scholarly journals Origins, Diversity and Naturalization of Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae) in California

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1129
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Yost ◽  
Sascha L. Wise ◽  
Natalie L. R. Love ◽  
Dorothy A. Steane ◽  
Rebecca C. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Australian Population ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Chloroplast Haplotype ◽  
The World ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite

Eucalyptus globulus is native to southeastern Australia, including the island of Tasmania, but is one of the most widely grown hardwood forestry species in the world and is naturalized on several continents. We studied its naturalization in California, where the species has been planted for over 150 years. We sampled 70 E. globulus trees from 53 locations spanning the entire range of the species in California to quantify the genetic variation present and test whether particular genotypes or native origin affect variation in naturalization among locations. Diversity and native affinities were determined based on six nuclear microsatellite markers and sequences from a highly variable chloroplast DNA region (JLA+). The likely native origin was determined by DNA-based comparison with a range-wide native stand collection. Most of California’s E. globulus originated from eastern Tasmania. Genetic diversity in California is greatly reduced compared with that of the native Australian population, with a single chloroplast haplotype occurring in 66% of the Californian samples. Throughout California, the degree of E. globulus naturalization varies widely but was not associated with genotype or native origin of the trees, arguing that factors such as local climate and disturbance are more important than pre-introduction evolutionary history.

Molecular genetic diversity and population structure in Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. pauciflora (Myrtaceae) on the island of Tasmania

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Gauli ◽  
Dorothy A. Steane ◽  
René E. Vaillancourt ◽  
Brad M. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
The North ◽  
Chloroplast Haplotype ◽  
Molecular Genetic Diversity ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Markers

Genetic diversity and population structure of Tasmanian populations of Eucalyptus pauciflora were assessed using chloroplast and nuclear microsatellite markers. Maternal trees and open-pollinated progeny from 37 populations were sampled across the species’ geographic and altitudinal distribution in Tasmania. The distribution of chloroplast haplotype richness showed a clear geographic structure with suggestion of three major refugia (Storm Bay, Tamar Valley and St Pauls River Valley), two of which are consistent with previously reported glacial refugia. Chloroplast haplotype affinities provided evidence of migration of populations from the north and east towards the south and west of Tasmania. High nuclear microsatellite diversity was observed across the species’ range. Most of this variation was distributed within populations with low but significant FST, suggesting high gene flow among populations that is more pronounced in mature stands. Higher nuclear genetic diversity in newly colonised areas compared with lowland putative refugial regions, and the converse in chloroplast DNA markers, suggest limited seed dispersal into newly colonised regions combined with high pollen flow between different source populations in newly colonised areas. Our results do not support the suggestion that highland populations of E. pauciflora originate from in situ high-altitude refugia, but instead argue they originate from lowland refugia.

scholarly journals Homogenized Phylogeographic Structure across the Indo-Burma Ranges of a Large Monoecious Fig, Ficus altissima Blume

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
Jian-Feng Huang ◽  
Clive T. Darwell ◽  
Yan-Qiong Peng
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Chloroplast Haplotype ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Extinction Events

As well as bountiful natural resources, the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot features high rates of habitat destruction and fragmentation due to increasing human activity; however, most of the Indo-Burma species are poorly studied. The exploration of plants closely associated with human activity will further assist us to understand our influence in the context of the ongoing extinction events in the Anthropocene. This study, based on widely and intensively sampled F. altissima across Indo-Burma and the adjacent south China ranges, using both the chloroplast psbA-trnH spacer and sixteen newly developed nuclear microsatellite markers (nSSRs), aims to explore its spatial genetic structure. The results indicated low chloroplast haplotype diversity and a moderate level of nuclear genetic diversity. Although limited seed flow was revealed by psbA-trnH, no discernible phylogeographic structure was shown due to the low resolution of cpDNA markers and dominance of an ancestral haplotype. From the nSSRs data set, phylogeographic structure was homogenized, most likely due to extensive pollen flow mediated by pollinating fig wasps. Additionally, human cultivation and human-mediated transplanting further confounded the analyses of population structure. No geographic barriers are evident across the large study range, with F. altissima constituting a single population, and extensive human cultivation is likely to have had beneficial consequences for protecting the genetic diversity of F. altissima.

scholarly journals Microsatellite and morphological analysis of Eucalyptus globulus populations

