scholarly journals Tree Species Establishment in Urban Forest in Relation to Vegetation Composition, Tree Canopy Gap Area and Soil Factors

Forests ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 4451-4461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilze Jankovska ◽  
Guntis Brūmelis ◽  
Oļģerts Nikodemus ◽  
Raimonds Kasparinskis ◽  
Vita Amatniece ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Canopy Gap ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Vegetation Composition ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Species Establishment

scholarly journals Combating Urban Heat Island Effect—A Review of Reflective Pavements and Tree Shading Strategies

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
V. R. Sankar Cheela ◽  
Michele John ◽  
Wahidul Biswas ◽  
Prabir Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Pavement Temperature ◽  
Reflective Coatings

Pavements occupy about 40% of urban land cover, with 75–80% black top roads, playing a critical role in urban connectivity and mobility. Solar energy is absorbed and stored in pavements leading to an increase in surface temperatures. Decreasing green cover is further contributing to rise in regional temperatures. Due to this activity, the city experiences urban heat island (UHI). This study presents a critical review of the literature on mitigation measures to combat UHI using reflective pavements with an emphasis on durability properties and impacts of tree canopy. The strategies with a focus on application of chip seals, white toppings, and coatings were discussed. Role of surface reflectance, including those from asphalt and concrete pavements, albedo improvements, and technological trends, application of waste materials, and industrial by‐products are presented. Also, urban tree shading systems’ contribution to pavement temperature and microclimate systems is presented. The review shows that the development of mitigation measures using tree shading systems can reduce the pavement temperature during daytime and increase human thermal comfort. The outcomes of this review provide a scope for future studies to develop sustainable and state‐of‐the-art engineering solutions in the field of reflective coatings and urban forest systems.

Structure and Regeneration of Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.) Forests in Shiwalik Region of Kumaun Himalaya, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bhawna Adhikari ◽  
◽  
Bhawana Kapkoti ◽  
Neelu Lodhiyal ◽  
L.S. Lodhiyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Kumaun Himalaya ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Canopy Trees ◽  
Dense Forest ◽  
Open Forest ◽  
Sal Forest

Present study was carried out to assess the structure and regeneration of Sal forests in Shiwalik region of Kumaun Himalaya. Vegetation analysis and tree canopy density was determined by using quadrat and densitometer, respectively. Density of seedlings, saplings and trees was 490-14067, 37-1233, and 273-863 ind.ha-1 respectively. The basal area was 0.12-5.44 m2 ha-1 reported for saplings and 25.4-77.6 m2 ha-1 for trees. Regeneration of Sal was found good in Sal mixed dense forest followed by Sal open forest and Sal dense forest, respectively. Regeneration of Sal was assisted by the presence of associated tree species as well as the sufficient sunlight availability on ground due to adequate opening of canopy trees in Sal forest. Thus it is concluded that the density of tree canopy, sunlight availability and also associated tree species impacted the regeneration of Sal in the region.

scholarly journals Phenotyping Architecture Traits of Tree Species Using Remote Sensing Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1611-1624
Author(s):  
Worasit Sangjan ◽  
Sindhuja Sankaran
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Structure From Motion ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
System Structure ◽  
List Type ◽  
Canopy Architecture ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Canopy Volume

HighlightsTree canopy architecture traits are associated with its productivity and management.Understanding these traits is important for both precision agriculture and phenomics applications.Remote sensing platforms (satellite, UAV, etc.) and multiple approaches (SfM, LiDAR) have been used to assess these traits.3D reconstruction of tree canopies allows the measurement of tree height, crown area, and canopy volume.Abstract. Tree canopy architecture is associated with light use efficiency and thus productivity. Given the modern training systems in orchard tree fruit systems, modification of tree architecture is becoming important for easier management of crops (e.g., pruning, thinning, chemical application, harvesting, etc.) while maintaining fruit quality and quantity. Similarly, in forest environments, architecture can influence the competitiveness and balance between tree species in the ecosystem. This article reviews the literature related to sensing approaches used for assessing architecture traits and the factors that influence such evaluation processes. Digital imagery integrated with structure from motion analysis and both terrestrial and aerial light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems have been commonly used. In addition, satellite imagery and other techniques have been explored. Some of the major findings and some critical considerations for such measurement methods are summarized here. Keywords: Canopy volume, LiDAR system, Structure from motion, Tree height, UAV.

scholarly journals Do Trees in Halifax Grow on Money?: A Comparison of Urban Tree Canopy Cover and Median Household Income in North End and South End Halifax

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra Marshman
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Median Household Income ◽  
Tree Canopy Cover ◽  
Urban Tree Canopy ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
North End

Trees in the city provide numerous ecological, health, and social benefits to urban residents. Studies from large North American cities have confirmed a spatial pattern that higher urban forest tree canopy positively correlates with higher levels of affluence. The just distribution of trees will become increasingly important for urban planners and foresters as there is a national trend towards living in cities. This research report investigates the equity of distribution of urban tree canopy cover in two neighbourhoods on the peninsula of Halifax, Nova Scotia. High spatial resolution land cover data from 2007 and 2006 Statistics Canada census data was used to create maps and tables to answer the research question. The socio-economic indicators of median household income and population density are represented based on census tract dissemination areas from the 2006 Statistics Canada long survey. Preliminary results indicate lower median household income and higher population density in the chosen study area of North End Halifax compared to higher median household income and lower population density in the chosen study area of South End Halifax. Tree canopy cover density is slightly lower in North End Halifax (5.3%) than in South End Halifax (7.6%). These preliminary results coincide with findings of other researchers that higher household income and lower population density at the neighbourhood level may result in increased urban forest canopy. However, further research and more reliant tree canopy cover data is needed to determine the accuracy of these findings. 

