scholarly journals Winter Food Availability for Wild Herbivores Depending on the Type of Forest Regeneration

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Vlastimil Skoták ◽  
Kamil Turek ◽  
Jiří Kamler ◽  
Jiří Kloz ◽  
Petra Novotná
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Cutting Method ◽  
Clear Cutting

This study compares the amount of available biomass for wild herbivores (red deer (Cervus elaphus L.), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.), and hare (Lepus europaeus Pallas)) depending on three different types of forest silvicultural systems—presented using the example of beech and spruce stands in wintertime. During the winter period, spruce provided ten times more biomass for herbivores than beech. However, beech provided more metabolizable energy, 7.38 MJ/kg on average, whereas spruce only provided 6.57 MJ/kg. From the point of view of “risk of damage by herbivores”, artificial regeneration suffered the worst damage after using the Clear Cutting method of forest regeneration, as there was the least amount of biomass available, and thus, herbivores caused the greatest damage. On average, 12% of shoots were damaged in clearings. Most at risk was young forest vegetation up to 1 m tall. In summer, the area was overgrown with available plants, but in winter, the herbivores focused mainly on eating woody shoots. Damage to the natural regeneration when using the Shelterwood Cutting and Strip Cutting regeneration methods ranged up to 3%. At the same time, a high amount of available biomass was measured there, most likely due to its frequent natural regeneration. Thus, both types of trees regenerated in this way were not as susceptible to damage by herbivores as when regenerated using the Clear Cutting method.

scholarly journals HIGH DENSITIES OF CERVIDAE EFFECT TO FOREST REGENERATION IN MIXED BROADLEAF FOREST IN SOUTH PART OF LITHUANIA

AGROFOR ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gintare SABALINKIENE ◽  
Kastytis SIMKEVICIUS ◽  
Kestutis PETELIS ◽  
Jolanta STANKEVICIUTE ◽  
Dovydas TALIJUNAS
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Intensive Silviculture

The abundance of Cervidae species is increasing in Lithuania as well as in thewhole Baltic region. High densities of forest ruminants: Moose (Alces alces), Reddeer (Cervus elaphus), Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), Fallow deer (Dama dama)and European bison (Bison bonasus) cause a significant damage both to naturalforest regeneration and afforestation. Strong negative impact on forest regenerationlead to increased costs of forest regeneration, formation and maintenance. Thus, thebalance among intensive silviculture and big game management must be found forsustainable use of environment recourses. In our study, we observed the influenceof cervids density increment to natural forest regeneration in mixed broadleafforest, which is located near the Zuvintas strict reserve, and in landscape point ofview connected with other forest arrays by natural migration corridors. We foundthat natural regenerated forest understory is hardly damaged as well as culturalforest plantations. Thus, hunting pressure in our research area is obviously too lowand the current abundance of wild ruminants will not allow the economicallyeffective intensive silviculture. After investigation we found a steady Cervidaeabundance, not exceeding the highest optimal densities. Cervid winter pasturequality is relatively good – economically and browsing very intensively did noteffect ecologically important tree species regeneration in forest understory.However, damage degree to forest regeneration in our observed stands was veryhigh. Natural as well as artificial forest regeneration is rather difficult, thus cerviddensities should be reduced of expensive protection tools should be implemented inforest regeneration stands.

scholarly journals The Effect of Fencing the Forest Regeneration Stages upon the Level of Damage Caused by Deer in the Lowland Forests of South-Western Poland

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogusław Bobek ◽  
Jakub Furtek ◽  
Dorota Merta ◽  
Marta Wojciuch-Płoskonka
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Young Forest ◽  
Lowland Forests ◽  
Potential Food ◽  
Forest District

In the lowland forests of south-western Poland, the effect of the fencing of forest regeneration stages, aged up to 20 years, upon the level of damage inflicted by red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow deer (Dama dama), and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in non-fenced patches of this age class of forest was studied. In the studied forest districts (n=4), there was the highest proportion of the mixed coniferous‑deciduous forest types, where the main forest‑forming tree species were pine (Pinus sylvertris), birch (Betula sp.), oak (Quercus sp.), beech (Fagus sylvatica), and spruce (Picea abies). At the forest district level, the percentage of fenced areas in young forest plantations (1‑10‑year old) ranged, on average, from 9.1-30.9%, and that in tickets (11-20‑year old) ranged from 0.0%-10.2%. The percentage of areas of severely damaged young plantations fluctuated between 5.7 and 14.2%, and that of tickets fluctuated between 0.3-12.9%. For young plantations, a statistically significant correlation (“r” ranged from 0.51-0.75) was obtained between percentage of area in fenced plots and the level of damage caused by deer. For thickets, this correlation was obtained solely in Pieńsk Forest District (r = 0.646). In the studied forest districts, the fencing of young plantations and thickets resulted in the reduction of average potential food base for cervids, from 2.9 to 10.0 %. An attempt was made to interpret the level of deer damage on the basis of an index, taking into account the standing crop of deciduous browse and forbs, and the population density of cervids.

