flasks to a bench-scale bioreactor (4.5 L) and a pilot-scale bioreactor (26 L). The fungus showed the ability to grow without any additional enzymes or nutrients, and it was able to consume a bread concentration of 4.5% (w/v) over 48 h. The biomass concentration in the shake flasks was 4.1 g/L at a 2.5% bread concentration, which increased to 22.5 g/L at a 15% bread concentration. The biomass concentrations obtained after 48 h of cultivation using a 4.5% bread concentration were 7.2–8.3 and 8.0 g/L in 4.5 and 26 L bioreactors, respectively. Increasing the aeration rate in the 4.5 L bioreactor decreased the amount of ethanol produced and slightly reduced the protein content of the fungal biomass. The initial protein value in the bread was around 13%, while the protein content in the harvested fungal biomass ranged from 27% to 36%. The nutritional value of the biomass produced was evaluated by analyzing the amino acids and fatty acids. This study presents the valorization of bread waste through the production of a protein- and fatty-acid-rich fungal biomass that is simultaneously a source of microfibers.

scholarly journals It Works! Organic-Waste-Assisted Trichoderma spp. Solid-State Fermentation on Agricultural Digestate

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Carlotta Alias ◽  
Daniela Bulgari ◽  
Emanuela Gobbi
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Wood Sawdust ◽  
A Value ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

This study aimed at valorizing digestate through Trichoderma spp. solid-state fermentation (SSF) to produce a potentially ameliorated fertilizer combined with fungal biomass as a value-added bioproduct. Plant-growth-promoting Trichoderma atroviride Ta13, T. reesei RUT-C30, T. asperellum R, and T. harzianum T-22 were tested on different SSF substrates: whole digestate (WD), digestate dried up with wood sawdust (SSF1), and digestate enriched with food waste and dried up with wood sawdust (SSF2). The fungal biomass was quantified by using a qPCR assay. The growth of the four Trichoderma spp. was only observed on the SSF2 substrate. The highest quantity of mycelium was produced by T. reesei RUT-30 (689.80 ± 80.53 mg/g substrate), followed by T. atroviride Ta13, and T. asperellum R (584.24 ± 13.36 and 444.79 ± 91.02 mg/g substrate). The germination of Lepidium sativum seeds was evaluated in order to assess the phytoxicity of the Trichoderma-enriched substrate. The treatments with 7.5% SSF2-R, 3.75% SSF2-T-22, and 1.8% SSF2-Ta13 equally enhanced the root elongation in comparison to the non-fermented SSF-2. This study demonstrated that digestate, mixed with agro-food waste, was able to support the cultivation of Trichoderma spp., paving the way to the valorization of fermented digestate as a proper biofertilizer.

scholarly journals Use of Organic Wastes and Industrial By-Products to Produce Filamentous Fungi with Potential as Aqua-Feed Ingredients

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Karimi ◽  
Nasrollah Mahboobi Soofiani ◽  
Amir Mahboubi ◽  
Mohammad Taherzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Aquaculture Industry ◽  
Aqua Feed ◽  
Protein Rich

Organic-rich waste and industrial by-product streams, generated in enormous amounts on a daily basis, contain substantial amounts of nutrients that are worthy of recovery. Biological conversion of organic-waste streams using filamentous fungi is a promising approach to convert nutrients into value-added bioproducts, such as fungal biomass. High-protein fungal biomass contains different kinds and levels of amino acids, fatty acids, immunostimulants, antioxidants, pigments, etc., which make it a potential choice for application in animal feed supplementation. Considering the challenges long faced by the aquaculture industry in fishmeal production due to the increasing prices and environmental concerns, the aquaculture industry is forced to provide alternative protein-rich sources to replace conventional fishmeal. In this review, the possibilities of utilization of filamentous fungi biomass cultivated on organic-rich waste streams, as an alternative nutrient source in fish feed, were thoroughly reviewed.

scholarly journals Feedstock-Dependent Phosphate Recovery in a Pilot-Scale Hydrothermal Liquefaction Bio-Crude Production

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Ovsyannikova ◽  
Andrea Kruse ◽  
Gero C. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Catalytic Upgrading ◽  
A Value ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Full Analysis

Microalgae (Spirulina) and primary sewage sludge are considerable feedstocks for future fuel-producing biorefinery. These feedstocks have either a high fuel production potential (algae) or a particularly high appearance as waste (sludge). Both feedstocks bring high loads of nutrients (P, N) that must be addressed in sound biorefinery concepts that primarily target specific hydrocarbons, such as liquid fuels. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), which produces bio-crude oil that is ready for catalytic upgrading (e.g., for jet fuel), is a useful starting point for such an approach. As technology advances from small-scale batches to pilot-scale continuous operations, the aspect of nutrient recovery must be reconsidered. This research presents a full analysis of relevant nutrient flows between the product phases of HTL for the two aforementioned feedstocks on the basis of pilot-scale data. From a partial experimentally derived mass balance, initial strategies for recovering the most relevant nutrients (P, N) were developed and proofed in laboratory-scale. The experimental and theoretical data from the pilot and laboratory scales are combined to present the proof of concept and provide the first mass balances of an HTL-based biorefinery modular operation for producing fertilizer (struvite) as a value-added product.

