scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Dwarf Bamboo Flowering and Wild Boar Rooting on Forest Regeneration

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1207
Author(s):  
Soyeon Cho ◽  
Youngjin Kim ◽  
Sangyeop Jung ◽  
Yeonsook Choung
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Dwarf Bamboo

Sasa spp., monocarpic dwarf bamboos, are known to form recalcitrant understories, lower species diversity, and hinder forest development. Sasa borealis distributed throughout Korea showed a phenomenon of synchronized dieback after large-scale synchronized flowering nationwide around 2015. Therefore, we conducted this study to take advantage of the rare event and add prevailing activity of wild boars and culm removal to elucidate whether they promote the regeneration of a long-term suppressed forest. We set permanent plots in forests with different understory types, and tracked the vegetation change in 5 years with respect to species composition, tree regeneration, and S. borealis reestablishment. This study focused on comparison between plots established after mass flowering. In flowering stands, we found the species diversity increased significantly with increase in species evenness, but not with recruitment of new species. Furthermore, the seeds of mass-produced bamboo germinated, and the seedling abundance was found to increase considerably. In stands rooted by wild boar, species diversity increased through the recruitment of new species, including tree species. It increased the abundance of shrub and perennial herbs, while it suppressed the reestablishment of S. borealis. Although rooting effect was independently significant regardless of flowering, the synergistic effect of rooting and flowering on forest regeneration was outstanding. Wild boar seemed to function as a remover of dead culms and a breaker of remaining underground mats as well as a seed disperser. Consequently, the species composition became similar to the reference stands. However, culm cutting caused negative effects by facilitating S. borealis to re-occupy or resprout. Overall, as the wild boar population increases, the positive effect can be expected to enhance. At landscape scale, considering several factors such as flowering and non-flowering, and population size of wild boar, the long-term suppressed forests by S. borealis are projected to regenerate with mosaic forests.

scholarly journals Management options for the conversion of allochthonous coniferous forest patches towards more natural species composition in the Vorpommersche Boddenlandschaft National Park, NE Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Seliger ◽  
Stephanie Puffpaff ◽  
Michael Manthey ◽  
Juergen Kreyling
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
National Park ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Northeastern Germany

The conversion of coniferous tree plantations towards natural self-regenerating forests is one of the targets of forestry in Europe and particularly desirable in national parks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different conversion approaches (conducted once) on natural forest development in man-made spruce plantations. We studied the effects of three distinct management options (partial-cutting [PC], clear-cutting with timber removal [CC] and clear-cutting with timber remaining [CCr]) six years after application on tree regeneration (sapling identity, abundance, height, browsing intensity) and understorey species composition in former spruce plantations within the Vorpommersche Boddenlandschaft National Park in Northeastern Germany. An unmanaged spruce [M] and near-natural beech [N] stands were considered as local references. The sites differed significantly in tree regeneration and understorey species composition. The abundance of native tree saplings was highest at site CCr, their height did not differ among sites, while browsing intensity was most pronounced at site CC. Understorey species composition of all management options was equally dissimilar to site N. However, site CCr contained more species that are typically abundant in local beech forests. Clear-cutting of spruce plantations with dead wood remaining on site favoured the natural regeneration of native trees and understorey vegetation compared to clear-cutting with timber removal, partial-cutting and no management. Herbivore browsing detrimentally affected tree regeneration independent of the treatment. Clear-cutting with timber removal promoted the dominance of competitive herbaceous species that may hamper long-term forest regeneration. We conclude that progression of site CCr appears to proceed fastest towards natural forest conditions. Further long-term data is required to derive clear trends regarding time and direction of forest regeneration.  Keywords: forest conversion, spruce plantations, beech forest, natural tree regeneration, understorey species composition, deer browsing

