scholarly journals Phenotypic Variability and Differences in the Drought Response of Norway Spruce Pendula and Pyramidalis Half-Sib Families

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 947
Author(s):  
Marius Budeanu ◽  
Ecaterina Nicoleta Apostol ◽  
Emanuel Besliu ◽  
Vlad Emil Crișan ◽  
Any Mary Petritan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Comparative Trial ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Recovery Capacity ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Wood Resistance

In a changing climate, forest managers need to select productive and climate-change-resilient tree species and provenances. Therefore, assessing the growth response of provenances growing in field trials to climate provides useful information for identifying the more appropriate provenance or variety. To determine the genetic gain through selection of the most productive and resilient families and to decipher the role of crown forms of Norway spruces (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), we used 24 families with a classical crown (pyramidalis) and 24 with a narrow crown (pendula) from eight provenances, growing in a 25-year-old comparative trial. The annual wood characteristics (ring width and early- and latewood), the wood resistance (expressed by latewood proportion (LWP)), and the growth response to climate of the two spruce crown forms were investigated. No significant differences between the two spruce forms were found regarding the ring width characteristics. However, three pendula families of Stâna de Vale I provenance exhibited the highest LWP and could be included in a future selection strategy, the respective trait having also high heritability. Radial growth was positively and significantly correlated with previous September and current July precipitation and negatively with current June temperature. Both spruce forms showed good recovery capacity after a drought event.

scholarly journals Selection of cotton lines for high oil content

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 530-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Paulo de Carvalho ◽  
Josiane Isabela da Silva Rodrigues ◽  
Francisco José Correia Farias
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Expected Gain ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the oil content and characters related to fiber quality and yield in cotton lines (Gossypium hirsutum), in order to select genotypes with high oil content and acceptable levels of the other characters. Twenty-two F6 lines and three checks were cultivated in three field trials - two in the municipality of Apodi, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, and one in the municipality of Barbalha, in the state of Ceará, both in Brazil. The genetic parameters and the genetic gain from selecting 20% of the lines were estimated according to their means in each environment and in the group of environments. Regarding oil content, there is genetic variability, and the selection based on the overall mean is indicated, since this character showed high heritability, with 4.58% expected gain. The lines selected with this criterion have oil contents between 23.52 and 24.51%, which are higher than those of the Brazilian cultivar BRS Aroeira with the highest grain oil content (22.04%).

scholarly journals Genotypic and phenotypic variability in mango (Mangifera indica L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-690
Author(s):  
DAN Majumder ◽  
L Hassan ◽  
MA Rahim ◽  
MM Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Fruit Harvest

Sixty mango genotypes were studied to find out their variability, heritability, and genetic advance. Significant variations were observed in 20 characters. There were also considerable differences between the genotypic and the phenotypic coefficients of variation for almost all the characters which indicated the influence of environment on the expression of these traits. Among the studied characters, GCV and PCV were high for weight of harvested fruits per plant, % fruit harvest per inflorescence, % initial fruit set per inflorescence, number of fruits per plant and number of main branches per inflorescence. All the characters showed considerably high heritability which ranged from 56.21 to 98.24% and the genetic advance (as % of mean) was high for the maximum traits. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed in weight of harvested fruits per plant, % initial fruit set per inflorescence, % of flowering shoot, number of inflorescences per shoot, percent fruit harvest per inflorescence, number of main branches per inflorescence, number of fruits per plant, number of inflorescences per shoot, plant height (cm), and percent perfect flowers which indicated that these characters were less influenced by environment confirming predominance of additive gene action and therefore, selection in favour of these characters would be feasible for yield improvement of mango. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i4.14393 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(4): 683-690, December 2012

Rhizobium Inoculation Increases of Bean and Maize Yields in Intercrops on Farms in the Peruvian Sierra

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pineda ◽  
J. A. Kipe-Nolt ◽  
E. Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rhizobium Inoculation ◽  
Plant Growth Response ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

SUMMARYNitrogen deficiency severely limits production of the bean–maize association grown by small-scale farmers in upland Peru. Sixty-four bean Rhizobium isolates were evaluated for induction of a plant growth response in pots of soil from the area and 14 of the most promising strains of these were tested on farmers' fields in 13 trials over a three year period. Bean yields were increased by inoculation with at least one Rhizobium strain in seven of the trials, with increases ranging from 0.21 to 0.68 t ha−1. Bean yields were not increased by the application of 120 kg N ha−1 to the intercrop. Maize yields were increased by Rhizobium inoculation in nine of the 13 trials by between 0.34 and 1.85 t ha−1. Maize responded to nitrogen fertilizer on the same nine farms. This Rhizobium selection strategy, although laborious, was effective in identifying strains that can be recommended for use as inoculants by farmers in the region.

