scholarly journals Pedunculate and Sessile Mixed Oak Forest Regeneration Process in Lithuania

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Girmantė Jurkšienė ◽  
Virginijus Baliuckas
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Regeneration Process ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Grass Cover ◽  
Sessile Oak

Pedunculate and sessile oak species are sympatric. These oaks hybridize with one another, and this process influences the development of undergrowth. The purpose of this study was to determine how different oak species influence the forest regeneration process. For this purpose, the forest was divided into eight transects of 300 m and 100 m widths, distinguished into temporary plots of 10 m in diameter covering the whole territory of the forest. The distribution of oak undergrowth was calculated by four oak height groups, determining the composition of the first storey, covering of underbrush and herbaceous plant, and forest site. We determined that the spread of oak differed depending on the first storey tree species and underbrush. Grass cover was the biggest influence on the sessile oak. The impurity of sessile oak in oak stands had a positive impact on the development of undergrowth, since the entire undergrowth develops faster than separate components of the undergrowth.

scholarly journals Success factors for high-quality oak forest (Quercus robur, Q. petraea) regeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Mölder ◽  
Holger Sennhenn-Reulen ◽  
Christoph Fischer ◽  
Hendrik Rumpf ◽  
Egbert Schönfelder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Oak Regeneration ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Northwest Germany ◽  
Commercial Thinning

Abstract Background Within the framework of close-to-nature forestry, oak forest (Quercus robur, Q. petraea) regeneration techniques that consider both silvicultural and nature conservation demands have become a very important issue. While there are many experimental and local studies that aim at disentangling the relationships between different environmental and silvicultural factors and the success of oak regeneration, systematic supra-regional studies at the greater landscape level are missing so far. Against this background, the first objective (a) of this study was to present an efficient and sufficiently accurate sampling scheme for supra-regional forest regrowth inventories, which we applied to young oaks stands. The second, and major, objective (b) was to identify the crucial success factors for high-quality oak forest regeneration in northwest Germany. Results Objective (a): Factors that have been identified as potentially crucial for the success or failure of oak regeneration were either included in a field inventory procedure or extracted from forest inventory databases. We found that the collected data were suitable to be analyzed in a three-step success model, which was aimed at identifying the crucial success factors for high-quality oak forest regeneration. Objective (b): Our modeling procedure, which included a Bayesian estimation approach with spike-and-slab priors, revealed that competitive pressure from the secondary tree species was the most decisive success factor; no competition, or low competition by secondary tree species appeared to be particularly beneficial for the success of high-quality oak regeneration. Also fencing and the absence of competitive vegetation (weeds, grass, bracken) seemed to be beneficial factors for the success of oak regeneration. Conclusions Trusting in biological automation was found to be mostly useless regarding economically viable oak forest regeneration. To efficiently organize oak regeneration planning and silvicultural decision-making within a forest enterprise, it is strongly recommended to initially evaluate the annual financial and personnel capacities for carrying out young growth tending or pre-commercial thinning and only then to decide on the extent of regenerated oak stands. Careful and adaptive regeneration planning is also indispensable to secure the long-term ecological continuity in oak forests. Oak regeneration should therefore preferably take place within the close vicinity of old oak stands or directly in them. The retention of habitat trees is urgently advised.

scholarly journals Regeneration Dynamics and Development of Seedlings in Sessile Oak Forests in Relation to the Light Availability and Competing Vegetation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Branko Kanjevac ◽  
Milun Krstić ◽  
Violeta Babić ◽  
Zoran Govedar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Natural regeneration of sessile oak forests is a complex process whose final outcome is influenced by numerous factors. The initial phase of development of sessile oak seedlings stands out as the most critical period in the process of natural regeneration of sessile oak forests. As the available light and competition from the accompanying woody species and ground vegetation are some of the main predictors of the success of sessile oak forest regeneration, this paper presents the results of studying the influence of these factors on the regeneration dynamics and development of sessile oak seedlings. The research was conducted in sessile oak forests in northeastern Serbia in the period from 2015 to 2020. At the end of the growing season each year, the following data were collected on 180 smaller sampling plots of 1 m2 in different conditions of canopy openness: the number, height, and root collar diameter of sessile oak seedlings. Also, the percent cover of competing woody species and ground vegetation was estimated on these sample plots. The obtained results indicated that the success of sessile oak forest regeneration largely depends on the initial number of sessile oak seedlings and silvicultural treatments during the rejuvenation period, which determine the microclimatic conditions in the stand and control the competing vegetation. They also indicate that with an increase in the available light, the impact of the competing vegetation on the dynamics of regeneration and development of sessile oak seedlings is less pronounced. Accordingly, as young sessile oak seedlings need a large amount of light for survival and development, it is necessary to increase the available amount of light intensively in a short period of time (six–eight years) by reducing canopy openness and thus providing optimal conditions in which sessile oak seedlings can gain an advantage over the competing vegetation.

