scholarly journals Changes in Transpiration and Leaf Water Potential in Douglas-Fir Trees following Douglas-Fir Beetle Attack and Mechanical Girdling

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1722
Author(s):  
Javier E. Mercado ◽  
Robert T. Walker ◽  
Scott Franklin ◽  
Shannon L. Kay ◽  
Susana Karen Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Lodgepole Pines ◽  
And Control ◽  
Phloem Feeding

Bark beetles and their associated fungi kill trees readily, but we often ignore which organism is the leading cause of tree mortality. While phloem feeding beetles inhibit photosynthate transport, their associated fungi block the tracheids disrupting transpiration. Within the family Pinaceae, knowledge of tree physiological decline following bark beetle and associated fungi colonization is limited to the genus Pinus. Here we investigate the physiological response of Pseudotsuga (P. menziesii) to bark beetles or its fungi. We hypothesized that fungi block water transport in Douglas-fir causing faster mortality than by bark beetle activity alone. We successfully lured Douglas-fir beetle to attack a subset of trees in our experimental area using pheromones and compared Beetle-Killed trees with mechanically Girdled, and Control trees. During spring snowmelt, nine months after treatments were applied, Control, Girdled, and five trees that Survived beetle attack had higher transpiration rates and less negative pre-dawn water potential than five Beetle-Killed trees. Declines in transpiration and leaf water potential in our Beetle-Killed trees occurred much earlier than those in studies of beetle-attacked lodgepole pines, suggesting stronger defensive traits in Douglas-fir. Our data suggest that, as in pines, bark beetle-associated fungi are the leading cause of mortality in Douglas-fir beetle-attacked trees.

scholarly journals Predictors and mechanisms of the drought-influenced mortality of tree species along the isohydric to anisohydic continuum in a decade-long study of a central US temperate forest

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1285-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gu ◽  
S. G. Pallardy ◽  
K. P. Hosman ◽  
Y. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Extreme Drought ◽  
Positive Temperature ◽  
Drought Intensity ◽  
Predawn Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Annual Variations

Abstract. Using decade-long continuous observations of tree mortality and predawn leaf water potential (ψpd) at the Missouri Ozark AmeriFlux (MOFLUX) site, we studied how the mortality of important tree species varied along the isohydric to anisohydric continuum and how such variations may be predicted. Water stress determined inter-annual variations in tree mortality with a time delay of one year or more, which was predicted by predawn leaf water potential integral (PLWPI), mean effective precipitation interval (a time period with no daily precipitation rates exceeding a threshold) with a daily threshold precipitation at 5 mm day−1 (MEPI5), and precipitation variability index (PVI). Positive temperature anomaly integral (PTAI) and vapor pressure deficit integral (VPDI) also worked reasonably well, particularly for moderate droughts. The extreme drought of the year 2012 drastically increased the mortality of all species in the subsequent year. Regardless of the degree of isohydry and drought intensity, the ψpd of all species recovered rapidly after sufficiently intense rain events. This, together with a lack of immediate leaf and branch desiccation, suggests that hydraulic disconnection in the xylem was absent even during extreme drought and tree death was caused by significant but indirect effects of drought. We also found that species occupying middle positions along the isohydric to anisohydric continuum suffered less mortality than those at either extremes (i.e. extremely isohydric or extremely anisohydric). Finally, our study suggested that species differences in mortality mechanisms can be overwhelmed and masked in extreme droughts and should be examined in a broad range of drought intensity.

Effects of disrupting stem sapwood water conduction on the water status in Douglas-fir crowns

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 982-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Brix ◽  
A. K. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Water Conduction

The sapwood cross-sectional area at breast height was reduced by 0 (control), 42, 69, and 100%, in 36-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees to study treatment effects on the water status in the crowns. Only the complete removal of breast-height sapwood affected the leaf water potential which decreased rapidly the 1st day, but then changed little for the next 38 days varying only from −2.3 to −2.6 MPa. Water use for those trees was limited to that stored above breast height, primarily in stem sapwood, and amounted to approximately 45 L. This corresponded to 6.5 mm of precipitation or 4% of potential transpiration. The finding that leaf water potential was not affected by partial sapwood reduction but rather by changes in soil water potential suggests that resistance to water flow in stems was small compared with that in other parts of the water-flow pathways of soil and trees.

scholarly journals Flooding, Leaf Gas Exchange, and Growth of Mango in Containers

