scholarly journals Diurnal Tree Stem CH4 and N2O Flux Dynamics from a Riparian Alder Forest

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 863
Author(s):  
Thomas Schindler ◽  
Katerina Machacova ◽  
Ülo Mander ◽  
Jordi Escuer-Gatius ◽  
Kaido Soosaar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N2o Flux ◽  
Flux Dynamics ◽  
Diurnal Variability ◽  
Alder Forest ◽  
Gas Fluxes ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

Tree stems play an important role in forest methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) flux dynamics. Our paper aimed to determine the unknown diurnal variability of CH4 and N2O exchange in grey alder tree stems. The gas fluxes in tree stems and adjacent soil were measured using manual static and dynamic chamber systems with gas chromatographic and laser-spectroscopic analysis, respectively. The alder trees were predominant emitters of CH4 and N2O; however, N2O emission from stems was negligible. The soil mainly emitted N2O into the atmosphere and was both a source and sink of CH4, depending on environmental conditions. Neither the tree stems nor the riparian forest soil showed significant differences in their CH4 and N2O fluxes between the daytime and nighttime, independently of the exchange rates. In contrast to several previous studies revealing a diurnal variability of greenhouse gas fluxes from tree stems, our investigation did not show any clear daytime–nighttime differences. On the other hand, we found quite clear seasonal dynamics initiated by changing environmental conditions, such as temperature and soil water conditions and tree physiological activity. Our results imply a transport role of tree stems for soil-produced CH4 and N2O rather than the production of these gases in tree tissues, even though this cannot be excluded.

scholarly journals Effects of steel slag and biochar amendments on CO2, CH4, and N2O flux, and rice productivity in a subtropical Chinese paddy field

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 1419-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Wang ◽  
Weiqi Wang ◽  
Jordi Sardans ◽  
Ankit Singla ◽  
Congsheng Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
N2o Flux ◽  
Rice Productivity ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

CH4 and N2O Flux in Subarctic Agricultural Soils

2018 ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
V.L. Cochran ◽  
S.F. Schlentner ◽  
A.R. Mosier
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
N2o Flux ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

Sea animal activity controls CO2, CH4 and N2O emission hotspots on South Georgia, sub-Antarctica

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 174-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiyan Wang ◽  
Ludovica D'Imperio ◽  
Bei Liu ◽  
Qingjiu Tian ◽  
Zhongjun Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N2o Emission ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Animal Activity ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

scholarly journals Nitrous oxide flux from nitric-acid-treated cattle slurry applied to grassland under semi-controlled conditions

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.L. Velthof ◽  
O. Oenema
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
N2o Flux ◽  
Surface Application ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Flux ◽  
N2o Fluxes ◽  
Oxide Flux

Nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes from cattle slurry after surface application to grassland were measured under semi-controlled environmental conditions during three periods in 1991. Three types of cattle slurry were examined; untreated slurry and slurries treated with nitric acid (HNO3) to pH 6.0 and 4.5. Treatment with HNO3 is a proposed technique to reduce ammonia volatilization from slurry during storage, and during and after surface application. N2O flux was determined one to four times a day for 7 to 18 days after application of 0.64 to 3.8 kg slurry/msuperscript 2. Slurry-derived fluxes were greater from treated slurries than from untreated slurries. Cumulative N2O losses ranged from

scholarly journals Amblyomma mixtum free-living stages: Summer and winter use, preference, and niche width in an agroecosystem (Yopal, Casanare, Colombia)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elkin Forero-Becerra ◽  
Alberto Acosta ◽  
Efraín Benavides ◽  
Marylin Hidalgo
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Niche Width ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Radiation Maximum

