scholarly journals Factors Explaining the Interest of Adult Offspring in Succeeding Their Parents as Forest Owners

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Dianne Staal Wästerlund
Keyword(s):  
Forest Owner ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
Forest Owners ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Forest Ownership ◽  
The Past ◽  
Forest Income ◽  
Hunting And Fishing ◽  
Significant Factors

In the past, Swedish ownership of the forest estate was predominantly passed on by parents to their descendants. However, a general societal change has given successors a larger say in decisions on such matters. Their willingness to become forest owners has, therefore, become an important factor for who will own the forest in the future. To study what factors explain adult descendants’ interest in taking over as forest owners, this study determined how adult children, who expressed a willingness to take over their parents’ forest estate, were different from those who were not willing. Members of the Northern Forest Owner Association in Sweden were asked to provide contact addresses of their children, in the age group 30 to 50 years old. The logistic regression analysis of the 249 participating offspring respondents revealed several significant factors. Offspring who helped their parents with the management of the estate were more likely to be willing to take it over, showing that developing into a forest owner remains a socialization process that starts with practical work. Values, such as the respondents’ attitude towards maintaining a forest ownership tradition, as well as the interest in forest income, hunting, and fishing, were also found to be factors affecting the willingness to take over. The results also indicate that the socialization process is still gender-biased, and that the distance between a descendants’ present home and the forest estate is a factor that mattered.

scholarly journals Thoreau, Muir, and Jane Doe: Different Types of Private Forest Owners Need Different Kinds of Forest Management

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew O. Finley ◽  
David B. Kittredge
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Forest Owner ◽  
Private Forest ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Private Forest Owners ◽  
Forest Owners ◽  
Forest Ownership ◽  
Segmentation Analysis

Abstract We present a three-phase segmentation analysis designed to highlight the heterogeneity of forest ownership values and attitudes toward government control, privacy, and environmental protection held by a sample of Massachusetts private forest owners. This case study explores private forest owner characteristics that are associated with enrollment into Massachusetts' Chapter 61 current-use forest property tax program, which requires a professionally prepared 10-year forest management plan. We suggest the key to increasing landowner participation in forest management programs is to (1) recognize this heterogeneity of the target population, and (2) tailor the program to meet segment specific needs and desires.

scholarly journals Timber Basis Allocation with Incomplete Records

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Straka
Keyword(s):  
Forest Owner ◽  
Accurate Calculation ◽  
Forest Owners ◽  
The Past ◽  
Timber Sales ◽  
Basis Calculation

Abstract Forest owners are required to maintain complete and accurate accounting records of their timber transactions. This allows for proper allocation of basis, calculation of depletion allowance, and accurate calculation of tax due from timber sales. If accounting records are incomplete (basis allocation was not properly performed in the past), the forest owner and his or her accountant and forester will need to calculate the basis allocation that should have taken place in the past. The proper basis allocation and a methodology to allocate basis when records are incomplete are illustrated. South. J. Appl. For. 28(2):109–112.

scholarly journals Private Forest Owner Characteristics Affect European Spruce Bark Beetle Management under an Extreme Weather Event and Host Tree Density

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Maarten de Groot ◽  
Jurij Diaci ◽  
Kaja Kandare ◽  
Nike Krajnc ◽  
Rok Pisek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Owner ◽  
Private Forest ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Forest Owners ◽  
Forest Ownership ◽  
Private Owner ◽  
Owner Characteristics

In the last few decades, an increasing number and intensity of bark beetle outbreaks have plagued the forests of Europe and North America. Bark beetle management is directly related to forest owner characteristics, although this relationship is not well understood. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of forest owner characteristics on the amount and timing of sanitary felling under different disturbance regimes and quantities of Norway spruce. We combined different databases on sanitary felling, the timing of sanitary felling, and forest owner characteristics for Slovenia from 2014 to 2018 and analyzed the amount and timing of sanitary felling in relation to forest owner characteristics. We found that the timing in winter and the amount of sanitary felling were positively associated with the distance of the owner’s residence to the forest parcel. Larger parcels were more affected by bark beetles but did not have later timing of cutting in the summer period as was hypothesized. The timing of sanitary felling decreased with property size, while with the probability of sanitary felling, the effect of property depended on the ice storm and the amount of spruce. The size of the settlement, the permanent address of the private owner, and timing of sanitary felling were positively associated but also depended on the amount of spruce. Gender and age did not have an important influence on the amount and timing of sanitary felling. Forest owners are an important factor in effective bark beetle management. This study highlights the private forest ownership characteristics that should be emphasized in order to fight bark beetle outbreaks in the event of large-scale disturbances. Governments should support forest owners who are at greater risk of bark beetle outbreaks and less efficient in managing outbreaks. Furthermore, landowner characteristics should be included when forecasting bark beetle outbreaks.

