scholarly journals Bidirectional Nitrogen Transfer and Plant Growth in a Mixed Plantation of N2-Fixing Species and Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis under Different N Applications

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1171
Author(s):  
Xianyu Yao ◽  
Uromi Manage Goodale ◽  
Mei Yang ◽  
Liangning Liao ◽  
Sufang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
N Transfer ◽  
N Content ◽  
Stand Productivity ◽  
Mixed Plantations ◽  
Dalbergia Odorifera

N2-fixing species play a crucial role in mixed-plantations as they improve stand productivity. To quantify the N transfer from N2-fixing species to Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis) in N2-fixing species/Eucalyptus plantations, we established a pot experiment and confirmed the occurrence of this process under natural conditions. The 15N was traced in labeled species as well as in neighboring tree species after labeling, and the growth was evaluated in short-term natural trials. Our results showed that a bidirectional N transfer occurred. The amount of net N transfer was 21.8–127.0 mg N plant−1, which was equal to 1.5–21.2% of the total nitrogen (TN) that accumulated in Eucalyptus plants under pot conditions, was transferred from Dalbergia odorifera to Eucalyptus. The amount of N transferred significantly decreased with the increasing N application rate but increased with time after labeling. Compared with the results for the Eucalyptus monocrop, the soil N concentration (including NO3−-N and NH4+-N) greatly improved when D. odorifera was introduced together with Eucalyptus under both field and pot conditions. Furthermore, the results under field conditions were consistent with the results of the pot experiment. The dry matter (DM) yield (14.5–16.4%) and the N content (5.1–9.6%) in Eucalyptus increased when mixed together with D. odorifera, but the N content in and DM yield of D. odorifera slightly decreased. It is concluded that the N transfer between Eucalyptus and D. odorifera is a much more important dynamic process than previously recognized, and Eucalyptus and legume intercropping is a successful management practice because N transfer provides a significant amount of N required for Eucalyptus productivity.

Urea hydrolysis and inorganic N in a Luvisol after application of fertiliser containing rare-earth elements

Soil Research ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingkai Xu ◽  
Zijian Wang ◽  
Yuesi Wang ◽  
Kazuyuki Inubushi
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Urea Hydrolysis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
N Content ◽  
N Fertilisers ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

In recent decades, Chinese agriculturists have used rare-earth-containing fertilisers as basal fertilisers together with N fertilisers (e.g. urea). We studied urea hydrolysis and its hydrolysis products in a laboratory experiment using urea-N fertiliser with rare earths at rates from 0.5 to 50% (w/w). The results indicated that application of rare earths at a high rate could result in a short-term inhibition of urea hydrolysis and an increase in soil (NH4+ + NO3– + NO2–)-N content. When the application rate of rare earths was higher than 5% of the applied urea-N (corresponding to 10 mg/kg soil), soil exchangeable NH4+-N content increased significantly following the hydrolysis of the applied urea. Increasing the application rate of rare earths appeared to reduce the content of soil urea-derived (NO3– + NO2–)-N. A substantial reduction in soil pH was found immediately after application of rare earths and urea. We conclude that application of rare earths at >10 mg/kg may lead to a substantial increase in the content of urea-derived N in the soil, via the inhibition of urea hydrolysis and nitrification.

Soil inorganic nitrogen content in commercial potato fields in New Brunswick

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
Y. Leclerc ◽  
G. Moreau ◽  
R. Gareau ◽  
P. H. Milburn
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Soil Inorganic

Information on inorganic N content in commercial potato fields in Atlantic Canada is limited. Soil inorganic N measurements were collected from 228 commercial potato fields from 1999 to 2001. Soil NO3 content to 30 cm depth at planting ranged from 2 to 124 kg N ha-1, and was generally higher for preceding potato, red clover, or hay crops compared to preceding cereal or other crops. Soil NH4 content to 30 cm depth measured at planting ranged from 3 to 64 kg N ha-1, indicating that both soil NO3 and NH4 need to be measured to assess plant-available soil N content in spring. Soil NO3 content to 30-cm depth at tuber harvest ranged from 3 to 250 kg N ha-1, generally increased with increasing fertilizer N application rate, and differed among different potato cultivars. Soil NO3 content measured to 30-cm depth in spring ranged from 3 to 100% of soil NO3 at harvest in the preceding fall, indicating that highly variable losses of soil NO3 from the root zone occur between growing seasons. Key words: Nitrate, ammonium, Solanum tuberosum L.