scholarly journals The composition and diversity of natural regeneration of tree species in gaps under different intensities of forest disturbance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maame Esi Hammond ◽  
Radek Pokorný ◽  
Daniel Okae-Anti ◽  
Augustine Gyedu ◽  
Irene Otwuwa Obeng
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Gap Formation ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Shade Tolerant Species ◽  
Disturbed Forest

AbstractThe positive ecological interaction between gap formation and natural regeneration has been examined but little research has been carried out on the effects of gaps on natural regeneration in forests under different intensities of disturbance. This study evaluates the composition, diversity, regeneration density and abundance of natural regeneration of tree species in gaps in undisturbed, intermittently disturbed, and disturbed forest sites. Bia Tano Forest Reserve in Ghana was the study area and three gaps each were selected in the three forest site categories. Ten circular subsampling areas of 1 m2 were delineated at 2 m spacing along north, south, east, and west transects within individual gaps. Data on natural regeneration < 350 cm height were gathered. The results show that the intensity of disturbance was disproportional to gap size. Species diversity differed significantly between undisturbed and disturbed sites and, also between intermittently disturbed and disturbed sites for Simpson’s (1-D), Equitability (J), and Berger–Parker (B–P) indices. However, there was no significant difference among forest sites for Shannon diversity (H) and Margalef richness (MI) indices. Tree species composition on the sites differed. Regeneration density on the disturbed site was significantly higher than on the two other sites. Greater abundance and density of shade-dependent species on all sites identified them as opportunistic replacements of gap-dependent pioneers. Pioneer species giving way to shade tolerant species is a natural process, thus make them worst variant in gap regeneration.

scholarly journals Do we need to adapt the choice of main boreal tree species in forest regeneration under the projected climate change?

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piritta Torssonen ◽  
Harri Strandman ◽  
Seppo Kellomäki ◽  
Antti Kilpeläinen ◽  
Kirsti Jylhä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Regeneration

Penetration of weeds into the herbaceous understorey and soil seed bank of a Turkey oak-sessile oak forest in Hungary

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Koncz ◽  
P. Török ◽  
M. Papp ◽  
G. Matus ◽  
B. Tóthmérész
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Turkey Oak

scholarly journals Stand Structure, Productivity and Carbon Sequestration Potential of Oak Dominated Forests in Kumaun Himalaya

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 466-476
Author(s):  
Bijendra Lal ◽  
L.S. Lodhiyal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Oak Tree ◽  
Quercus Leucotrichophora

Present study deals with stand structure, biomass, productivity and carbon sequestration in oak dominated forests mixed with other broad leaved tree species. The sites of studied forests were located in Nainital region between 29058’ N lat. and 79028’ E long at 1500-2150 m elevation. Tree density of forests ranged from 980-1100 ind.ha-1. Of this, oak trees shared 69-97%. The basal area of trees was 31.81 to 63.93 m2 ha-1. R. arboreum and Q. floribunda shared maximum basal area 16.45 and 16.32 m2 ha-1, respectively in forest site-1 and 2 while Quercus leucotrichophora shared maximum (35.69 m2 ha-1) in site-3. The biomass and primary productivity of tree species ranged from 481-569 t ha-1 and 16.9-20.9 t ha-1yr-1, respectively. Of this, biomass and primary productivity of oak tree species accounted for 81 to 95 and 78 to 98%, respectively. Carbon stock and carbon sequestration ranged from 228 to 270 t ha-1 and 8.0 to 9.9 t ha-1yr-1, respectively. The share of oak tree species ranged from 81 to 94.7 and 79 to 97%, respectively. The diversity of tree species ranged from 0.03 to 0.16 in forest sites-1, 2 and 3. The diversity of oak species was 0.08-0.16 in all the forest sites. Thus it is concluded that among the oak tree species, Quercus floribunda and Quercus leucotrichophora were highly dominated in the studied forests. The climax form of oak dominated trees in the studied forest sites depicted slightly lower richness and diversity of tree species compared to the forests in the region and elsewhere. As far as dry matter and carbon of forests is concerned, these estimates are close to the earlier reports of forests in the region. Therefore, studied forests have the potential to increase the diversity, productivity and carbon sequestration of forest tree species by providing the adequate scientific conservation and management inputs.