scholarly journals Vegetation changes in boreo–nemoral forest stands depending on soil factors and past land use during an 80 year period of no human impact

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilze Kokarēviča ◽  
Guntis Brūmelis ◽  
Raimonds Kasparinskis ◽  
Arta Rolava ◽  
Oļģerts Nikodemus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Temperate Deciduous Forest ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Forest Zone

Information on the long-term changes in plant communities that occur without human interference is limited, due to insufficient studies where vegetation can be resurveyed. In 1912, a strict nature protection reserve, with non-intervention management, was established on Moricsala Island in Latvia, located in the boreo–nemoral forest zone. Prior to establishment of the nature reserve, part of the island area was used for agriculture. The island is now covered almost entirely by forest dominated by Quercus robur L. and Tilia cordata Mill. on sandy soils. Resurvey was conducted in 2011 in 17 plots in which tree layers and the understory vegetation had been described in 1930. The plots were classified into two groups based on tree species composition in 1930 to determine changes in species composition. Differences in understory and tree canopy composition between these groups persisted over the period between the studies, in relation to soil factors and past stand history. Considerable turnover of species occurred, with a decrease of species typical of open habitats and replacement by species typical of nemoral (temperate deciduous) forest plant communities. In the past, Q. robur had likely established in open habitats created by agricultural land use or past fire but is presently not regenerating in the understory.

scholarly journals Tree Species Diversity and Socioeconomic Perspectives of the Urban (Food) Forest of Accra, Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand Nero ◽  
Nana Kwapong ◽  
Raymond Jatta ◽  
Oluwole Fatunbi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Food System ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
The City

Urban and peri-urban forestry has emerged as a complementary measure to contribute towards eliminating urban hunger and improved nutritional security. However, there is scanty knowledge about the composition, diversity, and socioeconomic contributions of urban food trees in African cities. This paper examines the diversity and composition of the urban forest and food trees of Accra and sheds light on perceptions of urbanites regarding food tree cultivation and availability in the city. Using a mixed methods approach, 105 respondents in six neighborhoods of Accra were interviewed while over 200 plots (100-m2 each) were surveyed across five land use types. Twenty-two out of the 70 woody species in Accra have edible parts (leaves, fruits, flowers, etc.). The food-tree abundance in the city is about half of the total number of trees enumerated. The species richness and abundance of the food trees and all trees in the city were significantly different among land use types (p < 0.0001) and neighborhood types (p < 0.0001). The diversity of food-bearing tree species was much higher in the poorer neighborhoods than in the wealthier neighborhoods. Respondents in wealthier neighborhoods indicated that tree and food-tree cover of the city was generally low and showed greater interest in cultivating food (fruit) trees and expanding urban forest cover than poorer neighborhoods. These findings demonstrate the need for urban food policy reforms that integrate urban-grown tree foods in the urban food system/culture.

Absorption Ability of Different Tree Species to S, Cl and Heavy Metals in Urban Forest Ecosystem

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Ping Fan ◽  
Qiong Wang ◽  
Fa Yun Li ◽  
Xue Kai Sun
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Malus Pumila Mill ◽  
Pinus Bungeana ◽  
Atmosphere Pollution ◽  
Buxus Microphylla ◽  
Salix Babylonica

Heavy metals and atmosphere pollutants that caused the soil pollution and low air quality are main environmental problems in cities which located in the industrialized regions. Different tree species in urban forest ecosystem have absorption ability to heavy metals in the soil and atmosphere pollutant and ameliorate environmental pollution. However, the influence of different tree species on the absorption ability of different pollutant is not yet clear, and this held up selection suitable tree species in urban forest plantations to improve urban environment. In the study we compered pollution absorption ability of 13 tree species in Shenyang, Northeast China. The results showed that, the adsorption capacity of different tree species on pollutants are different. The highest value of Cu was 9.32 mg kg-1 found in Berberisthumbergii cv. Atropurpurea, Zn was 51.461 mg kg-1 in Pinus bungeana, Pb was 7.459 mg kg-1 in Malus pumila Mill, Cr was 9.841 mg kg-1 in Buxus microphylla, S was 8916.07 mg kg-1 in Salix babylonica, Zn was 4678.388 mg kg-1 in Buxus microphylla. Pollutant concentrations in the same plant species are different in 3 different sample sites. This indicate the contaminated degree of 3 sample sites were different. In our study, Huigong square pollution degree is serious than the Beiling Park and Huishan ecological park. Significant correlation was found between Cu and Cr, Cu and Cl, S and Zn, Cr and Cl (P<0.01) and that between Cu and Zn, Cu and Pb at 0.05 level. The relationship between heavy metals and atmosphere pollutant (S and Cl) indicated that traffic activities could be one of the dominant roles of heavy metal and atmosphere pollution in Shenyang City.

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