scholarly journals The Effect of Seed Size on Germination and Seedling Growth in Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 858
Author(s):  
Katarina Tumpa ◽  
Antonio Vidaković ◽  
Damir Drvodelić ◽  
Mario Šango ◽  
Marilena Idžojtić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

The quantity and quality of seedlings in the nursery has an impact on the success of re-establishment and later growth. High germination rates enable a sufficient number of seedlings, and their quality is assessed using a number of parameters, including seedling height and root collar diameter. These parameters are influenced in some species by seed size, but the correlation between them is species-specific. The model species in this research was sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), and seeds from 12 populations from two distinct biogeographical regions of Croatia were collected. We examined the influence of seed size on four parameters: germination rate, seedling height, root collar diameter and sturdiness quotient. Seed size has been shown to have a positive influence on both seedling height and root collar diameter, whereas no such correlation was noted for germination rate and sturdiness quotient. Significant differences in nut size and seedling growth parameters were found between the Mediterranean and continental populations, with higher values observed in the coastal Mediterranean populations. We concluded that seed origin and seed size have a significant impact on seedling growth and are important factors to consider when choosing seed material. Further nursery operations should consider seed origin and local environmental conditions when choosing seedlings for reforestation efforts and general forest operations.

scholarly journals Effect of Seed Size ofAfzelia quanzensison Germination and Seedling Growth

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kupatsa Mtambalika ◽  
Chimuleke Munthali ◽  
Dominic Gondwe ◽  
Edward Missanjo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Afzelia Quanzensis ◽  
Food Reserves ◽  
Root Collar

Afzelia quanzensisWelw is a valuable timber producing tree species in Africa. A study was conducted to evaluate the influence of seed size on seed germination and seedlings quality ofAfzelia quanzensis. Seed was categorized into three groups in regard to their length, small (<1.5 cm), medium (≥ 1.5 ≤ 2.5 cm), and large (>2.5 cm). The treatments were completely randomized into four replications. Germination percentage was not significantly(P>0.05)different between the treatments, although large seeds had the highest germination percentage of 94.9%. There were significant(P<0.05)differences in seedling height and root collar diameter among the different seed sizes, with large seeds having the highest seedlings height and largest root collar diameter. This was attributed to differences in the food reserves. Survival of transplants from shoot dieback was significantly(P<0.05)different such that seedlings from large seed attained the highest survival of 92%. It is therefore recommended that, for production of high quality transplants in the nursery, large seeds should be used.

scholarly journals Seedling Growth of Tectona grandis using Different Potting Mixture

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
G. E. Omokhua ◽  
C. Fredrick ◽  
C. N. Okakpu
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

Aims: This study evaluated the influence of 11 potting media compositions on seedling growth and development of Tectona grandis. Study Design: The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design involving ten replicates. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Nursery, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, between April 2019 and April 2020. Methodology: Ten (10) seedlings per sowing media including topsoil, topsoil and cow dung (2:1, 3:1), topsoil and poultry dung (2:1, 3:1), topsoil and pig dung (2.1, 3:1), topsoil and sawdust (2.1, 3:1), topsoil and mushroom substrate (2.1, 3:1) were selected and transplanted into polybags. Growth parameters (seedling height, root collar diameter, leaf number and biomass (shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW) and total dry weight (TDW)) were determined and subjected to analysis of variance. Results: Seedlings of T. grandis displayed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in height, root collar diameter, leaf number and biomass. Among treatments, tallest seedlings were observed in mixture of topsoil and poultry dung (3:1), at months 1 to 3 and in mixture of topsoil and cow dung (3:1) at months 4 and 5, highest root collar diameter was observed in mixture of topsoil and poultry dung (3:1) and highest leaf number was recorded in mixture of topsoil and poultry dung (2:1 and 3:1) and topsoil and cow dung (2:1 and 3:1) at months 1 to 5. The highest SDW was evident in mixture of topsoil and poultry dung (2:1) while highest RDW and TDW were observed in mixture of topsoil and cow dung (3:1). Lowest height, diameter, leaf number and biomass were recorded in topsoil (control) at months 1 to 5. Conclusion: The results revealed that among the tested mixtures, topsoil and poultry dung and topsoil and cow dung mixtures were the best for seedlings growth of T. grandis.