Long-term effects of stump removal and tree species composition on the diversity and structure of soil fungal communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dixi Modi ◽  
Suzanne Simard ◽  
Jean Bérubé ◽  
Les Lavkulich ◽  
Richard Hamelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Stump removal is a common forest management practice used to reduce the mortality of trees affected by the fungal pathogen-mediated root disease, Armillaria root rot, but the impact of stumping on soil fungal community structure is not well understood. This study analyzed the long-term impact of stumping and tree species composition on the abundance, diversity and taxonomic composition of soil fungal communities using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) marker-based DNA metabarcoding in a 48-year-old trial at Skimikin, British Columbia. A total of 108 samples were collected from FH (fermented and humus layers), and soil mineral horizons (A and B) from stumped and unstumped plots of six tree species treatments (pure stands and admixtures of Douglas-fir, western red-cedar and paper birch). Fungal α-diversity in the A horizon significantly increased with stumping regardless of tree species composition, while β-diversity was significantly affected by stumping in all the horizons. We also observed that the relative abundance of the saprotrophic fungal community declined while that of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community increased with stumping. In conclusion, increase in ectomycorrhizal fungal associations, which are positively associated with tree productivity, suggests that stumping can be considered a good management practice for mitigating root disease and promoting tree regeneration.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Fuels Treatments, Overstory Structure, and Wildfire on Tree Regeneration in Dry Forests of Central Washington

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 888
Author(s):  
Allison K. Rossman ◽  
Jonathan D. Bakker ◽  
David W. Peterson ◽  
Charles B. Halpern
Keyword(s):  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Fuels Reduction ◽  
Forest Fuels ◽  
Fuels Treatments

The long-term effectiveness of dry-forest fuels treatments (restoration thinning and prescribed burning) depends, in part, on the pace at which trees regenerate and recruit into the overstory. Knowledge of the factors that shape post-treatment regeneration and growth is limited by the short timeframes and simple disturbance histories of past research. Here, we present results of a 15-year fuels-reduction experiment in central Washington, including responses to planned and unplanned disturbances. We explore the changing patterns of Douglas-fir regeneration in 72 permanent plots (0.1 ha) varying in overstory abundance (a function of density and basal area) and disturbance history—the latter including thinning, prescribed burning, and/or wildfire. Plots were measured before treatment (2000/2001), soon afterwards (2004/2005), and more than a decade later (2015). Thinning combined with burning enhanced sapling recruitment (ingrowth) into the overstory, although rates of ingrowth were consistently low and greatly exceeded by mortality. Relationships between seedling frequency (proportion of quadrats within a plot) and overstory abundance shifted from weakly negative before treatment to positive after thinning, to neutral in the longer term. However, these relationships were overshadowed by more recent, higher-severity prescribed fire and wildfire that stimulated seedling establishment while killing advanced regeneration and overstory trees. Our results highlight the dependence of regeneration responses on the history of, and time since, fuels treatment and subsequent disturbance. Managers must be aware of this spatial and temporal complexity and plan for future disturbances that are inevitable but unpredictable in timing and severity.

scholarly journals Species Diversity and Tree Regeneration Patterns in Tropical Forests of the Western Ghats, India

ISRN Ecology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jayakumar ◽  
K. K. N. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Human Disturbances ◽  
Regeneration Pattern

Study Aim. To assess species diversity and tree regeneration patterns of different vegetation types of Western Ghats, India. Rarefaction was used to estimate species diversity of different vegetation types. One-way ANOVA was used to test for differences in tree density and basal area of different vegetation types. Sorenson index of similarity was used to calculate change in species composition between mature trees and regenerating individuals. Results showed that species diversity and regeneration pattern of trees differ in different vegetation types of the forest landscape. Species-area and species-individual accumulation curve (rarefaction) against equal-sized sampling area in different vegetation types showed that species heterogeneity was higher in vegetation types at mid elevations while their abundance was higher in vegetation types at higher elevations. All the vegetation types of the study area were heterogeneously distributed. Tree regeneration was higher in species rich vegetation type with no sign of human disturbances. Change in species composition across mature and regenerating phase was more frequent in disturbed forest as compared to undisturbed or less disturbed forests. New entry species occur in all the vegetation types.

Tree Regeneration Characteristics in Limestone Forests of the Cat Ba National Park, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Vien Pham ◽  
Christian Ammer ◽  
Peter Annighöfer ◽  
Steffi Heinrichs
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Site Factor ◽  
Overstory Tree