scholarly journals Effects of sulfur application on sulfur and arsenic absorption by rapeseed in arsenic-contaminated soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zhong ◽  
C. Hu ◽  
Q. Tan ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
X. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Treatment Application ◽  
Different Parts

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of arsenic (As) and sulfur (S) interaction on yield and their accumulation and distribution in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). The results showed that (1) at the same level of S treatment, application of As significantly decreased rapeseed grain and biomass yield; (2) Application of S significantly increased the grain and biomass yield of rapeseed when As was applied; (3) When As application rate increased, As content significantly increased in different parts of rapeseed, and reached their highest level at<br />120 mg/kg As. Arsenic content from seed were all below 1 mg/kg AS. Addition of S significantly reduced As contents in root and grain of rapeseed.

scholarly journals Root Contact between Maize and Alfalfa Facilitates Nitrogen Transfer and Uptake Using Techniques of Foliar 15N-Labeling

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeqiang Shao ◽  
Xinyu Wang ◽  
Qiang Gao ◽  
Hualiang Zhang ◽  
Hailing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Period ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
N Transfer ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Source ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Root Barrier ◽  
15N Labeling ◽  
Root Contact

Belowground nitrogen (N) transfer from legumes to non-legumes provides an important N source for crop yield and N utilization. However, whether root contact facilitates N transfer and the extent to which N transfer contributes to crop productivity and N utilization have not been clarified. In our study, two-year rain shelter experiments were conducted to quantify the effect of root contact on N transfer in a maize/alfalfa intercropping system. N transfer occurred mainly one direction from alfalfa to maize during the growth period. Following the N0 treatment, the amount of N transfer from alfalfa to maize was 204.56 mg pot−1 with no root barrier and 165.13 mg pot−1 with a nylon net barrier, accounting for 4.72% and 4.48% of the total N accumulated in maize, respectively. Following the N1 treatment, the amount of N transfer from alfalfa to maize was 197.70 mg pot−1 with no root barrier and 139.04 mg pot−1 with a nylon net barrier, accounting for 3.64% and 2.36% of the total N accumulated in the maize, respectively. Furthermore, the amount of N transfer without no root barrier was 1.24–1.42 times higher than that with a nylon net barrier regardless of the level of N addition. Our results highlight the importance and the relevance of root contact for the enhancement of N transfer in a maize/alfalfa intercropping system.

scholarly journals Optimal Planting Date of Kernza Intermediate Wheatgrass Intercropped with Red Clover

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2227
Author(s):  
Oluwakorede Olugbenle ◽  
Priscila Pinto ◽  
Valentin D. Picasso
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Harvest Year

Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) is a new perennial dual-use crop for grain and forage with growing interest among farmers. Intercropping IWG with red clover may increase yield and nutritive value through nitrogen transfer. IWG and red clover planting timing can affect grain and forage yield, and there has not been previous research on this management practice. At two locations (Arlington and Lancaster, WI, USA) a factorial experiment was established two years with two factors: (1) IWG planting date (August through October, and April) and (2) red clover planting season (in the fall with IWG or frost seeded in the next spring). Yield data were collected for two subsequent years. Grain yield was maximized at 515 kg ha−1 and 423 kg ha−1 at Arlington and Lancaster when planted by 26 August and 13 September, respectively. Planting date influenced grain yields in the first harvest year but not in the second. Seeding red clover in the spring increased IWG and red clover biomass compared to seeding it in the fall. In Wisconsin, planting IWG by early September at the latest and planting red clover in the spring is recommended to maximize grain yield.

The Effects of N and P Addition on the Soil Properties of a Eucalyptus urophylla Stand

2014 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 314-322
Author(s):  
Qiu Jing Li ◽  
Li Xue ◽  
Hong Yue Chen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
N Addition ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
P Addition ◽  
Total P

The effects of N and P addition on soil organic matter and nutrients, microbe and enzyme were investigated in a Eucalyptus urophylla stand to provide basis for soil management. Contents of organic matter, available P of N, P and N + P addition was significantly greater than the control, total N content of N and N+P addition was significant greater than the control, contents of total P, total K and available K of P and N + P addition was significantly greater than the control, available N content of N addition was significantly greater than the control, whereas that of P addition was significantly smaller than the control. N addition significantly increased the soil actinomyces number and urease activity, but had no significant effect on the number of soil bacteria and fungus, activities of phosphatase and catalase. Number of soil bacteria, fungus and actinomyces, activities of urease, phosphatase and catalase significantly increased after P addition, and biochemical indices except for bacteria number significantly increased after N + P addition.