scholarly journals Optimizing the Tending of Forest Stands with Interactive Decision Maps to Balance the Financial Incomes and Ecological Risks according to Owner Demands: Case Study in Rakovník, the Czech Republic

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 730
Author(s):  
Róbert Sedmák ◽  
Ján Tuček ◽  
Martina Levická ◽  
Denisa Sedmáková ◽  
Ján Bahýľ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Target Space ◽  
Forest Owner ◽  
Ecological Risks ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Forest Owners ◽  
Forest Ownership ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Interactive Decision Maps

Sustainability and the optimal provision of the various ecosystem services is an essential task in forest management. In this study, we deal with the optimization of forest tending to achieve the maximal long-term provision of financial incomes from wood at a minimal level of ecological risks for selected small ownership unit. The methods of interactive decision maps and reasonable goals (IDM/RGM) were connected with a modern forest growth simulator to investigate the four-dimensional optimization space and to produce the complete set of Pareto optimal solutions. The four different types of forest owners as potential decision-makers were simulated, and precise management goals in multidimensional target space were defined. Then, the optimal tending system for each forest owner in three stands, differing by the degree of the naturalness of the species composition, was detected. The multi-criteria analysis suggests that predominantly economically oriented forest management still prevails in the Czech and Slovak Republics, which can be as a source of conflicts among forest owners and other stakeholders. The existence of trade-offs between biodiversity, ecological stability and wood production and different owners’ demands must be taken into account. The possibility of balancing the management risks and wood provision according to the owner’s and other stakeholders’ demands with the aid of the easy-to-apply IDM/RGM methods (and the careful assistance of a specialist experienced in multi-criteria optimization) was introduced. At the same time, the application of real integrative management in small forest areas was demonstrated in practice. After the change of paradigm in forest management, the applied methods should prevent increasing conflicts among owners and society in former socialist countries, which have undergone a fundamental transformation in terms of forest ownership in recent decades.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE PROVISION OF INFRASTRUCTURE IN PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP HOUSING ESTATES IN ABUJA, NIGERIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abubakar Darda’u AbdulAzeez ◽  
Michael Ejugwu Owoicho ◽  
Yunusa Yusuf Badiru
Keyword(s):  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Sustainable Infrastructure ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Infrastructure Provision ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Housing Estates ◽  
Significant Factors

Housing is important to the wellbeing of humans, it goes beyond providing shelter alone. Without proper infrastructure provision, housing cannot be sustainable. Infrastructure provision plays a huge role in making a community or society habitable. Rapid population growth brings about high demand for housing and infrastructure as experienced in the country’s capital Abuja. Government’s inability to provide sufficient housing and infrastructure in the past brought about the public private partnership in housing delivery where government provides primary infrastructure to districts and private estate developers provides secondary infrastructure to estates. This arrangement have suffered setbacks, as subscribers of houses under this scheme suffer from little or no infrastructure provision leading to poor living and environmental conditions and many houses remain unoccupied. This research aims to assess the factors affecting the provision of infrastructure in public private partnership estates. From the research findings, the inability of government to provide primary infrastructure to districts (RII=0.89), insufficient finance (RII=0.87) and high interests on loan (RII=0.80) ranked as the most significant factors affecting the provision of infrastructure. It was concluded from the findings that government’s inability to provide primary infrastructure in districts and insufficient loans are the major hindrances to estate developers in the provision of infrastructures in housing estates. It is recommended that government should participate fully in the provision of infrastructure in districts and act as minority equity co-investor in future housing development projects. 

Simulation of non-stationary thermal fields from a buried thermally insulated pipeline and its diagnostics

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
N.A. Vaganova
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Underground Pipeline ◽  
Main Pipeline ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Thermal Fields ◽  
Thermal Imaging Equipment ◽  
Principal Possibility ◽  
Significant Factors

To detect damage to the underground pipeline, a mathematical model, allowing to take into account the most significant Factors affecting the distribution of temperature on the day surface. To implement this model, a software package has been developed and results of numerical calculations. With the help of these calculations, in particular, It is established that modern thermal imaging equipment has a principal possibility to determine an unauthorized frame in the main pipeline at a depth of two meters in clay soil.

