scholarly journals Chl Fluorescence Parameters and Leaf Reflectance Indices Allow Monitoring Changes in the Physiological Status of Quercus ilex L. under Progressive Water Deficit

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domingo Sancho-Knapik ◽  
Óscar Mendoza-Herrer ◽  
Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín ◽  
José Peguero-Pina
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Leaf Reflectance ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Reflectance Indices ◽  
Chl Fluorescence

scholarly journals Norway Spruce Seedlings from an Eastern Baltic Provenance Show Tolerance to Simulated Drought

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Roberts Matisons ◽  
Oskars Krišāns ◽  
Āris Jansons ◽  
Toms Kondratovičs ◽  
Didzis Elferts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Drought Sensitivity ◽  
Irrigation Intensity ◽  
Eastern Baltic

In Northern Europe, an increase in heterogeneity of summer precipitation regime will subject forests to water deficit and drought. This is particularly topical for Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.), which is a drought sensitive, yet economically important species. Nevertheless, local populations still might be highly plastic and tolerant, supporting their commercial application. Accordingly, the tolerance of Norway spruce seedlings from an Eastern Baltic provenance (western part of Latvia) to artificial drought according to soil type was assessed in a shelter experiment. To simulate drought, seedlings were subjected to reduced amounts (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of naturally occurring precipitation (irrigation intensity). Three soil types (oligotrophic mineral, mesotrophic mineral, and peat) were tested. Seedling height, chlorophyll a concentration, and fluorescence parameters were measured. Both growth and photochemical reactions were affected by the irrigation intensity, the effect of which experienced an interacted with soil type, implying complex controls of drought sensitivity. Seedlings were more sensitive to irrigation intensity on mesotrophic mineral soil, as suggested by growth and photosynthetic activity. However, the responses were nonlinear, as the highest performance (growth and fluorescence parameters) of seedlings occurred in response to intermediate drought. On peat soil, which had the highest water-bearing capacity, an inverse response to irrigation intensity was observed. In general, fluorescence parameters were more sensitive and showed more immediate reaction to soil water deficit than concentration of chlorophyll on mesotrophic mineral and peat soils, while the latter was a better indicator of seedling performance on oligotrophic soil. This indicated considerable plastic acclimation and hence tolerance of seedlings from the local Norway spruce population to drought, though drought sensitivity is age-dependent.

scholarly journals Different belowground responses to elevated ozone and soil water deficit in three European oak species (Quercus ilex, Q. pubescens and Q. robur)

2019 ◽  
Vol 651 ◽  
pp. 1310-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Mrak ◽  
Ines Štraus ◽  
Tine Grebenc ◽  
Jožica Gričar ◽  
Yasutomo Hoshika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
European Oak

scholarly journals How drought severity constrains gross primary production(GPP) and its partitioning among carbon pools in a <i>Quercus ilex</i> coppice?

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6855-6869 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rambal ◽  
M. Lempereur ◽  
J. M. Limousin ◽  
N. K. Martin-StPaul ◽  
J. M. Ourcival ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystem

Abstract. The partitioning of photosynthates toward biomass compartments plays a crucial role in the carbon (C) sink function of forests. Few studies have examined how carbon is allocated toward plant compartments in drought-prone forests. We analyzed the fate of gross primary production (GPP) in relation to yearly water deficit in an old evergreen Mediterranean Quercus ilex coppice severely affected by water limitations. Carbon fluxes between the ecosystem and the atmosphere were measured with an eddy covariance flux tower running continuously since 2001. Discrete measurements of litterfall, stem growth and fAPAR allowed us to derive annual productions of leaves, wood, flowers and acorns, and an isometric relationship between stem and belowground biomass has been used to estimate perennial belowground growth. By combining eddy covariance fluxes with annual net primary productions (NPP), we managed to close a C budget and derive values of autotrophic, heterotrophic respirations and carbon-use efficiency (CUE; the ratio between NPP and GPP). Average values of yearly net ecosystem production (NEP), GPP and Reco were 282, 1259 and 977 g C m−2. The corresponding aboveground net primary production (ANPP) components were 142.5, 26.4 and 69.6 g C m−2 for leaves, reproductive effort (flowers and fruits) and stems, respectively. NEP, GPP and Reco were affected by annual water deficit. Partitioning to the different plant compartments was also impacted by drought, with a hierarchy of responses going from the most affected – the stem growth – to the least affected – the leaf production. The average CUE was 0.40, which is well in the range for Mediterranean-type forest ecosystems. CUE tended to decrease less drastically in response to drought than GPP and NPP did, probably due to drought acclimation of autotrophic respiration. Overall, our results provide a baseline for modeling the inter-annual variations of carbon fluxes and allocation in this widespread Mediterranean ecosystem, and they highlight the value of maintaining continuous experimental measurements over the long term.

