scholarly journals Comparative Structural Dynamics of the Janj Mixed Old-Growth Mountain Forest in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Are Conifers in a Long-Term Decline?

Forests ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1243-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srdjan Keren ◽  
Renzo Motta ◽  
Zoran Govedar ◽  
Radovan Lucic ◽  
Milan Medarevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Structural Dynamics ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Old Growth

scholarly journals Fiskalni multiplikatori i tranzicijske zemlje

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Željko Marić
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
The State ◽  
Fiscal Multipliers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Keynesian Economic

Bosnia and Herzegovina is in a state of long-term recession. Under these conditions, the State would have to apply the Keynesian economic policy instead of the neoclassical free market policy. This means that the State should take on the role of the main driver of economic development by increasing public spending and the fiscal consolidation. In doing so, it is very important to understand and evaluate the fiscal multipliers, as the successful application of the Keynesian policy depends exclusively on them. The aim of this paper is, after conducting an analysis of determinants and limitations of the fiscal multipliers within the conditions present in transition countries, to provide guidance on how to conduct the public spending policy, together with the monetary policy and structural reforms which would reduce the possible limitations regarding the effect of fiscal multipliers, thus increasing their impact on economic development. The analysis will be conducted on the example of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

scholarly journals Huftiere und Verjüngung im Gebirgswald: eine Geschichte mit vielen Variablen und noch mehr Interaktionen | Ungulates and Tree Regeneration in Mountain Forests: an Issue with many Variables and even more Interactions

2000 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Senn
Keyword(s):  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
Site Factors ◽  
The Past

After excessive cutting in Swiss mountain forests and extirpation of most of the wildlife during the past centuries, efficient forestry and hunting laws allowed a wide regeneration of the forests and a rapid increase of ungulate populations in the present century. As a consequence, the impacts of ungulates on the vegetation became obvious. Regeneration of forest trees, however, is influenced not only by ungulates, but by a number of physical site factors and biotic impacts. As these impacts and their interactions vary extensively, regeneration is neither spatially nor temporally constant. Most of the presently used tree-regeneration methods, however, assume constant conditions, which renders a proper evaluation of tree regeneration in mountain forests and the role of ungulates impossible. Furthermore, the effect of this variation on forest development and forest functions is unknown with regard to the long term. While society requires a multipurpose mountain forest, structured at a small scale, wild ungulates use their habitat at a larger scale. This often leads to conflicts. Consequently,solutions including different scales are necessary. A lack of knowledge will, therefore, have to be met by research making data available to the practice as well as through coordinated investigations and experiments.

scholarly journals Mosaics of canopy openness induced by tropical cyclones in lowland rain forests with contrasting management histories in northeastern Australia

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMON J. GROVE ◽  
STEPHEN M. TURTON ◽  
DANNY T. SIEGENTHALER
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Lowland Rain Forest ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Local Topography ◽  
Marked Points ◽  
Impacted Site

Tropical Cyclone ‘Rona’ crossed the coast of the Daintree lowlands of northeastern Australia in 1999. This study reports on its impact on forest canopy openness at six lowland rain forest sites with contrasting management histories (old-growth, selectively logged and regrowth). Percentage canopy openness was calculated from individual hemispherical photographs taken from marked points below the forest canopy at nine plots per site 3–4 mo before the cyclone, and at the same points a month afterwards. Before the cyclone, when nine sites were visited, canopy openness in old-growth and logged sites was similar, but significantly higher in regrowth forest. After the cyclone, all six revisited sites showed an increase in canopy openness, but the increase was very patchy amongst plots and sites and varied from insignificant to severe. The most severely impacted site was an old-growth one, the least impacted a logged one. Although proneness to impact was apparently related to forest management history (old-growth being the most impacted), underlying local topography may have had an equally strong influence in this case. It was concluded that the likelihood of severe impact may be determined at the landscape-scale by the interaction of anthropogenic with meteorological, physiographic and biotic factors. In the long term, such interactions may caution against pursuing forest management in cyclone-prone areas.