Waste to Wealth for the Edible Bird Nest Industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 990-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Hamzah ◽  
Sarojini Jeyaraman ◽  
Othman Hashim ◽  
Kamarudin Hussin
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Food Product ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Health Food ◽  
High Protein Content ◽  
Bird Nest ◽  
A Value ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate

Edible bird nest (EBN) is a product obtained from the salivary excretion of different species of swiftlets during the breeding season. It is an expensive health food product. The raw EBN needs intensive cleaning before it can be consumed. Currently, EBN is increasingly used in cosmetic products. The cleaning procedure generally produced about 30 % (w/w) of waste. To date, there is no work conducted to study the composition of the waste recovered from the cleaning process and converting the waste into useful downstream products. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the composition of the EBN wastes and to formulate a value added facial cream product from the EBN waste. EBN waste (residues) was collected from the cleaning water of EBN samples from the swiftlet species Aerodramusfuciphagus using the centrifugation method. The chemical composition of the EBN waste (residues) was analyzed qualitatively using the FTIR technique. Similarly, the different grades of processed EBN samples (2A, 3A, 4A, 5A and biscuit white) from the swiftlet species Aerodramusfuciphagus were quantitatively analyzed using the elemental analyzer. The residual EBN showed high protein content (47.33±3.09 %) and carbohydrate content of 2.4±0.37 %. Interestingly, nitrite, nitrate and lead were not present in the EBN waste. Thus, EBN waste is considered safe to formulate a facial cream. The collagen content in EBN is good as an anti-aging beauty cream. Since the EBN is a very expensive product, the residual EBN waste has good potential to formulate a value added product without any loss in its nutritional health benefits to achieve a similar effect as EBN. The high protein content retained in EBN waste makes the wash off water from EBN washings a suitable nutrient – rich component for the formulation of health and beauty products.

scholarly journals Effect of Glucose Administration on Biomass, ?-Carotene and Protein Content of Dunaliella sp. under Mixotrophic Cultivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 404-408
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fakhri
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Mixotrophic Cultivation ◽  
Glucose Administration ◽  
A Value ◽  
Green Microalga ◽  
Mass Scale Production ◽  
Β Carotene

Dunaliella sp. is a prospective green microalga that can utilize both organic and inorganic carbon simultaneously. This study was aimed to determine the influence of various glucose concentrations on biomass concentration, β-carotene, and protein content of Dunaliella sp. under mixotrophic cultivation. Different glucose supplementation of 0.05 g/L, 0.10 g/L, 0.15 g/L, and 0.20 g/L were applied mixotrophically. The culture condition of Dunaliella sp. was also performed under photoautotrophic cultivation. The results exhibited that glucose administration significantly influenced the growth, biomass concentration, β-carotene, and protein production of Dunaliella sp. (P < 0.05). Supplementation of glucose in the mixotrophic culture remarkably improved cell growth, biomass production, β-carotene, and protein content of Dunaliella sp. compared to photoautotrophic culture. Increasing glucose concentration from 0.05 to 0.15 g/L increased biomass yield, β-carotene, and protein content of Dunaliella sp. The maximum specific growth rate and biomass concentration were produced at the glucose administration of 0.15 g/L with a value of 1.058 per day and 0.896 g/L, respectively. Moreover, supplementation of 0.15 g/L glucose resulted in the highest β-carotene and protein content. The results also noted that nitrate and phosphate consumption was highly related to biomass, β-carotene, and protein content of Dunaliella sp. In conclusion, the supplementation of glucose under mixotrophic conditions could improve the biomass, β-carotene, and protein content of Dunaliella sp. and could be practically used in mass-scale production. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals Pea peels as a value-added food ingredient for snack crackers and dry soup

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona M. H. Mousa ◽  
Mohammed A. El-Magd ◽  
Heba I. Ghamry ◽  
Mohammad Y. Alshahrani ◽  
Nora H. M. El-Wakeil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
A Value

AbstractThe food industry produces large quantities of waste, which is available in bulk at zero cost. This study aimed to investigate a new method to maximize the protein intake from pea peels and its further utilization as a value-added food ingredient to produce healthy snack crackers and dry soup. Dehydrated green curd of pea peel (DGCPp) with high protein content (35%) was prepared and incorporated into snack cracker and instant soup powder. Wheat flour was substituted with DGCPp to prepare crackers at three substitution levels (5, 10, and 15%) compared to the cracker control sample (100% wheat flour). Increasing the level of this substitution improved the nutritional value of crackers, with highest protein content was in DGCPp crackers (15%). Crackers also had higher contents of mineral and essential amino acids. The physicochemical and sensorial properties of soup samples were significantly influenced by the addition of DGCPp. Higher rehydration value and mineral content (Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn) were observed in DGCPp soup samples compared to the control sample. Soup samples of all proportions were more acceptable by all the panelists compared with the control sample. With these findings, it can be concluded that DGCPp can be utilized in a variety of food products (such as crackers and soups) with higher nutritive values.

Novel CO2-Thermic Oxidation Process with Mg-Based Intermetallic Compounds and Its Application to Energy Storage Materials

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younghwan Cha ◽  
Jung-In Lee ◽  
Panpan Dong ◽  
Xiahui Zhang ◽  
Min-Kyu Song
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Energy Storage Materials ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Materials Synthesis ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
A Value ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Novel Strategy

A novel strategy for the oxidation of Mg-based intermetallic compounds using CO<sub>2</sub> as an oxidizing agent was realized via simple thermal treatment, called ‘CO2-thermic Oxidation Process (CO-OP)’. Furthermore, as a value-added application, electrochemical properties of one of the reaction products (carbon-coated macroporous silicon) was evaluated. Considering the facile tunability of the chemical/physical properties of Mg-based intermetallics, we believe that this route can provide a simple and versatile platform for functional energy materials synthesis as well as CO<sub>2</sub> chemical utilization in an environment-friendly and sustainable way.

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