scholarly journals The Level of Conus Medullaris in 629 Healthy Japanese Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3182
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Nakashima ◽  
Keigo Ito ◽  
Yoshito Katayama ◽  
Mikito Tsushima ◽  
Kei Ando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pelvic Tilt ◽  
Pelvic Incidence ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Conus Medullaris ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Adult Volunteers ◽  
Significant Factors

The conus medullaris typically terminates at the L1 level; however, variations in its level and the factors associated with the conus medullaris level are unclear. We investigated the level of conus medullaris on magnetic resonance imaging in healthy volunteers. In total, 629 healthy adult volunteers (≥50 individuals of each sex and in each decade of age from 20 to 70) were enrolled. The level of the conus medullaris was assessed based on the T2-weighted sagittal magnetic resonance images, and factors affecting its level were investigated employing multivariate regression analysis including the participants’ background and radiographical parameters. L1 was the most common conus medullaris level. Participant height was significantly shorter in the caudally placed conus medullaris (p = 0.013). With respect to the radiographical parameters, pelvic incidence (p = 0.003), and pelvic tilt (p = 0.03) were significantly smaller in participants with a caudally placed conus medullaris. Multiple regression analysis showed that the pelvic incidence (p < 0.0001) and height (p < 0.0001) were significant factors affecting the conus medullaris level. These results indicated that the length of the spinal cord varies little among individuals and that skeletal differences affect the level of the conus medullaris.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Secondary Traumatic Stress of Nurses Caring for COVID-19 Patients in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6843
Author(s):  
Mee Sun Lee ◽  
Sujin Shin ◽  
Eunmin Hong
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Secondary Traumatic Stress ◽  
Direct Care ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Affect Patient Care ◽  
Significant Factors

The secondary traumatic stress (STS) of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients is expected to be high, and it can adversely affect patient care. The purpose of this study was to examine the degree of STS of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients, and we identified various factors that influence STS. This study followed a descriptive design. The data of 136 nurses who had provided direct care to COVID-19 patients from 5 September to 26 September 2020 were collected online. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors influencing STS. Participants experienced moderate levels of STS. The regression model of Model 1 was statistically significant (F = 6.21, p < 0.001), and the significant factors influencing STS were the duration of care for patients with COVID-19 for more than 30 days (β = 0.28, p < 0.001) and working in an undesignated COVID-19 hospital (β = 0.21, p = 0.038). In Model 2, the factor influencing STS was the support of a friend in the category of social support (β = −0.21, p = 0.039). The nurses caring for COVID-19 patients are experiencing a persistent and moderate level of STS. This study can be used as basic data to treat and prevent STS.

scholarly journals Seasonality of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and Single Ventricle Heart in Poland in the Context of Air Pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3207
Author(s):  
Iwona Strzelecka ◽  
Małgorzata Biedrzycka ◽  
Filip Franciszek Karuga ◽  
Bartosz Szmyd ◽  
Katarzyna Batarowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome ◽  
Single Ventricle ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Left Heart ◽  
Target Level ◽  
Hypoplastic Left Heart ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Left Heart Syndrome ◽  
Significant Factors

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and single ventricle (SV) remain a significant cause of cardiac deaths occurring in the first week of life. Their pathogenesis and seasonal frequency are still unknown. Therefore, we attempt to look at the genesis of the HLHS and SV in the context of territorial distribution as well as seasonality. A total of 193 fetuses diagnosed with HLHS and 92 with SV were selected. The frequency was analyzed depending on the year, calendar month, quarter and season (fall-winter vs. spring-summer). The spatial distribution of HLHS and SV in Poland was analyzed. We observed a statistically significant overrepresentation of HLHS formation frequency in March: 27 (14.00%) in comparison to a monthly median of 15 (IQR: 13.75–16.25; p = 0.039), as well as a significantly higher frequency of HLHS in 2007−2009: 65 cases (33.68%) in comparison to the annual mean of 13.79 ± 6.36 (p < 0.001). We noted a higher frequency of SV among parous with the last menstrual period reported in the fall/winter season of 58 vs. 34 in the spring/summer season (p = 0.014). The performed analysis also revealed significant SV overrepresentation in 2008: 11 cases (12.00%) in comparison to the annual mean of 6.57 ± 2.71 (p = 0.016). Every single case of HLHS was observed when the concentration of benzo(a)pyrene and/or PM10 exceeded the acceptable/target level. Our research indicates that both the season and the level of pollution are significant factors affecting the health of parous women and their offspring. The reason why HLHS and SV develop more frequently at certain times of the year remains unclear, therefore research on this topic should be continued, as well as on the effects of PM10 and benzo(a)pyrene exposure.

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