scholarly journals Effects of root pruning and fertilization on biometric traits of 2-year-old seedlings of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-260
Author(s):  
Winicjusz Kasprzyk ◽  
Szymon Jastrzębowski
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the effects of pruning the root system and different doses of nitrogen fertilization on the height and root collar diameter of 2-year-old beech seedlings (Fagus sylvatica L.). This research was conducted in the forest nursery Muchów (Jawor Forest District, regional directorate of State Forests in Wrocław) and two different pruning treatments (no pruning and at 12 cm depth) and nitrogen fertilization doses (25 and 50 kg×ha−1) were applied. Results from an ANOVA showed statistically significant differences between the two pruning treatments (p = 0.000) as well as for the interaction of both treatment factors (p = 0.019). Root collar diameter correlated with seedling height, both of which were significantly different for the two pruning treatments (p = 0.000). No statistically significant impact by the nitrogen fertilization doses on seedling height could be observed (p = 0.125). To conclude, we found that it is reasonable to reduce the doses of nitrogen fertilization to half the recommended amount, 25 kg×ha−1, if the root system is not pruned during the second growth year. Seedlings that do receive pruning should be fertilized using the recommended nitrogen doses.

scholarly journals Phytohormone effect on seedling quality in Hungarian oak

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. e005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cengiz Yücedağ ◽  
Nebi Bilir ◽  
Halil Barış Özel
Keyword(s):  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Seedling Traits ◽  
Northwestern Region ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Root Collar

Aim of study: to find out the effects of four phytohormones, including Indole Butyric Acid (IBA), Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), and Gibberellic acids (GA3, GA4) on seedling growth of Hungarian oak which has a natural distribution in the northwestern of Turkey.Area of Study: Mature acorns of Hungarian oak were collected from a natural stand in Zonguldak-Ereğli at northwestern region of Turkey.Material and Methods: Collected acorns of the species were pretreated with 300 ppm of each phytohormone for 24 hours and sown in Yenihan State Forest Nursery of Bartin, Turkey. Two years old bare-root seedlings were used for the measurements of seedling height, root collar diameter, stem, root and seedling fresh weights, and stem, root and seedling dry weights of two bare-root seedlings for each phytohormone treatment.Main results: Best performance of all studied seedling traits with the exception of root collar diameter was revealed in seedlings with IBA. In contrast, treatment of seeds with GA3 reduced all seedling traits apart from seedling height and root collar diameter. According to Dickson quality index, IBA was displayed to be the most beneficial phytohormone application for generating Hungarian oak seedlings with better mechanical resistance during transplanting.Research Highlights: IBA should be adopted in planting the seedlings of Hungarian oak for plantation activities.

scholarly journals Mulch removal time did not have significant effects on Tuber melanosporum mycelium biomass

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. eSC02
Author(s):  
İsmail Şen ◽  
Yasmine Piñuela ◽  
Josu G. Alday ◽  
Daniel Oliach ◽  
Francesc Bolaño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Tuber Melanosporum ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Removal Time ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Mycelium Biomass

Aim of study: We aimed to i) evaluate the effects of mulching on Tuber melanosporum mycelium biomass and seedling growth (i.e. root collar diameter and seedling height) and ii) unravel the relationship between growth in root collar diameter and mycelium abundance, in a T. melanosporum plantation.Area of study: The experimental plantation is located in the Pre-Pyrenees mountains in Catalonia, Spain.Material and methods: The experimental plantation was established in 2010 using one-year-old T. melanosporum inoculated Quercus ilex seedlings. Double-layered mulch materials were placed around the seedlings. The mulch materials were removed from randomly selected seedlings in 2015 and 2018. Soil samples were collected in 2018 at 40 and 80 cm distances from seedlings that had mulching during five and eight years, and T. melanosporum mycelium biomass was estimated by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). Seedling root collar diameter and height were measured simultaneously when mulch materials were removed.Main results: Mulch removal time did not have significant effects on T. melanosporum mycelium biomass or seedling growth. However, mycelium biomass at 40 cm distance tended to be higher on seedlings after eight-year mulching with 0.9 mg/g soil whereas mycelium biomass was 0.4 mg/g soil after five-year mulching. A positive relationship between mycelium biomass and seedling root collar diameter was also found.Research highlights: Mulching seems to have a positive effect on truffle mycelium biomass, with nearly two times higher quantity of mycelium after eight-years compared with five-years mulching usage. Seedling root collar diameter is a good indicator of mycelium expansion in the plantation.Keywords: Black truffle; Quercus ilex; mulching; tree growth; truffle cultivation. 

scholarly journals Influence of nutrition and various substrates on spruce seedling growth

2004 ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilda Djukic ◽  
Danijela Djunisijevic ◽  
Mihailo Grbic ◽  
Dragana Skocajic
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Needle Length ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Element Contents ◽  
One Year ◽  
Root Collar