AbstractStudying a species’ tolerance to an ecosystem’s environmental conditions and its selection of available resources is relevant in ecological and evolutionary terms. Moreover, formulation of effective control strategies implicitly includes the study of habitat use and preference and niche width in anthropogenically transformed natural landscapes. Here, we evaluated whether the use, habitat preference, and niche range of the Amblyomma mixtum tick changed between stages, habitats, and seasons (summer-winter 2019) on a farm in Yopal (Casanare, Colombia). To this end, the presence and relative abundance of larvae, nymphs, and free-living adults was quantified in four different habitats according to the type of vegetation cover (Riparian Forest, Cocoa Crop, King Grass Crop, and Star Grass Paddock). Habitat availability was calculated, environmental variables were analyzed, and various indices of habitat use and preference and niche width were calculated. A. mixtum’s habitat use and preference and niche width changed between stages, habitat types, and time of the year. The total abundance of A. mixtum was an order of magnitude greater in summer than winter. Nymphs and larvae dominated it in the summer and adults in the winter. In summer, all the stages used the four habitats. In winter, the larvae did not use two habitats (Riparian Forest and Cocoa Crop); nymphs did not use the cocoa crop. A. mixtum adults used all the habitats in both seasons. In summer, the nymphs and larvae preferred three of the four habitats (King Grass Crop, Star Grass Paddock, and Cocoa Crops), while adults preferred the King Grass Crop. In winter, the nymphs and larvae preferred the King Grass Crop and Star Grass Paddock, while the adults preferred the King Grass Crop. The value of the niche width index was high for larvae, nymphs, and adults in summer, while it was high only for adults in winter. A. mixtum is exposed to significant daily, seasonal, and multiannual variations in relative humidity (minimum 30%), ambient temperature (minimum 18°C), solar radiation (maximum 800 W/m2), and precipitation (maximum 481 mm/month). Thus, the local A. mixtum population could rapidly acclimatize to changing habitats (unstable or temporary) under fluctuating environmental conditions (e.g., King Grass Crop). However, the winter flood season in Yopal could exceed A. mixtum’s adaptive capacity during its most vulnerable stages. Mathematically, a low number of female A. mixtum, surviving the most demanding environmental conditions, could sufficiently ensure the population’s persistence, which, coupled with the vast host range, could facilitate the ticks stages’ dispersal among habitats to complete their life cycle. A. mixtum’s population control should be carried out during its season of greater vulnerability (winter), when the population is low, particularly the females.

scholarly journals Nitrate and dissolved nitrous oxide in groundwater within cropped fields and riparian buffers

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 651-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.-G. Kim ◽  
T. M. Isenhart ◽  
T. B. Parkin ◽  
R. C. Schultz ◽  
T. E. Loynachan
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Riparian Buffers ◽  
Riparian Buffer ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
N2o Flux ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Ipcc Methodology ◽  
Cool Season Grass

Abstract. Transport and fate of dissolved nitrous oxide (N2O) in groundwater and its significance to nitrogen dynamics within agro-ecosystems are poorly known in spite of significant potential of N2O to global warming and ozone depletion. Increasing denitrification in riparian buffers may trade a reduction in nitrate (NO3−) transport to surface waters for increased N2O emissions resulting from denitrification-produced N2O dissolved in groundwater being emitted into the air when groundwater flows into a stream or a river. This study quantifies the transport and fate of NO3− and dissolved N2O moving from crop fields through riparian buffers, assesses whether groundwater exported from crop fields and riparian buffers is a significant source of dissolved N2O emissions, and evaluates the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology to estimate dissolved N2O emission. We measured concentrations of NO3−; chloride (Cl−); pH; dissolved N2O, dissolved oxygen (DO), and organic carbon (DOC) in groundwater under a multi-species riparian buffer, a cool-season grass filter, and adjacent crop fields located in the Bear Creek watershed in central Iowa, USA. In both the multi-species riparian buffer and the cool-season grass filter, concentrations of dissolved N2O in the groundwater did not change as it passed through the sites, even when the concentrations of groundwater NO3− were decreased by 50% and 59%, respectively, over the same periods. The fraction of N lost to leaching and runoff (0.05) and the modified N2O emission factor, [ratio of dissolved N2O flux to N input (0.00002)] determined for the cropped fields indicate that the current IPCC methodology overestimates dissolved N2O flux in the sites. A low ratio between dissolved N2O flux and soil N2O emission (0.0003) was estimated in the cropped fields. These results suggest that the riparian buffers established adjacent to crop fields for water quality functions (enhanced denitrification) decreased NO3− and were not a source of dissolved N2O. Also, the flux of dissolved N2O from the cropped field was negligible in comparison to soil N2O emission in the crop fields.

scholarly journals Temporal and microtopographical variations in greenhouse gas fluxes from riparian forest soils along headwater streams

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa K. Silverthorn ◽  
John S. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Riparian Zone ◽  
Headwater Streams ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Riparian Zones ◽  
Gas Fluxes ◽  
Ghg Fluxes