scholarly journals A contribution to the sessile oak site and beech site defining in central Serbia

2009 ◽  
pp. 143-158
Author(s):  
Milun Krstic ◽  
Bojana Cevrljakovic
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Altitudinal Belt ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Heat Potential ◽  
Tree Number ◽  
Broadleaf Species ◽  
Weighted Values

The study was carried out in sessile oak forests and beech forests in the region central Serbia. The stands are classified as pure stands with the percentage of other species up to 10% per tree number, mixed forests of sessile oak with other species, and mixed forests of beech with other species, whose percentage does not exceed 50%. Altogether 257 stands were monitored - 202 beech stands and 55 sessile oak stands. By the applied method of defining the local heat potential (Lujic, 1960), modified by Ratknic et al. (2001) and Krstic (2004, 2008), which represents possibility of soil heating without vegetation, were determined. In this way, a scale of 162 possible combinations of local heat potential was obtained, which explains more precisely the dependence of beech stands and sessile oak stands on the topographic conditions. By applying the weighted values of the thermal co-ordinates of aspect and slope (E) for each altitudinal belt of 100 m, it was concluded that pure stands have the widest ecological range. Pure beech stands occur at the sites with 34 combinations of thermal co-ordinates E.V=4.6 to 8.12. Pure sessile oak stands occur at the sites with 12 combinations of thermal co-ordinates E.V=5.10 to 8.11. The percentage of mixed beech stands with other broadleaf species is the highest at the sites with the co-ordinate V=10-11 (at the altitudes between 700 and 900 m) is about 60 %. Mixed stands of sessile oak and beech are located on the terrains with combinations of thermal co-ordinates E.V=7.9 to 8.12. By using the local heat potential of a region, it can be identified which sites, i.e. which combinations of exposure, slope and altitude belong to the particular tree species. Consequently, a more reliable selection of tree species can be done for the bio-reclamation of barrens and other deforested terrains.

scholarly journals General regularities of height-diameter curves in Hungarian oak, sessile oak and Turkey oak high forests

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Roumen Petrin
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Relative Height ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Turkey Oak

The height-diameter curves of natural even-aged Hungarian oak, sessile oak and Turkey oak forests in the regions of Staro Oryahovo, Sherba, Tsonevo and Aytos Forestry Districts have been studied. In order to explore the shape of the curves and, in particular, their steepness, the steepness index SI of Douhovnikov (&ldquo;the method of natural indicators&rdquo;) was applied. The curves were divided into three groups according to it: flat curves, medium steep curves and steep curves. Both the traditional height-diameter curves and the corresponding relative curves of Tyurin were studied. Consideration of the traditional height-diameter curves gives a certain ground for investigating to-gether the height-diameter curves of Hungarian oak and sessile oak, disregarding the tree species. This inference was confirmed by comparing the relative height-diameter curves for Hungarian oak, sessile oak and Turkey oak with Tyurin&rsquo;s uniform curve of relative heights. For these comparisons we used the Willcoxon test. A statistically significant great proximity in their shapes was found. As a uniform average curve of relative heights has been established for all tree species, this proximity indicates a possibility of creating a single fan of height-diameter curves for high Hungarian, sessile and Turkey oak.

scholarly journals Phytocenological and edaphic characteristics of sessile oak forests on Miroc Mt in northeastern Serbia

2013 ◽  
pp. 27-55
Author(s):  
Rade Cvjeticanin ◽  
Olivera Kosanin ◽  
Milun Krstic ◽  
Marko Perovic ◽  
Marijana Novakovic-Vukovic
Keyword(s):  
Beech Forest ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Natural Stands

This research was carried out in natural stands of sessile oak (Quercus petraea agg. Ehrendorfer 1967) on Miroc mountain. Three comunities were investigated: Pure sessile oak forest (Quercetum montanum Cer. et Jov. 1953. s.l.), sessile oak-common hornbeam forest (Querco-Carpinetum moesiacum Rud. 1949. s.l.) and sessile oak-balkan beech forest (Querco-Fagetum Glis. 1971). Pure sessile oak forests are found on the following soils: dystric ranker and acid cambic soil on sandstone, dystric ranker and acid cambisols on phyllite, and acid cambic soil on schists. Sessile oak-hornbeam forests grow on sandstone, granite and schists. Sessile oak-beech forests are found on acid cambisol on phyllite and sandstone conglomerate. Various ecological conditions (exposition, slope, altitude, soil types and bedrock) on Mt Miroc caused the occurence of diverse sessile oak forest communities, while different states of these forest stands resulted from the implementation of management measures.

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