The results of the influence of main macronutrients (N, P, and K) on growth and development of spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) one-year old seedlings are presented. They were grown in containers, in nursery conditions, on four different substrates. There is a good influence on biogenous element contents, height, root collar diameter, needle length and mass, root mass as well as physiological vitality of spruce seedlings. It was observed that the effect of nutrition depends also on the type of substrate.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Flower Development in Castanea Sativa Mill.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1538
Author(s):  
Ana Teresa Alhinho ◽  
Miguel Jesus Nunes Ramos ◽  
Sofia Alves ◽  
Margarida Rocheta ◽  
Leonor Morais-Cecílio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Chestnut Tree ◽  
Abcde Model ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Female Flowers

The sweet chestnut tree (Castanea sativa Mill.) is one of the most significant Mediterranean tree species, being an important natural resource for the wood and fruit industries. It is a monoecious species, presenting unisexual male catkins and bisexual catkins, with the latter having distinct male and female flowers. Despite the importance of the sweet chestnut tree, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in the determination of sexual organ identity. Thus, the study of how the different flowers of C. sativa develop is fundamental to understand the reproductive success of this species and the impact of flower phenology on its productivity. In this study, a C. sativa de novo transcriptome was assembled and the homologous genes to those of the ABCDE model for floral organ identity were identified. Expression analysis showed that the C. sativa B- and C-class genes are differentially expressed in the male flowers and female flowers. Yeast two-hybrid analysis also suggested that changes in the canonical ABCDE protein–protein interactions may underlie the mechanisms necessary to the development of separate male and female flowers, as reported for the monoecious Fagaceae Quercus suber. The results here depicted constitute a step towards the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in unisexual flower development in C. sativa, also suggesting that the ABCDE model for flower organ identity may be molecularly conserved in the predominantly monoecious Fagaceae family.

scholarly journals Growth of bare root Pinus taeda, L. seedlings cultivated under five densities in nursery

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
José Geraldo de Araújo Carneiro ◽  
Deborah Guerra Barroso ◽  
Luis Maurício da Silva Soares
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

Seedlings compete for nutrients, water and light. The available area for each seedling affects their behavior related to requirements for these resources. This experiment evaluated the influence of five plant densities on the growth of bare root Pinus taeda, L. seedlings in a nursery after outplanting. The analyzed characteristics were: height (H), root collar diameter (D), H/D ratio, and dry matter weight. Higher densities stimulated H growth and the lowest densities increased D average and dry matter weight and lowered the H/D ratio. Seedlings were distributed by H, D and H/D classes. Higher densities had a larger number of seedlings in larger H classes. Larger numbers of seedlings with larger D and lower H/D ratios were found in lower densities. Ten months after outplanting the seedlings grown in lower densities had higher survival percentages and growth. Some saplings of standardized heights were uprooted with the objective of studying their root systems. The lowest densities stimulated higher numbers of first and second order roots as well as fresh and dry matter weights of thin roots with mycorrhizae presence. In both parts of the experiment, the density of 278 seedlings m-2 yielded equivalent averages as compared to the lowest densities.

scholarly journals Growth Regulators Affect the Growth and Biochemical Activity of Curcuma longa Plants Grown in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meire Pereira de Souza Ferrari ◽  
Mayara dos Santos Queiroz ◽  
Matheus Marquezini de Andrade ◽  
Jessica Rezende Trettel ◽  
Hélida Mara Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro growth and biochemical activity of Curcuma longa explants using different MS medium formulations and growth regulators. In all the experiments, plants were grown in MS medium supplemented with agar (6.5 g L-1) and pH adjusted to 5.8. In the first assay, the MS culture medium at 70% strength, supplemented with 30 g L-1 of sucrose, and without the addition of activated carbon, resulted in the highest number of shoots. The sucrose concentration of 60 g L-1, combined with the addition of actived charcoalin half-strength MS medium, resulted in the increased root dry mass, root collar diameter, and relative chlorophyll index. In the second assay, the highest root collar diameter and dry matter of shoots and roots were found in the MS medium supplemented with 4.44 BAP, 0.46 KIN, and 1.08 NAA. The MS medium with 8.88 BAP, 0.92 KIN, and 2.16 &mu;M NAA resulted in the highest number of shoots (7.75), number of leaves (35), and shoot length (88.57 mm). The antioxidant activity was significantly higher in the treatments that resulted in better plantlets growth performance, demonstrating that the antioxidant activity is related to other factors such as a possible role of growth regulators on the elicitation of compounds in plants. Superoxide dismutase had a high enzymatic activity in both assays, whereas the enzymatic activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase was dependent on the culture media used.

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