Abstract Background: Forest regeneration is decisive for future forest development and therefore of major concern to forest ecologists. The ability of overstory tree species to regenerate successfully is important for the preservation of tree species diversity and its associated flora and fauna. This study investigated forest regeneration dynamics in the Cat Ba National Park, a biodiversity hotpot in Vietnam. Data was collected from 90 sample plots and 450 sub-sample plots in the regional limestone forests. We compared species richness between the regeneration and overstory tree layers and examined the effect of environmental factors on the occurrence of regeneration. We developed five ratios to relate overstory and regeneration richness and diversity. Results: We found 97 tree species in the regeneration layer compared to 136 species in the overstory layer. Average regeneration density was 3,764 ± 1,601 per ha. Around 70% of the overstory tree species generated offspring. Of the tree species threatened according to The International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species, only 36% were found in the regeneration layer. A principal component analysis provided evidence that the regeneration of tree species was linked to terrain factors (percentage of rock surface, slope) and soil properties (Cation exchange capacity, pH, humus content, soil moisture, soil depth). Contrary to our expectations, the prevailing light conditions (total site factor, gap fraction, openness, indirect site factor, direct site factor) had no influence on regeneration density and composition, probably due to the small gradient in light availability. Conclusion: We conclude that tree species richness in Cat Ba National Park appears to be declining at present. We suggest similar investigations in other biodiversity hotspots to learn whether the observed trend is a global phenomenon. In any case, a conservation strategy for the threatened tree species in the Cat Ba National Park needs to be developed if tree species diversity is to be maintained.

scholarly journals New cladoceran records from Lake Paranoá, Central Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (3a) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. A. Elmoor-Loureiro ◽  
L. Mendonça-Galvão ◽  
C. Padovesi-Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Federal District ◽  
First Record ◽  
Bosmina Longirostris ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Cladoceran Species ◽  
Species Taxonomy

The zooplanktonic community of Lake Paranoá has been studied for more than thirty years. Until 1998, when it was considered eutrophic, only three cladoceran species were known from the reservoir. Since 1999, when Lake Paranoá underwent intentional flushing, definite changes in species diversity and composition were identified. At the same time, exploratory studies on littoral cladoceran species were being done. The present study aims to provide additional information on the cladoceran species composition of Lake Paranoá. Seven new species records are presented, four of them also representing the first record from the Federal District (Brasília). The population previously considered as belonging to Bosmina longirostris was reconsidered and re-identified as Bosmina freyi. Figures and comments on species taxonomy and distribution are also provided.

scholarly journals The effects of anthropogenic factors on the formation of helminth fauna of domestic carnivores in the territory of Azerbaijan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.Sh. Ibrahimova
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Helminth Fauna ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Domestic Carnivores ◽  
Epidemiological Significance ◽  
Qualitative Changes ◽  
Long Term Studies

As a result of long-term studies, it has been identified that the effects of anthropogenic factors on the formation of helminth fauna of domestic carnivores are reflected in a number of changes. Thus, primarily due to the change in habit of animal, the quantitative and qualitative changes have happened in the helminth fauna: new species of helminths which assume epizootic and epidemiological significance has been found and this has significantly enriched the species composition of the helminth fauna. Due to the influence of anthropogenic factors, the mixed parasitic focuses have formed and 14 species of helminths have included in helminth fauna. The domestic carnivores infected with pathogenic helminths from this focus infect human beings, domestic and ruminating animals from sinantropic focus. Thus, due to impact of the anthropogenic factors, the helminth fauna of animals has changed and has acquired its modern helminthological status.

scholarly journals The Diversity and Diameter Growth Rate of Sprouting-Type Tree in Bukit Pinang-Pinang Forest Permanent Plots

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-193
Author(s):  
Ade Ayu Oksari ◽  
Irvan Fadli Wanda ◽  
Erizal Mukhtar ◽  
Chairul Chairul
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Permanent Plot ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Plant Species Composition ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
West Sumatra

The process of forest regeneration can take place within a certain period of time. Sprouting is a form of strategy for in adapting to its environment for success in regenerating. The Research on  the diversity and diameter growth rate of sprouting-type tree in Bukit Pinang-pinang forest permanent plots, West Sumatra was carried out from October 2012 to December 2016 in the forest of Bukit Pinang-Pinang, West Sumatra and Herbarium Department of Biology, Universitas Andalas, Padang. This research was conducted using a survey method by census. The parameters analyzed were plant species composition, Morishita Index, Mann-Whitney test, Regression and Correlation test as well as RDGR (Relative Diameter of Growth Rate). The result of experiment was found 40 species of trees sprouting type in forest permanent plot Bukit Pinang-Pinang. The pattern of sprouting type trees distribution in the study locations was found to have a clustered, random and uniform pattern. Relative Diameter Growth Rate (RDGR) of 40 sprouting types of trees in the Bukit Pinang-Pinang forest permanent plots ranged from 0.003 cm/cm/year to 0.0288 cm/cm/year. Altitude did not affect  RDGR of an individual tree sprouting type for 31 years

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