scholarly journals Localized Effects of Coarse Woody Material on Soil Oribatid Communities Diminish over 700 Years of Stand Development in Black-Spruce-Feathermoss Forests

Forests ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 914-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Doblas-Miranda ◽  
Timothy Work
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Coarse Woody Material

scholarly journals Comparison of the Ground Vegetation in Spruce Plantations and Natural Forest in the Greater Fundy Ecosystem, New Brunswick

2003 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cam Veinotte ◽  
Bill Freedman ◽  
Wolfgang Maass ◽  
Friederike Kirstein
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Successional Stages

We studied changes in ground vegetation associated with the conversion of natural, mature, mixed-species forest into conifer plantations in southeastern New Brunswick. This was done to determine the degree to which plant-associated biodiversity was affected by this forestry practice. Species of lichens, bryophytes, and vascular plants were examined in a 21-year chronosequence of 12 Black Spruce (Picea mariana) plantations and compared to 8 stands of natural forest of the type replaced. The richness, diversity, and density of species were greatest during younger stages of the plantation sere, with as many as 170 species occurring in a 6-year-old stand. Species occurred in successional stages according to their abilities to: (a) survive disturbances associated with clear-cutting and plantation establishment; (b) regenerate vegetatively; (c) re-establish from a persistent seedbank; (d) invade disturbed habitat by dispersed seeds; and/or (e) tolerate environmental stress imposed by the overtopping canopy during stand development. Multivariate analyses suggested that successional factors had the strongest influence on differences in the ground vegetation among stands of various ages. Gaps in the canopy of reference forest and older plantations provided microsite conditions similar to those of early seral stages, allowing some ruderal species to persist in older stands. Nonindigenous species were almost entirely limited to younger plantations. Some species of natural forest were rare or absent from plantations and may be at risk from the extensive development of these agroforestry habitats in our study region; these included Acer pensylvanicum, Cephaloziella spp., Chiloscyphus spp., Fagus grandifolia, Lepidozia reptans, Nowellia curvifolia, Odontoschisma denudatum, and Viburnum alnifolium.

Modelling stand development after partial harvests: An empirically based, spatially explicit analysis for lowland black spruce

2010 ◽  
Vol 221 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.C. Thorpe ◽  
M.C. Vanderwel ◽  
M.M. Fuller ◽  
S.C. Thomas ◽  
J.P. Caspersen
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Explicit Analysis

Upland black spruce stand development 17 years after cleaning and precommercial thinning

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
R L Fleming ◽  
D S Mossa ◽  
G T Marek
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Fibre Production ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
Quadratic Mean ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Four Levels

Density management is often used by silviculturists to guide stand composition and development. We examined the effects of cleaning (hardwood removal) and four levels of precommercial thinning (0, 20, 35 and 50% basal area removal) on stand development in a dense, 24-year-old upland black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) plantation near Beardmore, Ontario. Immediately before treatment, stand densities and basal areas for all species and for black spruce averaged 7375 and 6415 stems ha-1, and 27.9 and 20.5 m2 ha-1, respectively. Seventeen years after treatment, black spruce total stand volume (VT) was higher in the cleaned, unthinned plots (243 m3 ha-1) than in the untreated controls (171 m3 ha-1) while total stand volume increment of all species combined was similar in these two treatments. Compared with cleaning alone, thinning cleaned plots from below increased quadratic mean diameters (DQ) by up to 9% but decreased VT by up to 28%. At plantation age 41, increases in black spruce densities of 1000 stems ha-1 resulted in mean decreases of 0.6 cm in DQ and mean increases of 43 m3 ha-1 in VT. Endemic black spruce stem mortality rates decreased with thinning intensity, with mortality concentrated in the smallest size classes. In some plots, mortality was increased by wind or snow damage, and by root rots. Height increment of dominant trees was unaffected by thinning. Projected yields at age 55 (the physical rotation age—the age at which maximum mean annual increment occurs) suggest the heaviest precommercial thinning could increase quadratic mean diameter from 16.1 to 17.7 cm, but decrease merchantable stand volume from 292 to 225 m3 ha-1. Results indicate that total black spruce fibre yields and product value on these sites will be maximized in denser stands. Cleaning appears to offer greater benefits for black spruce fibre production than precommercial thinning. Key words: black spruce, precommercial thinning, cleaning, density management, projected yields

scholarly journals Success Factors for Experimental Partial Harvesting in Unmanaged Boreal Forest: 10-Year Stand Yield Results

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1199
Author(s):  
Louiza Moussaoui ◽  
Alain Leduc ◽  
Miguel Montoro Girona ◽  
Annie Claude Bélisle ◽  
Benoit Lafleur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Partial Harvesting ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Stand Yield

Over the past two decades, partial harvesting has been increasingly used in boreal forests as an alternative to clearcutting to promote irregular stand structures and maintain a balance between biodiversity preservation and continued timber production. However, relatively little is still known about the silvicultural potential of partial harvesting in Canada’s boreal forest, especially in areas prone to organic matter accumulation (paludification), and most prior research has focused on biodiversity responses. In this study, we assess the effects of partial harvesting on stand development (recruitment, growth, and mortality) ten years after harvesting in previously unmanaged black spruce stands and quantify its effectiveness in reducing the impacts on ecosystem structures. Our analyses revealed that pre-harvest stand structure and site characteristics, especially initial basal area, sapling density, tree diameter, and organic layer thickness (OLT) were major factors involved in stand development ten years following these partial harvesting treatments. Depending on pre-harvest structure and site characteristics, partial harvesting can result in either an increase in post-harvest tree recruitment and growth or a loss of stand volume because of standing tree mortality. To increase the chances of partial harvesting success in ensuring an increase in decennial stand yield after harvest in black spruce forest stands, sites prone to paludification (i.e., where OLT >17 cm) should be left unharvested. This study illustrates the importance of taking into account pre-existing structure and site characteristics in the selection of management strategies to maximize the potential of partial harvesting to achieve sustainable forest management in black spruce stands.

Growth dynamics of black spruce in stands located between the 51st and 52nd parallels in the boreal forest of Quebec, Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1769-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Josée Tremblay ◽  
Sergio Rossi ◽  
Hubert Morin
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Stand Dynamics ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Insect Outbreaks ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Ecological Importance

Despite their ecological importance, the role and effects of insect outbreaks on stand dynamics of the northern boreal forests in North America have still to be demonstrated. The study was conducted between the 51st and 52nd parallels in Quebec, Canada, to identify mechanisms governing regeneration of high-latitude stands by investigating variations in growth of trees during stand development. Chronologies of tree-ring width and individual dynamics of growth in height and volume were assessed in black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P) of one even-aged and five uneven-aged stands. Uneven-aged stands contained trees up to 340 years old and representing almost every age class. Several growth reductions were observed that were synchronized between stands and were characterized by high amplitudes but different percentages of affected trees. These reductions were followed by marked growth releases. Even if the absence of nonhost species prevented the building of chronologies that could confirm the origin of growth reductions, the findings suggested that spruce budworm ( Archips fumiferana Clemens [syn.: Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)]) outbreaks contribute to the formation and maintenance of the uneven-aged structure of older black spruce stands at high latitudes.

Antitranspirant action of abscisic acid and ten synthetic analogs in black spruce

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence J. Blake ◽  
Weixing Tan ◽  
Suzanne R. Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Synthetic Analogs

Fertilization of black spruce or poor site peatland in Minnesota.

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Alban ◽  
Richard F. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Poor Site
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document