scholarly journals Leaf Canopy Layers Affect Spectral Reflectance in Silver Birch

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 2884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Deepak ◽  
Sarita Keski-Saari ◽  
Laure Fauch ◽  
Lars Granlund ◽  
Elina Oksanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Canopy Reflectance ◽  
Canopy Layer ◽  
Leaf Reflectance ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Reflectance Indices

The availability of light within the tree canopy affects various leaf traits and leaf reflectance. We determined the leaf reflectance variation from 400 nm to 2500 nm among three canopy layers and cardinal directions of three genetically identical cloned silver birches growing at the same common garden site. The variation in the canopy layer was evident in the principal component analysis (PCA), and the influential wavelengths responsible for variation were identified using the variable importance in projection (VIP) based on partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Leaf traits, such as chlorophyll, nitrogen, dry weight, and specific leaf area (SLA), also showed significant variation among the canopy layers. We found a shift in the red edge inflection point (REIP) for the canopy layers. The canopy layers contribute to the variability in the reflectance indices. We conclude that the largest variation was among the canopy layers, whereas the differences among individual trees to the leaf reflectance were relatively small. This implies that within-tree variation due to the canopy layer should be taken into account in the estimation of intraspecific variation in the canopy reflectance.

Reflectance indices as nondestructive indicators of the physiological status of Ceratonia siliqua seedlings under varying moisture and temperature regimes

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlio Osório ◽  
Maria Leonor Osório ◽  
Anabela Romano
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua ◽  
Reflectance Indices

We investigated the use of spectral reflectance techniques to monitor the physiological responses of Ceratonia siliqua L. seedlings exposed to different levels of water availability under normal (25 : 18°C, day : night) and elevated (32 : 21°C, day : night) temperatures. Three spectral reflectance indices (photochemical reflectance index, PRI; water index, WI; red edge position, REP) were measured along with water status, chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll concentration variables in the leaves of well watered, moderately stressed, severely stressed and rehydrated plants under each temperature regime. The PSII effective photochemical efficiency (φ2) and the intrinsic efficiency of open PSII centres (F′v/F′m) correlated significantly with PRI, and these three variables loaded heavily onto the same principal component of a three-factor principal component analysis solution. Water concentration (WC) and the succulence index (SI) were more strongly correlated with WI than either water potential (ΨPD) or relative water content (RWC). Accordingly, WI, WC and SI were combined in the second principal component, and ΨPD and RWC in the third. Our results provide clear evidence for interaction between water availability and temperature in the WI and the PRI response segments of the reflectance curves. Elevated temperature inhibited the recovery of WI spectral segments more than that of the PRI segments in SS plants. REP showed a strongly positive linear relationship with leaf total chlorophyll concentration across all water and temperature treatment combinations. PRI, WI and REP are therefore reliable markers that can be used to monitor φ2, WC and total chlorophyll concentration, respectively, in C. siliqua seedlings under drought and temperature stress.

Changes in photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and antioxidant enzymes of mulberry (Morus ssp.) in response to salinity and high-temperature stress

Biologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui Yu ◽  
Shujun Huang ◽  
Xingming Hu ◽  
Wen Deng ◽  
Chao Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Photosystem Ii Photochemistry ◽  
Chl Fluorescence