scholarly journals Reproductive Cold Stress Tolerance in Sorghum F1 Hybrids is a Heterotic Trait

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
André Schaffasz ◽  
Steffen Windpassinger ◽  
Rod Snowdon ◽  
Benjamin Wittkop
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
High Heritability

The sensitivity of sorghum to pre-flowering cold stress, resulting in reduced pollen viability and poor seed set, is a major constraint for expanding growing areas into higher altitudes and latitudes. Nevertheless, compared to juvenile cold tolerance, reproductive cold tolerance in sorghum has received much less attention so far, and very little is known about its inheritance in F1-hybrids. We have composed a representative factorial (n = 49 experimental F1-hybrids) for a comprehensive study on heterosis and combining ability for crucial tolerance traits as spikelet fertility (panicle harvest index), seed yield and pollen viability, using field trials in stress- and control environments in Germany and Mexico as well as climate chamber experiments. Our results indicate a heterotic and rather dominant inheritance of reproductive cold tolerance in sorghum, with strong effects of female general combining ability (GCA) on F1-hybrid performance in our material. These findings, together with the comparatively low contribution of specific combining ability (SCA) effects and high heritability estimates, suggest that robust and efficient enhancement of reproductive cold tolerance is feasible via hybrid breeding.

Development of tree-ring width chronologies and tree-growth response to climate in the mountains surrounding the Issyk-Kul Lake, Central Asia

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongwen Zhang ◽  
Yujiang Yuan ◽  
Qing He ◽  
Wenshou Wei ◽  
Mamatkanov Diushen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Tree Ring Width

Research on Response of Drought Events in Mountain Area of Haihe River Basin Based on Multi-Source Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3026-3031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yin ◽  
Deng Hua Yan ◽  
Zhi Yong Yang ◽  
Zhe Yuan ◽  
Cai Lian Hao
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Haihe River Basin ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Haihe River ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Humidity Index

Proxy data, measured data and historical records were assembled to study the drought events response features in the mountain area of Haihe Basin. Tree-ring width data (proxy) and historical records were used to analyze the response features of drought events to proxy. Meteorological data was introduced to calculate relative humidity index to raise the accuracy rate of tree-ring width indexs indication to drought event. Hydrological data was introduced to calculate runoff departure percentage to verify the conclusion that precipitation is the main factor affecting the tree-ring width of Chinese pine in Xiaowutai Mountain.

scholarly journals Inoculation of native symbiotic effective Sinorhizobium spp. enhanced soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain yield in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diriba Temesgen ◽  
Fassil Assefa
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Pgp Traits ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Abstract Background Soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] is an annual leguminous crop serving as a source of food and feed, green manure, biodiesel and fiber. It is nodulated by diverse slow growing and fast growing rhizobia belonging to the genus Bradyrhizobium and Sinorhizobium, respectively. In Ethiopia, it has been cultivated since 1950s with lower grain yield history. Yield improvement efforts have been more concentrated on agronomic studies, inoculation of exotic Bradyrhizobium japonicum including TAL379 and/or fertilizer application. The results have usually been unsatisfactory and inconsistent. This study was initiated to identify promising indigenous soybean rhizobial inoculant that can enhance yield of the crop in the country. Methods Native soybean rhizobia, designated GMR for Glycine max rhizobia, were trapped using soybean (cv. Ethio-Yugoslavia) from soils collected across agro-ecologies of Ethiopia. They were screened for in vitro tolerance against physico-chemical stresses, plant growth promoting (PGP) traits and symbiotic performances at greenhouse and field levels. A reference B. japonicum (TAL379) was included in all experiments. A soybean plant growth promoting Achromobacter sp. was also included in field trials for co-inoculation. Quantitative data were assessed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) employing SAS computer software package version 9.3. Mean separations were undertaken using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at p ≤ 0.05. Phenotypic variability of the test bacteria was undertaken using PAST4.03 Computer Software. Result GMR that produced acid and grew faster with larger colonies were identified as Sinorhizobium spp. and those which produced alkali and grew slowly with smaller colonies were identified as Bradyrhizobium spp. though further genetic analysis should be performed for verification and identification of their genus and species, respectively. Two Sinorhizobium spp. (GMR120C and GMR125B) profoundly nodulated different soybean cultivars under greenhouse conditions and significantly improved grain yield (p ≤ 0.05; maximum 3.98 tons ha−1) compared to 2.41, 2.82 and 2.69 recorded as maximum grain yield (tons ha−1) for TAL379 inoculation, positive control and negative control, respectively in field trials. Higher yield was recorded when GMR125B was co-inoculated with Achromobacter sp., but when GMR120C was inoculated singly. These GMR also showed efficient utilization of numerous substrates, some PGP traits and potential adaptation to various ecological stresses. Conclusion The two Sinorhizobium spp. (GMR120C and GMR125B) are promising soybean inoculants that can be used to enhance the productivity of the crop in the country.

scholarly journals What are the main climate drivers for shrub growth in Northeastern Siberian tundra?