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca C Jones ◽  
Dorothy A Steane ◽  
Bradley M Potts ◽  
René E Vaillancourt
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
The World ◽  
Plantation Species

Eucalyptus globulus Labill. is native to southeastern Australia and is the most important temperate hardwood plantation species in the world. It consists of four subspecies that are morphologically and geographically distinct but that are linked by morphologically and geographically intermediate populations. The Jeeralang provenance, an intermediate population from southeastern Victoria, is an important source of seed for plantations and genetic material for breeding programs because of its superior growth and wood density. To determine the genetic affinities of this provenance, 154 trees from three subspecies and the Jeeralang provenance were sampled. Analysis of 12 morphological characters verified that the Jeeralang provenance is intermediate between subspecies bicostata (Maiden, Blakely, & J. Simm.) Kirkpatr., globulus and pseudoglobulus (Naudin ex Maiden) Kirkpatr., with individuals having closest affinities to either ssp. globulus or ssp. bicostata. However, eight microsatellite loci showed that the Jeeralang provenance has greater affinities to Victorian ssp. globulus to which it is geographically closest. In contrast, Tasmanian and Victorian ssp. globulus are morphologically similar yet appear to be distinct at the molecular level. This study emphasizes the importance of using traits that are unlikely to be influenced by selection when determining the origin and affinities of populations.

scholarly journals A new species of Ampulicomorpha Ashmead from Eocene French amber, with a list of fossil and extant Embolemidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of the world

2020 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Cédric Chény ◽  
Elvis Guillam ◽  
André Nel ◽  
Vincent Perrichot
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Poor Group ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Eocene Amber

Embolemidae is a cosmopolitan but species-poor group of chrysidoid wasps with a scarce fossil record, despite a long evolutionary history since at least the Early Cretaceous. Here, the new species, Ampulicomorpha quesnoyensis sp. nov., is illustrated and described based on a single female found in Early Eocene amber of Oise (France). The new species is compared with the three other known fossil species of the genus, and a key to all fossil species of Ampulicomorpha is provided. This is the third European fossil species of Ampulicomorpha, which suggests that the genus was once well established in Western Europe while it is more widely distributed in the Eastern Palaearctic region today. A list of all fossil and extant Embolemidae of the world, as well as a map of their geographical distribution map, are provided.

scholarly journals Unveiling a unique genetic diversity of cultivated Coffea arabica L. in its main domestication center: Yemen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Montagnon ◽  
A. Mahyoub ◽  
W. Solano ◽  
F. Sheibani
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
The World ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Domestication Process ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Coffea Arabica L ◽  
Cup Quality

AbstractWhilst it is established that almost all cultivated coffee (Coffea arabica L.) varieties originated in Yemen after some coffee seeds were introduced into Yemen from neighboring Ethiopia, the actual coffee genetic diversity in Yemen and its significance to the coffee world had never been explored. We observed five genetic clusters. The first cluster, which we named the Ethiopian-Only (EO) cluster, was made up exclusively of the Ethiopian accessions. This cluster was clearly separated from the Yemen and cultivated varieties clusters, hence confirming the genetic distance between wild Ethiopian accessions and coffee cultivated varieties around the world. The second cluster, which we named the SL-17 cluster, was a small cluster of cultivated worldwide varieties and included no Yemen samples. Two other clusters were made up of worldwide varieties and Yemen samples. We named these the Yemen Typica-Bourbon cluster and the Yemen SL-34 cluster. Finally, we observed one cluster that was unique to Yemen and was not related to any known cultivated varieties and not even to any known Ethiopian accession: we name this cluster the New-Yemen cluster. We discuss the consequences of these findings and their potential to pave the way for further comprehensive genetic improvement projects for the identification of major resilience/adaptation and cup quality genes that have been shaped through the domestication process of C. arabica.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Rice stripe necrosis virus and New Insights into Evolution of the Genus Benyvirus

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 737
Author(s):  
Issiaka Bagayoko ◽  
Marcos Giovanni Celli ◽  
Gustavo Romay ◽  
Nils Poulicard ◽  
Agnès Pinel-Galzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Gene Recombination ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complex Evolutionary History