AbstractPhotosynthesis, chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence, and antioxidant enzymes were measured in the mulberry (Morus spp.) cultivars Da 10, Hongguo 2, Anza 1, and Taiwan 72C002, which were subjected to salinity and high-temperature stress (STS; 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% NaCl concentrations, 34.5°C–40.5°C/27.8°C–29.2°C day/night temperatures). Control plants were watered with 1 L of full-strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution with no added NaCl. Net photosynthetic rate (P N), stomatal conductance (g s), and effective quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (ΦPSII) increased in Anza 1 and Taiwan 72C002 under 0.1% STS but decreased in Da 10 and Hongguo 2 compared with the control. However, all the above parameters, including Chl content, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (Fv/Fm), nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), and maximum carboxylation velocity of Rubisco (V cmax, decreased in Taiwan 72C002, Honggua 2, and Da 10 under 0.3% and 0.5% STS, suggesting that photoinhibition occurred under severe STS. Under STS, there were no significant changes in P N, Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase activity, superoxide anion radical (O2−) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, soluble sugar content (SSC), and leaf biomass in Anza 1 even at 0.5% STS, showing that Anza 1 displays high resistance to STS. In addition, peroxidase activity was significantly higher in Anza 1 than in the other mulberry cultivars. Significant adverse effects of severe salinity on photosynthesis and Chl fluorescence parameters were observed in Da 10. Additionally, SOD, peroxidase, and APX activities were lower in Da 10, whereas O2− and MDA contents were higher in comparison with the other mulberry cultivars under 0.3% and 0.5% STS, suggesting that Da 10 had low resistance to STS. These results show that 0.1% STS had a positive effect on photosynthesis and Chl fluorescence parameters in Anza 1 and Taiwan 72C002, and higher peroxidase activity can to a certain extent explain the higher STS tolerance in Anza 1. Damages to DSM photosystems might be related to lower SOD, POD, and APX activities, which resulted in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species.

The effect of shock freezing on physiological properties and consequent growth of Antarctic filamentous (Stigeoclonium sp.) and coccal alga (Diplosphaera chodatii) on agar plates

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Alla Orekhova ◽  
Miloš Barták ◽  
Aleyna Özkar ◽  
Josef Elster
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Subzero Temperatures ◽  
Physiological Properties

In this study, we investigated the effects of shock freezing on physiological properties and consequent growth of in the Antarctic alga Stigeoclonium sp. and comparative coccal alga Diplosphaera chodatii on agar plates. Culture of algae grown in liquid medium were used to study subzero temperatures on the species resistance to shock freezing. Then, microalgae were frozen in liquid nitrogen and inoculated on BBM agar after thawing. Physiological status of algae was evaluated by chlorophyll fluorescence parameters during 28 days. The results showed that interspecific differences existed in their tolerance to shock freezing, as well as their consequent growth rate on agars. Direct effects of freezing in liquid nitrogen was demonstrated in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters recorded immediately after thawing the samples (in liquid medium). In spite of the fact that majority of cells was destroyed by shock freezing, the potential of photochemical processes in PS II (FV/FM) remained constant in D. chodatii. It may indicate high resistance of the species to freezing/thawing cycles and a capability of the surviving cells, core chlorophylls in PS II respectively, to perform photosynthetic processes related to PS II. Contrastingly, Stigeoclonium sp. showed a shock freezing-dependent decrease in FV/FM. When shock-frozen, thawed and inoculated on agar plates, the culture of D. chodatii, and Stigeoclonium sp. showed cultivation time-dependent increase in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (FV/FM, FS).

Water deficit disrupts male gametophyte development in Quercus ilex

Plant Biology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Bykova ◽  
J.-M. Limousin ◽  
J.-M. Ourcival ◽  
I. Chuine
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Gametophyte Development ◽  
Male Gametophyte Development

scholarly journals Silicon and boron mitigate the effects of water deficit on sunflower

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose M. G. Neves ◽  
Leonardo A. de Aquino ◽  
Paulo G. Berger ◽  
Júlio C. L. Neves ◽  
Genelício C. Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Dolomitic Limestone ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ca and Mg silicate and B on the gas exchange, leaf water potential and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in the sunflower variety Embrapa 122 -V2000 under water stress conditions. The trial was conducted in Red Yellow Latosol with very clayey texture, with contrasting levels of Si and B and subjected to water deficit. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 24 factorial arrangement, with five replicates. Treatments consisted of the combination of two acidity corrective agents (calcium magnesium silicate and dolomitic limestone), two levels of base saturation (30 and 70%), two levels of B (0.18 mg dm-3 - value available in the soil and 1.20 mg dm-3) and two water regimes (with and without water stress from the beginning of flowering). It can be concluded that the supply of Si and B can reduce the damage to sunflower caused by water stress.

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