scholarly journals Spatial Heterogeneity in Chinese Forest Area Change in the Early 21st Century

Forests ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayue Wang ◽  
Liangjie Xin ◽  
Minghong Tan ◽  
Yahui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Area Change ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Forest Area Change ◽  
The Early 21St Century

scholarly journals Large Uncertainty on Forest Area Change in the Early 21st Century among Widely Used Global Land Cover Datasets

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3502
Author(s):  
He Chen ◽  
Zhenzhong Zeng ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Liqing Peng ◽  
Venkataraman Lakshmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Validation Dataset ◽  
Area Change ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Global Land Cover ◽  
Global Land ◽  
Earth’S System ◽  
The Early 21St Century

Forests play an important role in the Earth’s system. Understanding the states and changes in global forests is vital for ecological assessments and forest policy guidance. However, there is no consensus on how global forests have changed based on current datasets. In this study, five global land cover datasets and Global Forest Resources Assessments (FRA) were assessed to reveal uncertainties in the global forest changes in the early 21st century. These datasets displayed substantial divergences in total area, spatial distribution, latitudinal profile, and annual area change from 2001 to 2012. These datasets also display completely divergent conclusions on forest area changes for different countries. Among the datasets, total forest area changes range from an increase of 1.7 × 106 km2 to a decrease of 1.6 × 106 km2. All the datasets show deforestation in the tropics. The accuracies of the datasets in detecting forest cover changes were evaluated by a global land cover validation dataset. The spatial patterns of accuracies are inconsistent among the datasets. This study calls for the development of a more accurate database to support forest policies and to contribute to global actions against climate change.

Outlining a grammaticalization path for the Spanish formula en plan (de): A contribution to crosslinguistic pragmatics

Linguistics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1543-1579
Author(s):  
Paula Rodríguez-Abruñeiras
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Discourse Marker ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Diachronic Study ◽  
Diachronic Development ◽  
The Early 21St Century

AbstractThis article discusses the diachronic development of the Spanish multifunctional formula en plan (with its variant en plan de, literally ‘in plan (of)’ but usually equivalent to English like). The article has two main aims: firstly, to describe the changes that the formula has undergone since its earliest occurrences as a marker in the nineteenth century up to the early 21st century. The diachronic study evinces a process of grammaticalization in three steps: from noun to clause adverbial and then to discourse marker. Secondly, to conduct a contrastive analysis between en plan (de) and the English markers like and kind of/kinda so as to shed new light on the potential existence of a universal pathway of grammaticalization in the emergence of discourse markers.

Survival of cervical cancer patients in Germany in the early 21st century: A period analysis by age, histology, and stage

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 915-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianhui Chen ◽  
Lina Jansen ◽  
Adam Gondos ◽  
Katharina Emrich ◽  
Bernd Holleczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Period Analysis ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
The Early 21St Century
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