The rice stripe necrosis virus (RSNV) has been reported to infect rice in several countries in Africa and South America, but limited genomic data are currently publicly available. Here, eleven RSNV genomes were entirely sequenced, including the first corpus of RSNV genomes of African isolates. The genetic variability was differently distributed along the two genomic segments. The segment RNA1, within which clusters of polymorphisms were identified, showed a higher nucleotidic variability than did the beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) RNA1 segment. The diversity patterns of both viruses were similar in the RNA2 segment, except for an in-frame insertion of 243 nucleotides located in the RSNV tgbp1 gene. Recombination events were detected into RNA1 and RNA2 segments, in particular in the two most divergent RSNV isolates from Colombia and Sierra Leone. In contrast to BNYVV, the RSNV molecular diversity had a geographical structure with two main RSNV lineages distributed in America and in Africa. Our data on the genetic diversity of RSNV revealed unexpected differences with BNYVV suggesting a complex evolutionary history of the genus Benyvirus.

scholarly journals Intelligent Characterization of Lentil Genetic Resources: Evolutionary History, Genetic Diversity of Germplasm, and the Need for Well‐Represented Collections

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azalea Guerra‐García ◽  
Tania Gioia ◽  
Eric Wettberg ◽  
Giuseppina Logozzo ◽  
Roberto Papa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Evolutionary History

Forecasting the impacts of climate variability: lessons from the rainfed corn market in Ceará, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARIASTER B. CHIMELI ◽  
FRANCISCO DE ASSIS DE SOUZA FILHO ◽  
MARCOS COSTA HOLANDA ◽  
FRANCIS CARLO PETTERINI
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
The World ◽  
Forecast Models ◽  
Climatic Impacts ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACTA number of studies show that climatic shocks have significant economic impacts in several regions of the world, especially in, but not limited to, developing economies. In this paper we focus on a drought-related indicator of well-being and emergency spending in the Brazilian semi-arid zone – rainfed corn market – and estimate aggregate behavioral and forecast models for this market conditional on local climate determinants. We find encouraging evidence that our approach can help policy makers buy time to help them prepare for drought mitigating actions. The analysis is applicable to economies elsewhere in the world and climatic impacts other than those caused by droughts.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Avena strigosa Schreb. ecotypes on the basis of isoenzyme markers

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kubiak
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
Total Variability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intrapopulation Diversity ◽  
Very High

Genetic diversity ofAvena strigosaSchreb. ecotypes on the basis of isoenzyme markersGenetic diversity was analyzed in 19 ecotypes of the diploid oatA. strigosaoriginating from various geographical regions of the world. Six isoenzyme systems (AAT, ACP, EST, LAP, MDH, PX) were studied and 16 loci were identified. Only two loci (Est4andMdh2) were polymorphic. Ecotypes were characterized by the percentage of polymorphic loci (P=3.3%), the mean number of alleles per locus (A=1.04) and intrapopulation diversity (HS=0.013). Total genetic diversity (HT=0.07) and interpopulation diversity (DST=0.057) were examined as well. The value of the coefficient of gene differentiation (GST=0.821) indicated that diversity among populations was an important contributor to total variability. Genetic similarity betweenA. strigosapopulations was very high (IN=0.94). Cluster analysis did not demonstrate strongly differentiated groups among the ecotypes examined.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Salvia Species Assessed by ISSR and RAPD Markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh YOUSEFIAZARKHANIAN ◽  
Ali ASGHARI ◽  
Jafar AHMADI ◽  
Behvar ASGHARI ◽  
Ali Ashraf JAFARI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
The World

The genus Salvia includes an enormous assemblage of nearly 1,000 species dispersed around the world. Due to possible threats to this genus, there is an immediate requirement to evaluate the diversity of its wild populations. ISSR and RAPD molecular techniques were used to evaluate the genetic relationships among twenty-one ecotypes of eight Salvia species. Amplification of genomic DNA using 23 primers (15 RAPD and eight ISSR) produced 280 bands, of which 91% were polymorphic. The results of marker parameters showed no clear difference between two marker systems. It was generally observed that both ISSR and RAPD markers had similar efficiency in detecting genetic polymorphisms with remarkable ability to differentiate the closely related ecotypes of Salvia. Nei’s similarity coefficients for these techniques ranged from 0.48 to 0.98. Based on the results of clustering, PCoA and AMOVA, the genetic diversity between and within species was confirmed. So, conservation and domestication of the genus Salvia must be due to levels of genetic variations.

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