scholarly journals Timely interventions: Temporality and peacebuilding

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryerson Christie ◽  
Gilberto Algar-Faria
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Donor Support ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Local Empowerment

AbstractWhile there has been a long engagement with the impact of time on peacebuilding policies and practice, this engagement has to date focused predominately on issues of short- versus long-term initiatives, and of waning donor support for such initiatives. More recently, the critical peacebuilding turn has focused attention on the politics of the everyday as being essential to emancipatory endeavours enacted through localisation. Yet despite this, time itself has not been the subject of analysis, and the politics of time have not been integrated into the study of peacebuilding. This article, drawing both on historical institutionalist and on critical international studies analyses of temporality, provides a framework for analysing the impacts of time on the potential to achieve emancipatory peace. Drawing on extensive fieldwork in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Cambodia, this article asserts that a focus on Policy Time, Liberal Political Time, and Intergenerational Time highlights how peacebuilding initiatives are framed by disparate timescapes that limit the visibility of local chronopolitics, and that this in turn restricts local empowerment and resistances.

Post-genocide Identity Politics in Rwanda and Bosnia and Herzegovina and their Compatibility with International Human Rights Law

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-354
Author(s):  
Flávia Saldanha Kroetz
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Political Interests

Rwanda and Bosnia and Herzegovina were scenarios of large-scale violence throughout the 1990s, substantiated by the manipulation of public and private discourses that denied diversity. After the conflicts, the states were faced with the challenge of addressing not only the consequences of the conflicts but also the constructed narratives behind them. In the two cases, public policies were implemented to elude further violence and strengthen a peaceful and long-term coexistence. Whether based on the rejection of ethnic identity or on the preservation of ethnic and national divides, both countries adopted policies that undermine basic rights and ignore sections of society excluded from official versions of history. Victimization is still a tool for political interests and remains present in public discourses. Irrespective of governmental policies that intend to surpass ancient animosities, divisionism is still present and underpins politics, religion, and social life in Rwanda and in Bosnia.

Seven decades of change in a European old-growth forest following a stand-replacing wind disturbance: A long-term case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 399 ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jaloviar ◽  
Milan Saniga ◽  
Stanislav Kucbel ◽  
Ján Pittner ◽  
Jaroslav Vencurik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Disturbance ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forest

scholarly journals Long-Term Temporal Changes of Precipitation Quality in Slovak Mountain Forests

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2920
Author(s):  
Jozef Minďaš ◽  
Miriam Hanzelová ◽  
Jana Škvareninová ◽  
Jaroslav Škvarenina ◽  
Ján Ďurský ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Base Cations ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Precipitation Regime ◽  
Pollution Effects ◽  
Icp Forests

The paper is focused on the evaluation of long-term changes in the chemical composition of precipitation in the mountain forests of Slovakia. Two stations with long-term measurements of precipitation quality were selected, namely the station of the EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) network Chopok (2008 m a.s.l.) and the station of the ICP Forests (International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests) network Poľana-Hukavský grúň (850 m a.s.l.). All basic chemical components were analyzed, namely sulfur (S-SO4), nitrogen (N-NH4, N-NO3), and base cations (Ca, Mg, and K) contained in precipitation. The time changes of the individual components were statistically evaluated by the Mann–Kendall test and Kruskal–Wallis test. The results showed significant declining trends for almost all components, which can significantly affect element cycles in mountain forest ecosystems. The evaluated forty one-year period (1987 to 2018) is characterized by significant changes in the precipitation regime in Slovakia and the obtained results indicate possible directions in which the quantity and quality of precipitation in the mountainous areas of Slovakia will develop with ongoing climate change.

Age and Long-term Growth of Trees in an Old-growth Tropical Rain Forest, Based on Analyses of Tree Rings and 14C1

Biotropica ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Fichtler ◽  
Deborah A. Clark ◽  
Martin Worbes
Keyword(s):  
Tree Rings ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
Old Growth
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