Characterizing nitrogen transfer from red clover populations to companion bluegrass under field conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1163-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. M. S. Thilakarathna ◽  
Y. A. Papadopoulos ◽  
A. V. Rodd ◽  
A. N. Gunawardena ◽  
S. A. E. Fillmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
N Transfer

Thilakarathna, R. M. M. S., Papadopoulos, Y. A., Rodd, A. V., Gunawardena, A. N., Fillmore, S. A. E. and Prithiviraj, B. 2012. Characterizing nitrogen transfer from red clover populations to companion bluegrass under field conditions. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1163–1173. The ability of two red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cultivars, AC Christie (diploid) and Tempus (tetraploid), to transfer fixed nitrogen (N) to companion bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) was evaluated under field conditions. Plant samples were harvested three times during the 2009 growing season and N transfer from the red clover cultivars to bluegrass was determined using the natural abundance method for first harvest and 15N dilution techniques for second and third harvests. Soil and soil water samples were used to evaluate cultivar effects on soil N conditions. Both red clover cultivars derived more than 90% of their N from biological N fixation. The proportion of bluegrass N derived from interplant N transfer was 7, 11, and 26% for the first, second, and third harvests, respectively. Soil KCl extractable nitrate increased along the three cuts for Tempus in the 0 to 15-cm soil zone. Soil-water nitrate content increased periodically for AC Christie and remained constant for Tempus throughout the growing season. This result indicates that the two cultivars have distinctly different N cycling patterns.

scholarly journals Role of root exudates and root turnover in the below-ground N transfer from Canavalia ensiformis (jackbean) to the associated Musa acuminata (banana)

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Sierra ◽  
Lucienne Desfontaines
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudates ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Root Turnover ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
N Transfer ◽  
Donor Plant ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
N Release

Jackbean is an annual legume frequently used as green manure in tropical intercropping systems with bananas. Although the beneficial effect of nitrogen (N) release from above-ground residues on banana nutrition is well known, little information is available on the N transfer from jackbean roots before and after the above-ground harvest. The aim of this study was to assess the relative contribution of exudates and root turnover in the N transfer from jackbean to banana in a greenhouse experiment. Nitrogen transfer was studied in a 6-month trial using the 15N leaf feeding method, and estimated with a box model of 15N dilution based on the observed data of 15N content in exudates and decomposing roots. For the sowing–harvest period, the amount of N transferred from jackbean exudates represented 16% of banana N uptake and 0.7% of jackbean N uptake. Therefore, the N transfer flux via exudates was 23 times higher in terms of N input for the recipient plant than in terms of N output for the donor plant. This value, which is an index of the effectiveness of N transfer, was lower than those reported previously for other soil–plant systems in greenhouse conditions. This would be due to differences in root traits of the recipient plants. The amount of transferred N from root turnover after jackbean harvest represented 52% of banana N uptake in that period. The box model described N transfer from both legume N sources adequately (r2 = 0.92). For the whole experiment, 38% of banana N uptake was derived from jackbean (6% from exudates and 32% from root turnover), and 62% from soil N. The results indicated that N transfer from root exudates of jackbean would be a useful but minor process compared with N release from root turnover in soil. The experimental and theoretical approach proposed in this study may be useful in screening studies to assess the capability of herbaceous legumes to transfer N.

Plant species and mulch application rate affected decomposition of cover crop mulches used in organic rotational no-till systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Halde ◽  
Martin H. Entz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
N Content ◽  
Litter Bag ◽  
No Till ◽  
Application Rates

Decomposition of cover crop mulches has received little attention in the scientific literature, particularly in the context of the organic rotational no-till systems adapted for the climatic conditions of the northern Great Plains of Canada. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of plant species and mulch application rate on cover crop decomposition and mulch quality parameters over time. Using the litter bag technique, six plant species and two mulch application rates were tested twice in field studies at Carman, Manitoba, Canada. Among the plant species tested, decomposition was the fastest with oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and the slowest with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The effect of application rate on mulch biomass was not consistent between experiments. Mulches released a large amount (46.4%) of their initial N content after only 30 days of field placement, for all levels of plant species and mulch application rates combined. Forty-four percent of initial N content still remained in the mulches by early May (Day 250), and may be available for the subsequent crops seeded in the spring or later in the crop rotation. This research provides us with valuable information on nutrient release, soil cover, and potential weed control from mulches.

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