scholarly journals Iterative Method of Discriminant Analysis to Classify Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Forest

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1128
Author(s):  
Alvaro Sánchez-Medina ◽  
Esperanza Ayuga-Téllez ◽  
Maria Angeles Grande-Ortiz ◽  
Concepción González-García ◽  
Antonio García-Abril
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Height Measurement ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

We present a new method for the classification of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest plots based on discriminant and frequency analysis. This method can be used as a tool to allow experts to stratify beech forests in a simple and precise way. The method is based on discriminant analysis with cross-validation of 13 variables measured in 142 plots from the 2005 Second National Forest Inventory and 63 plots from an inventory installed in specific locations together with a frequency analysis of the qualifying variables. In the first stage, the method uses the results of a frequency analysis fitted with an iterative discriminant analysis that allows improving the subsequent classifications taking into account the results of the analysis and the correctly- and wrong-classified plots. This method is applied to beech forest in Burgos (Spain) where six structural groups were described. The discriminant functions show that forest structure depends basically on diameter distribution and almost 94% of the plots are correctly classified using this methodology. The high level of correctly assigned plots indicates an accurate classification of structure that can be used to stratify beech forests with only the diameter at breast height measurement.

scholarly journals Palaeoecology as a Tool for the Future Management of Forest Ecosystems in Hesse (Central Germany): Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) versus Lime (Tilia cordata Mill.)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 924
Author(s):  
Astrid Stobbe ◽  
Maren Gumnior
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
The Future ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Low Mountain Ranges ◽  
Intramontane Basins ◽  
Future Management

In the Central German Uplands, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies have been particularly affected by climate change. With the establishment of beech forests about 3000 years ago and pure spruce stands 500 years ago, they might be regarded as ‘neophytes’ in the Hessian forests. Palaeoecological investigations at wetland sites in the low mountain ranges and intramontane basins point to an asynchronous vegetation evolution in a comparatively small but heterogenous region. On the other hand, palynological data prove that sustainably managed woodlands with high proportions of Tilia have been persisting for several millennia, before the spread of beech took place as a result of a cooler and wetter climate and changes in land management. In view of increasingly warmer and drier conditions, Tilia cordata appears especially qualified to be an important silvicultural constituent of the future, not only due to its tolerance towards drought, but also its resistance to browsing, and the ability to reproduce vegetatively. Forest managers should be encouraged to actively promote the return to more stress-tolerant lime-dominated woodlands, similar to those that existed in the Subboreal chronozone.

scholarly journals Effects of Meteorological and Site Parameters on the Health Status of Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Forests in Hungary

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Gergely Janik ◽  
Zoltán Pödör ◽  
András Koltay ◽  
Anikó Hirka ◽  
János Juhász ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Hot Days ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Heavy Damage

The influence of meteorological parameters on the health status of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) was analyzed using long term datasets (1989-2010) collected in 15 sample plots located in Hungary’s main beech regions. Leaf loss values were correlated with different meteorological parameters as explanatory variables. Analysis was performed by the CReMIT (Cyclic Reverse Moving Intervals Techniques) method. Weather, stand, and site parameters were also examined with PCA for comparison. Leaf loss levels showed stronger correlations with maximum monthly temperatures than with monthly precipitation sums. The monthly number of summer days and monthly number of hot days displayed a similar correlation to leaf loss as the maximum monthly temperature did. The correlations were regularly stronger and more frequent on more arid sites where the climate is less favorable for beech. Temperature affected leaf loss more than precipitation did. Our results show that beech forests may suffer heavy damage if climate change continues as projected.

scholarly journals Extent and distribution of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) regeneration by adult trees individually dispersed over a spruce monoculture

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 589-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dobrovolný ◽  
V. Tesař
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Curve ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Acceptable Method ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Individual Trees

Recently individually dispersed adult beech trees have regenerated in spruce monocultures and this fact could be used to manage the transformation of stands into a mixed forest. Three such cases in the fir-beech and spruce-beech forest zones were analyzed. Beech regeneration is dispersed to distances of several hundred meters regardless of the configuration of the terrain. Using a model we describe this process by a dispersion curve that can be broken up into three sections: (1) directly under the crown as the result of barochory; (2) from 15 to 30 m from the trunk, where the barochoric and zoochoric dispersal of beech nuts intersects; (3) from the "breakpoint" to farther away as a result of zoochory. Regeneration is utilizable as an optimal or at least acceptable method for creating the next economically valuable stands only in sections 1 and 2. In section 3 individual trees may be the central points for the transformation of the second successive forest generation. With spontaneous development without protection from game the density is in the range of hundreds of individuals; in protected groups density can be in the range of tens of thousands of individuals per hectare.

scholarly journals The Impact of Adverse Weather and Climate on the Width of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Tree Rings in Southeastern Europe

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Stjepanović ◽  
Bratislav Matović ◽  
Dejan Stojanović ◽  
Branislava Lalić ◽  
Tom Levanič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
The Impact

European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is the most important deciduous tree species in Europe. According to different climate scenarios, there is a relatively high probability of a massive decline in and loss of beech forests in southern Europe and in the southern part of central Europe. Thus, the authors of this study explored the dynamics of tree diameter increments and the influence of extremely dry years on the width of tree rings. This study used dendroecological methods to analyze the growth and diameter increments of European beech trees at locations in Serbia and the Republic of Srpska. The sampling was conducted along the vertical distribution of beech forests, at five sites at the lower limit of the distribution, at five optimal sites of the distribution, and at five sites at the upper limit of the distribution. Long-term analyses indicate that dry conditions during a growing season can reduce tree-ring width, but a reduction in tree growth can be expected as a result of more than one season of unfavorable conditions. Low temperatures in autumn and winter and prolonged winters can strongly affect upcoming vegetation and reduce tree development even under normal thermal conditions during a growing season.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic activity of Fagus sylvatica L. and Quercus petraea (Matt) Liebl. in a mixed stand at Maljen mountain

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-306
Author(s):  
Zorica Popovic ◽  
Aleksandar Mijovic ◽  
Branko Karadzic ◽  
Miroslava Mijatovic ◽  
S. Skoric
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
Water Saturation Deficit ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

Estimation of the photosynthetic performance of co-existing tree species with pronounced differences in ecophysiological context (Aranda et al. 1996 Leuschner et al. 2001) could provide insight into their vitality and competitive abilities at a particular site. Gas exchange, composition of photosynthetic pigments, and the water status of beech (Fagus sylvatica L) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt) Liebl) were studied in the present work. The investigation was performed on Mt. Maljen (Western Serbia, near the town of Mionica) at an altitude of 950 m, in an ecotope within the confines of the mountain's beech forest belt. Codominant samplings [three of each species, 30-years old (n=6), 10-12 m high] were selected for the measurements, which were conducted on fully developed leaves from the out?ermost branches and from the innermost canopy. Photosynthetic measurements were performed using an LI-6200 closed photo?synthesis system (LI-Cor. Inc, Lincoln, NE, USA), while irradiance was detected with a selenium cell mounted on the leaf chamber. Parameters of gas exchange are expressed on the basis of leaf area, using the AREAMETER software (Karadzic et al. 1999). Chlorophyll content was spectrophotometrically determined based on light absorption of the solution obtained after extraction with dMSO (Hiscox and Israelstam, 1979). The midday water saturation deficit was determined according to Turner (1981). For data analysis, we used the Statistic for Windows program package. The ANOVA one-way break?down was applied to compare differences within (leaves inside vs. leaves outside the surface of the tree canopy) and between species for all investigated parameters at the 0.05 level of significance.

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