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 771-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Blok ◽  
U. Sass-Klaassen ◽  
G. Schaepman-Strub ◽  
M. M. P. D. Heijmans ◽  
P. Sauren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Vegetation Shifts ◽  
Pearson's R ◽  
Pearson’S R

Abstract. Deciduous shrubs are expected to rapidly expand in the Arctic during the coming decades due to climate warming. A transition towards more shrub-dominated tundra may have large implications for the regional surface energy balance, permafrost stability and carbon storage capacity, with consequences for the global climate system. However, little information is available on the natural long-term shrub growth response to climatic variability. Our aim was to determine the climate factor and time period that are most important to annual shrub growth in our research site in NE-Siberia. Therefore, we determined annual radial growth rates in Salix pulchra and Betula nana shrubs by measuring ring widths. We constructed shrub ring width chronologies and compared growth rates to regional climate and remotely sensed greenness data. Early summer temperature was the most important factor influencing ring width of S. pulchra (Pearson's r=0.73, p<0.001) and B. nana (Pearson's r=0.46, p<0.001). No effect of winter precipitation on shrub growth was observed. In contrast, summer precipitation of the previous year correlated positively with B. nana ring width (r=0.42, p<0.01), suggesting that wet summers facilitate shrub growth in the following growing season. S. pulchra ring width correlated positively with peak summer NDVI, despite the small coverage of S. pulchra shrubs (<5% surface cover) in our research area. We provide the first climate-growth study on shrubs for Northeast Siberia, the largest tundra region in the world. We show that two deciduous shrub species with markedly different growth forms have a similar growth response to changes in climate. The obtained shrub growth response to climate variability in the past increases our understanding of the mechanisms underlying current shrub expansion, which is required to predict future climate-driven tundra vegetation shifts.

Variation in radial growth patterns of Pseudotsuga menziesii on the central coast of British Columbia, Canada

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1946-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-Bin Zhang ◽  
Richard J Hebda
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Bella Coola ◽  
Growing Season Precipitation

Radial growth of trees in mountainous areas is subject to conditions associated with changes in elevation. We present ring-width chronologies for Douglas-fir trees (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) at nine sites spanning low to high elevations in the Bella Coola area of the central coast of British Columbia, near the northern limits of the species distribution, and investigate the variation in tree-ring growth patterns in relation to different elevations, using principal component (PC) analysis. We find that the first PC, which represents 55.6% of the total variance, reflects a common growth response at sites of different elevation. Response function analysis indicates that growing season precipitation is the major factor in controlling tree-ring growth. This factor explains more of the variance in low-elevation sites than it does in high-elevation ones. Temperature in August of the preceding year shows a negative relationship to ring-width growth. The second PC represents 16.7% of the total variance and reveals a distinct difference in growth response between low- and high-elevation sites. The length and temperature of the growing season seem to play an important role in tree-ring growth at sites of high elevation. Comparison of the Bella Coola records with those from southern Vancouver Island suggests that growing season precipitation influences growth of Douglas-fir on a macroregional scale, but other factors such as temperature modify the growth response at the limits of the distribution of the species.

scholarly journals Qualitative Traits of Norway Spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] Depending on First-Order Branches: Evaluation in Comparative Trials

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Marius BUDEANU ◽  
Neculae SOFLETEA ◽  
Gheorghe PARNUTA
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
Genetic Value ◽  
Number Of Branches

To establish the most important Norway spruce Romanian populations in order to improve the genetic value of future forests, open-pollinated progeny of ten plus trees originating from 33 Norway spruce seed sources were evaluated at the age of 30 years in two field trials established in different site conditions: outside (Avrig trial) versus natural range (Breţcu trial) of Norway spruce in Romania. Evaluations have been made concerning the most important branches characteristics, influencing wood quality: Number of branches per whorl, dominant branch insertion angle, dominant branch diameter and branch finesse. Highly significant differences (p<0.001) were found among seed sources in both sites for all of the analyzed traits. The strong populations × localities interaction show the high spruce ability to react to the changing environmental conditions. Near-sites populations were placed in the first half of ranking. Smaller values were recorded in the Avrig trial than in the Breţcu trial for the number of branches per whorl (4.5%) and branches finesse (5.1%). The populations from the Eastern Carpathians stand out by showing sustained growth and superior wood quality, while the populations from the Western Romanian Carpathians generally have smaller differences between the mean values of analysed traits in both field trials. Simultaneous improvement of the spruce following quantitative and qualitative traits pending on the number of branches per whorl and branches diameter is contraindicated. The two-stage selection strategy seems to be applicable in this case.

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