Abstract Riparian zones of headwater streams have valuable ecosystem functions and are prevalent across many landscapes. Nevertheless, studies of greenhouse gas (GHG; CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O) fluxes from these unique ecosystems, with fluctuating water tables and high soil organic matter, remain limited. Our objectives were to (1) to quantify the effects of local riparian groundwater conditions on soil GHG flux rates, namely to determine if groundwater discharge (DIS) areas in the riparian zone would have higher soil moisture than adjacent non-discharge (ND) areas in the riparian zone, impacting GHG fluxes; and (2) to examine the relationship between GHG fluxes, soil moisture, soil temperature, and groundwater depth. We measured gas fluxes in situ alongside two relatively undisturbed headwater streams over one year, using closed static chambers and gas chromatography. We found that, although not significant, DIS areas had on average lower CH 4 uptake and lower CO 2 emissions than ND areas. We further found that soil temperature explained 30.0% and 26.2% of variation in CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes, respectively, and soil moisture explained 9.8% of variation in CH 4 fluxes. Our results provide information on the magnitude and drivers of GHG fluxes in riparian zones to help inform GHG budgets and forest management.

Effect of mid-season drainage on CH4 and N2O emission and grain yield in rice ecosystem: A meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 1028-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Liu ◽  
Tong Zhou ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Xuhui Zhang ◽  
Lianqing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
Rice Ecosystem

scholarly journals Does influent C/N ratio affect pollutant removal and greenhouse gas emission in wastewater ecological soil infiltration systems with/without intermittent aeration?

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-678
Author(s):  
Junling Pang ◽  
Mo Yang ◽  
Deli Tong ◽  
Xu Fu ◽  
Linli Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Intermittent Aeration ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

Abstract Wastewater ecological soil infiltration system (WESIS) is a land treatment technology for decentralized wastewater treatment that has been applied all over the world. In this study, the pollutant removal, emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and functional gene abundances with different influent C/N ratios were evaluated in WESISs with/without intermittent aeration. Intermittent aeration and influent C/N ratio affect pollutant removal and GHG emission. Increased influent C/N ratio led to high total nitrogen (TN) removal, low CH4 and N2O emission in the aerated WESIS, which was different from the non-aerated WESIS. High average removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (94.8%), NH4+-N (95.1%), TN (91.2%), total phosphorus (TP) (91.1%) and low emission rates for CH4 (27.2 mg/(m2 d)) and N2O (10.5 mg/(m2 d)) were achieved with an influent C/N ratio of 12:1 in the aerated WESIS. Intermittent aeration enhanced the abundances of bacterial 16S rRNA, amoA, nxrA, narG, napA, nirK, nirS, qnorB, nosZ genes and decreased the abundances of the mcrA gene, which are involved in pollutant removal and GHG emission. Intermittent aeration would be an effective alternative to achieving high pollutant removal and low CH4 and N2O emission in high influent C/N ratio wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O dynamics in the boreal forest–mire ecotone

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Tupek ◽  
K. Minkkinen ◽  
J. Pumpanen ◽  
T. Vesala ◽  
E. Nikinmaa
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
N2o Fluxes ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Boreal Landscapes

Abstract. In spite of advances in greenhouse gas research, the spatiotemporal CH4 and N2O dynamics of boreal landscapes remain challenging, e.g., we need clarification of whether forest–mire transitions are occasional hotspots of landscape CH4 and N2O emissions during exceptionally high and low ground water level events. In our study, we tested the differences and drivers of CH4 and N2O dynamics of forest/mire types in field conditions along the soil moisture gradient of the forest–mire ecotone. Soils changed from Podzols to Histosols and ground water rose downslope from a depth of 10 m in upland sites to 0.1 m in mires. Yearly meteorological conditions changed from being exceptionally wet to typical and exceptionally dry for the local climate. The median fluxes measured with a static chamber technique varied from −51 to 586 μg m−2 h−1 for CH4 and from 0 to 6 μg m−2 h−1 for N2O between forest and mire types throughout the entire wet–dry period. In spite of the highly dynamic soil water fluctuations in carbon rich soils in forest–mire transitions, there were no large peak emissions in CH4 and N2O fluxes and the flux rates changed minimally between years. Methane uptake was significantly lower in poorly drained transitions than in the well-drained uplands. Water-saturated mires showed large CH4 emissions, which were reduced entirely during the exceptional summer drought period. Near-zero N2O fluxes did not differ significantly between the forest and mire types probably due to their low nitrification potential. When upscaling boreal landscapes, pristine forest–mire transitions should be regarded as CH4 sinks and minor N2O sources instead of CH4 and N2O emission hotspots.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document