scholarly journals Bringing the Natives Back: Identifying and Alleviating Establishment Limitations of Native Hardwood Species in a Conifer Plantation

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Tsen Li ◽  
Yueh-Hsin Lo ◽  
Yi-Ching Lin ◽  
Biing Guan ◽  
Juan Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Conifer Plantation

Two American Hardwood Species of Endoconidiophora Described as New

Mycologia ◽  
1944 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross W. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Hardwood Species

Variation in canopy gap formation among developmental stages of northern hardwood stands

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1875-1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally E. Dahir ◽  
Craig G. Lorimer
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Gap Formation ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Shade Tolerant Species ◽  
Mature Stands

Trends in gap dynamics among pole, mature, and old-growth northern hardwood stands were investigated on eight sites in the Porcupine Mountains of western upper Michigan. Recent gaps (created between 1981 and 1992) were identified using permanent plot records of tree mortality, while older gaps (1940–1981) were identified using stand reconstruction techniques. Although canopy gaps were somewhat more numerous in pole and mature stands, gaps were <25% as large as those in old-growth stands because of smaller gap-maker size, and the proportion of stand area turned over in gaps was only about half as large. Gap makers in younger stands generally had mean relative diameters (ratio of gap-maker DBH to mean DBH of canopy trees) <1.0 and were disproportionately from minor species such as eastern hophornbeam (Ostryavirginiana (Mill.) K. Koch). Gap makers in old-growth stands had mean relative diameters >1.5 and were predominantly from the dominant canopy species. Even in old-growth forests, most gaps were small (mean 44 m2) and created by single trees. Based on the identity of the tallest gap tree in each gap, nearly all shade-tolerant and midtolerant species have been successful in capturing gaps, but gap capture rates for some species were significantly different from their relative density in the upper canopy. The tallest gap trees of shade-tolerant species were often formerly overtopped trees, averaging more than 60% of the mean canopy height and having mean ages of 65–149 years. Canopy turnover times, based on gap formation rates over a 50-year period, were estimated to average 128 years for old-growth stands dominated by sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) and 192 years for old-growth stands dominated by hemlock (Tsugacanadensis (L.) Carrière). While these estimates of turnover time are substantially shorter than maximum tree ages observed on these sites, they agree closely with independent data on mean canopy residence time for trees that die at the average gap-maker size of 51 cm DBH. The data support previous hypothetical explanations of the apparent discrepancy between canopy turnover times of <130 years for hardwood species and the frequent occurrence of trees exceeding 250 years of age.

Development patterns in two hemlock–hardwood stands in southern New England

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 885-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Kelty
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Southern New England ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Constant Rate

Two forest stands, composed primarily of northern red oak (Quercusrubra L.), red maple (Acerrubrum L.), and eastern hemlock (Tsugacanadensis (L.) Carr.), were studied by stand-reconstruction techniques to determine the pattern of development of canopy structure. One stand had originated following clear-cutting 87 years ago; the other, following catastrophic windthrow 44 years ago. Juvenile height growth of the hardwood species was much greater than that of hemlock and a stratified canopy developed by age 30 years, with hardwoods forming an overstory canopy above hemlock. Hemlocks maintained overstory positions only if they were 3 m or more in height immediately following canopy disturbance. In the older stand, hardwood height growth was about twice that of the tallest understory hemlocks during the first 30 years. The hardwood overstory slowed after that and grew at the same rate as the tallest understory hemlocks, which maintained a constant rate of height growth, and a constant to accelerating rate of basal area growth for much of the 87-year measurement period. The height growth of the tallest understory hemlocks was apparently limited in part by breakage of terminal shoots, caused by abrasion against branches of overstory hardwood crowns.

scholarly journals XI. Glossary of Local Terms

Oryx ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-85
Keyword(s):  
Crop Raiding ◽  
Small Lake ◽  
Tropical Grassland ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Scattered Trees ◽  
Commercial Value ◽  
Horse Fly

Bhabar: dry country, with a subsoil of boulders, at the foot of the Himalayas.Bhangala: a channel of a river.Bheel: a small lake (in Assam).Chowki: a post, or a hut (for a forest guard, etc.).Dans: horse-fly or gad-fly.Dun: a plateau in a valley or a flat valley in the foothills of the Himalayas.Hatisar: an elephant station.Khola: a stream.Sal: a hardwood species of tree of great commercial value.Savannah: tropical or sub-tropical grassland containing scattered trees or shrubs.Shikar: shooting, or sport.Tal: a small lake.Tand: look-out tower for frightening away crop-raiding rhinoceros and other animals.Tapoo: an island in a river.Terai: moist country a few miles from the base of the Himalayas, at the edge of the bhabar.Tongi: the Assam equivalent of tand.

Comparison of feature extraction techniques for classification of hardwood species

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2/3) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Arvind R. Yadav ◽  
R.S. Anand ◽  
M.L. Dewal ◽  
Sangeeta Gupta ◽  
Jayendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Hardwood Species

scholarly journals Afforestation of Former Farmland with High-value Hardwoods

1991 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. von Althen
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Close Spacing ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Competition Control ◽  
Stem Development ◽  
Gradual Release ◽  
Poor Drainage

For satisfactory growth, most high-value hardwood species demand a deep, fertile, moist but well drained soil. Intensive competition control during the early years after planting is a necessity. Close spacing is recommended, with gradual release of crop trees to promote high-quality stem development. For good hardwood growth on soils of marginal fertility or poor drainage or on sites where intensive management cannot be guaranteed, it is recommended that a mixture of several hardwood species be planted.

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