scholarly journals Increased Forest Soil CO2 and N2O Emissions During Insect Infestation

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Grüning ◽  
Franziska Germeshausen ◽  
Carsten Thies ◽  
Anne l.-M.-Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Forest Pests ◽  
Needle Litter ◽  
Decomposition Processes ◽  
One Year ◽  
Nun Moth

Forest soils are major sinks of terrestrial carbon, but this function may be threatened by mass outbreak events of forest pests. Here, we measured soil CO2-C and N2O-N fluxes from a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest that was heavily infested by the nun moth (Lymantria monacha L.) and an adjacent noninfested (control) forest site during one year. In the infested forest, net emissions of CO2-C were higher during main defoliation, summer and autumn, while indications of increased N2O-N emissions were found at one sampling date. On basis of this, a microcosm incubation experiment with different organic matter treatments was conducted. Soil treatments with needle litter, insect feces plus needle litter, and insect feces showed 3.7-, 10.6-, and 13.5-fold higher CO2-C emissions while N2O-N of the insect feces plus needle litter, and insect feces treatment was 8.9-, and 10.4-fold higher compared with soil treatments without added organic matter (control). Hence, the defoliation in combination with high inputs of organic matter during insect outbreaks distinctly accelerate decomposition processes in pine forest soils, which in turn alters forests nutrient cycling and the functioning of forests as carbon sinks.

Pilot-plant experiments for improvement of polluted canal/klong water by rock-bed filtration

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Shigeo Fujii ◽  
Chiaki Niwa ◽  
Mitsuo Mouri ◽  
Ranjna Jindal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Removal Mechanism ◽  
Soluble Organic Matter ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Rock Bed ◽  
One Year ◽  
Filtration Technique

Applicability of the rock-bed filtration technique was investigated through pilot-plant experiments in Bangkok, Thailand. Polluted canal water was used as horizontal flow influent to two reactor channels filled with rocks. During one year operation, HRT, filter media, and aeration mode, were changed in several runs. The results showed that 1) the rock-bed filtration with aeration and the HRT more than 6 h can successfully improve polluted klong water by reducing the pollutants (e.g. 60-120mg/L of SS to 20-40 mg/L and 15-30 mg/L of BOD to 5-20 mg/L); 2) main removal mechanism seems to be the sedimentation resulting from the settleability enhanced by aeration, and the biofilm attached onto rocks also works in the reduction of soluble organic matter; 3) a combination of three rock sizes arranged in descending order showed best results; 4) longer HRT (13 h) produces better effluent but is not so effective if it exceeds 9 hours; 5) 60-70% of sediment IL was decomposed in a year, and porosity in rock beds reduced approximately 16%.

scholarly journals Effect of Biofertilizers Application on Soil Biodiversity and Litter Degradation in a Commercial Apricot Orchard

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1116
Author(s):  
Elena Baldi ◽  
Paola Gioacchini ◽  
Daniela Montecchio ◽  
Stefano Mocali ◽  
Livio Antonielli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Decomposition Processes ◽  
Dta Analysis ◽  
Litter Deposition ◽  
Litter Degradation ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
One Year

The aim of the present experiment was to determine if the supply of biofertilizers could differently stimulate the native microbiota, thus determining different patterns of organic material decomposition processes. The microbial composition of soil and litter was investigated by next generation sequencing using a metabarcoding approach. The chemical structure of the decomposing litterbags was investigated through the TG-DTA analysis and NIR spectroscopy. The study was conducted in an apricot orchard in Italy, and two different type of biofertilizers (AMF and Trichoderma spp.) were compared to unfertilized control over one year. Bacteria and fungi in soil, 162 days from litter deposition, evidenced differentiated clusters for control and both biofertilizers; on the other hand, only fungal composition of litterbags was modified as a consequence of Trichoderma spp. supply; no effect was observed in the bacterial community of litterbags. NIR and TG-DTA analysis evidenced a significant change over time of the chemical composition of litterbags with a faster degradation as a consequence of Trichoderma spp. supply testified by a higher degradation coefficient (1.9) than control (1.6) and AMF (1.7). The supply of biofertilizers partially modified the bacteria community of soil, while Trichoderma spp. Influenced the fungal community of the litter. Moreover, Trichoderma spp. Evidenced a faster and higher degradation of litter than AMF-biofertilizers, laying the foundation for an efficient use in orchard.

scholarly journals Assessment of Soil Organic Carbon Stock of Temperate Coniferous Forests in Northern Kashmir

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-178
Author(s):  
Davood A. Dar ◽  
Bhawana Pathak ◽  
M. H. Fulekar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Stock ◽  
Organic Carbon Stock

 Soil organic carbon (SOC) estimation in temperate forests of the Himalaya is important to estimate their contribution to regional, national and global carbon stocks. Physico chemical properties of soil were quantified to assess soil organic carbon density (SOC) and SOC CO2 mitigation density at two soil depths (0-10 and 10-20 cms) under temperate forest in the Northern region of Kashmir Himalayas India. The results indicate that conductance, moisture content, organic carbon and organic matter were significantly higher while as pH and bulk density were lower at Gulmarg forest site. SOC % was ranging from 2.31± 0.96 at Gulmarg meadow site to 2.31 ± 0.26 in Gulmarg forest site. SOC stocks in these temperate forests were from 36.39 ±15.40 to 50.09 ± 15.51 Mg C ha-1. The present study reveals that natural vegetation is the main contributor of soil quality as it maintained the soil organic carbon stock. In addition, organic matter is an important indicator of soil quality and environmental parameters such as soil moisture and soil biological activity change soil carbon sequestration potential in temperate forest ecosystems.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12186International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2014/15; page: 161-178

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of the chemical composition and thermal stability of particulate organic matter in French forest soils

Geoderma ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 342 ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Soucémarianadin ◽  
Lauric Cécillon ◽  
Claire Chenu ◽  
François Baudin ◽  
Manuel Nicolas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Soil organic matter is important for acid buffering and reducing aluminum leaching from acidic forest soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 501 ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Jiang ◽  
Ying-Ping Wang ◽  
Mengxiao Yu ◽  
Nannan Cao ◽  
Junhua Yan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Acid Buffering

scholarly journals Significance of soil respiration from biological activity in the degradation processes of different types of organic matter

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Total Soil

Soil respiration is a major component of global carbon cycle. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the environmental controls on soil respiration for evaluating potential response of ecosystems to climate change. In a temperate deciduous forest (located in Northern-Hungary) we added or removed aboveground and belowground litter to determine total soil respiration. We investigated the relationship between total soil CO2 efflux, soil moisture, and soil temperature. Soil CO2 efflux was measured at each plot using soda-lime method. Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q10) was monitored via measuring soil temperature on an hourly basis, while soil moisture was determined monthly. Soil respiration increased in control plots from the second year after implementing the treatment, but results showed fluctuations from one year to another. The effect of doubled litter was less significant than the effect of removal. Removed litter and root inputs caused substantial decrease in soil respiration. We found that temperature was more influential in the control of soil respiration than soil moisture. In plots with no litter Q10 varied in the largest interval. For treatment with doubled litter layer, temperature sensitivity of CO2 efflux did not change considerably. The effect of increasing soil temperature is more conspicuous to soil respiration in litter removal treatments since lack of litter causes greater irradiation. When exclusively leaf litter was considered, the effect of temperature on soil respiration was lower in treatments with added litter than with removed litter. Our results reveal that soil life is impacted by the absence of organic matter, rather than by an excess of organic matter. Results of CO2 emission from soils with different organic matter content can contribute to sustainable land use, considering the changed climatic factors caused by global climate change.

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