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk D. Larson ◽  
Bruce Schaffer ◽  
Frederick S. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Soil Conditions

The effect of flooding on container-grown `Tommy Atkins' mango (Mangifera indica L.) trees on two rootstock, and on container-grown seedling `Peach' mango trees, was investigated by evaluating vegetative growth, net gas exchange, and leaf water potential. In general, flooding simultaneously reduced net CO2 assimilation (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) after 2 to 3 days. However, flooding did not affect leaf water potential, shoot extension growth, or shoot dry weight, but stem radial growth and root dry weight were reduced, resulting in larger shoot: root ratios for flooded trees. Mortality of flooded trees ranged from 0% to 45% and was not related to-rootstock scion combination. Hypertrophied lenticels were observed on trees that survived flooding but not on trees that died. The reductions in gas exchange, vegetative growth, and the variable tree mortality indicate that mango is not highly flood-tolerant but appears to possess certain adaptations to flooded soil conditions.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF WIND SPEED ON CARBON ASSIMILATION, WATER RELATIONS, AND GROWTH OF YOUNG CARAMBOLA AND SUGAR APPLE TREES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 579f-579
Author(s):  
J.H. Crane ◽  
B. Schaffer
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
High Wind ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
And Control

The effect of wind stress on growth, net CO2 assimilation (A), and leaf water potential of eighteen-month-old, containerized carambola (Averrhoa carambola cv. Arkin) and seedling sugar apple (Annona squamosa) trees was investigated. In a glasshouse, trees were exposed to fan-generated wind speeds of 0 (control), 4 (low wind; LW), or 7 (high wind; HW) m sec-1 for 4 hr/day (1000-1400 hr) for 30 days. No differences in A, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and fresh and dry wt of mature carambola or sugar apple leaves or shoots were observed among treatments. In contrast, as wind speed increased, fresh wt of immature carambola leaves and shoots decreased. For carambola and sugar apple, no significant relationship was found between mid-day leaf water potentials and wind speed. However, after 30 days, leaf water potential of carambola subjected to HW (-1.2 MPa) was lower than those of LW (-1.1 MPa) and control (-1.1 MPa) trees. For sugar apple, leaf water potential of control trees was generally higher than those of trees in the LW and HW treatments. The data indicate that exposure to wind speeds of 4 or 7 m sec-1 for as little as 4 hr/day for 30 days reduces new leaf and shoot growth of carambola trees.

Use of a Hydraulic Press for Estimation of Leaf Water Potential in Grain Sorghum 1

1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Hicks ◽  
R. J. Lascano ◽  
C. W. Wendt ◽  
A. B. Onken
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Leaf Water

Sampling Error for Leaf Water Potential Measurements in Wheat 1

Crop Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Johnson ◽  
H. T. Nguyen ◽  
R. W. McNew ◽  
D. M. Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Water Potential Measurements

scholarly journals Terrestrial laser scanning intensity captures diurnal variation in leaf water potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 112274
Author(s):  
S. Junttila ◽  
T. Hölttä ◽  
E. Puttonen ◽  
M. Katoh ◽  
M. Vastaranta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Leaf Water

scholarly journals The Effect of Grapevine Age (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Zinfandel) on Phenology and Gas Exchange Parameters over Consecutive Growing Seasons

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Vegas Riffle ◽  
Nathaniel Palmer ◽  
L. Federico Casassa ◽  
Jean Catherine Dodson Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Exchange Parameters

Unlike most crop industries, there is a strongly held belief within the wine industry that increased vine age correlates with quality. Considering this perception could be explained by vine physiological differences, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of vine age on phenology and gas exchange parameters. An interplanted, dry farmed, Zinfandel vineyard block under consistent management practices in the Central Coast of California was evaluated over two consecutive growing seasons. Treatments included Young vines (5 to 12 years old), Control (representative proportion of young to old vines in the block), and Old vines (40 to 60 years old). Phenology, leaf water potential, and gas exchange parameters were tracked. Results indicated a difference in phenological progression after berry set between Young and Old vines. Young vines progressed more slowly during berry formation and more rapidly during berry ripening, resulting in Young vines being harvested before Old vines due to variation in the timing of sugar accumulation. No differences in leaf water potential were found. Young vines had higher mid-day stomatal conductance and tended to have higher mid-day photosynthetic rates. The results of this study suggest vine age is a factor in phenological timing and growing season length.

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