Characterization of Rhodococcus equi isolates from submaxillary lymph nodes of wild boars (Sus scrofa), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 172 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Rzewuska ◽  
Lucjan Witkowski ◽  
Agata A. Cisek ◽  
Ilona Stefańska ◽  
Dorota Chrobak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Rhodococcus Equi ◽  
Wild Boars

Bioserotypes and virulence markers of Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bancerz-Kisiel ◽  
A. Szczerba-Turek ◽  
A. Platt-Samoraj ◽  
P. Socha ◽  
W. Szweda
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Hunting Season ◽  
Virulence Markers ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Environmental Reservoir ◽  
Enterocolitica Infection

AbstractFree-living animals are an important environmental reservoir of pathogens dangerous for other animal species and humans. One of those is Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica, the causative agent of yersiniosis - foodborne, enzootic disease, significant for public health. The purpose of the study was to identify bioserotypes and virulence markers of Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) obtained during the 2010/2011 hunting season in north-eastern Poland. From among 48 rectal swabs obtained from 24 roe deer, two strains of Y. enterocolitica from one animal were isolated. Although both belonged to biotype 1A they were identified as different serotypes. The strain obtained from cold culture (PSB) belonged to serotype O:5, while the strain isolated from warm culture (ITC) was regarded as nonidentified (NI), what may suggest mixed infection in that animal. The presence of ystB gene, coding for YstB enterotoxin, directly related to Y. enterocolitica pathogenicity was detected in both strains using triplex PCR. The effect of the examination of 32 swabs obtained from 16 red deer was the isolation of two Y. enterocolitica strains from two different animals. Both belonged to biotype 1A with NI serotype, but were originated from different types of culture. They gave positive results in case of products of a size corresponding to the ystB gene. No amplicons corresponding to ail and ystA genes were found. Roe deer and red deer may carry and shed Y. enterocolitica, what seems to be important in aspect of an environmental reservoir of this pathogen. The Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from wild ruminants had the amplicons of the ystB gene, what suggest they can be potential source of Y. enterocolitica infection for humans

Characterisation of Faecal Staphylococci from Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) and Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) and Their Susceptibility to Gallidermin

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 302-310
Author(s):  
A. Lauková ◽  
E. Bino ◽  
I. Kubašová ◽  
V. Strompfová ◽  
R. Miltko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus

Does habitat type modify group size in roe deer and red deer under predation risk by Iberian wolves?

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Barja ◽  
S. Rosellini
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Antipredator Response ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grouping Behavior

We examined whether group size in red deer ( Cervus elaphus L., 1758) and roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus (L., 1758)) under predation risk by Iberian wolves ( Canis lupus L., 1758) is affected by the type of habitat in which the deer reside. We hypothesized that group size (i) would be larger in open than in closed habitats, since it is an antipredator response, and (ii) would vary more with habitat type in the species that had higher wolf predation rates. In the study area, wolves were the only predator of wild ungulates, with roe deer being the main target prey. We performed monthly transects along paths to observe the group size of red and roe deer. In roe deer, the mean group size was significantly higher in open than in closed habitats, serving as an antipredator response. However, in red deer, habitat type did not affect group size. The results indicate that under predation risk by wolves the habitat type influences the grouping behavior of roe deer but not red deer. Furthermore, compared with forests, heaths offer less protection from predators and species in this habitat would benefit from larger group sizes.

scholarly journals Monitoring of facultative avian scavengers on large mammal carcasses in Dinaric forest of Slovenia

Acrocephalus ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (148-149) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miha Krofel
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
Large Mammal ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Dinaric Mountains ◽  
Short Time

Monitoring of facultative avian scavengers on large mammal carcasses in Dinaric forest of SloveniaFacultative vertebrate scavengers have an important role in forest ecosystems, however, not much is known as to their use of carrion in temperate forests. Three carcasses of Red DeerCervus elaphusand European Roe DeerCapreolus capreolusfound dead or killed by Grey WolfCanis lupuswere monitored in March and April 2010 and 2011 on Menišija Plateau in northern Dinaric Mountains (central Slovenia) using photo-trapping and video surveillance. Carcasses were monitored for 26 days, during which 708 photos and 43 video recordings of scavengers were taken. In the 91% of all visits recorded, birds were the most frequent scavengers, with Common BuzzardButeo buteoas the most frequent species present at 76% of all visits. On average, Buzzards returned to carcasses twice per day, with an average visit lasting 29 min. Common Buzzards used carcasses to a significantly higher degree on days with snow cover, which was due to the more frequent visits per day and not to longer visits. Recorded antagonistic interspecific interactions suggested that Common Buzzards were the dominant species in the observed avian scavenger guild, as they displaced RavensCorvus coraxand GoshawkAccipiter gentilisfrom the carcass. However, Ravens frequently mobbed Common Buzzards while scavenging. Once an Ural OwlStrix uralensisalso visited prey remains of Grey Wolf, but feeding could not be confirmed. Observations suggested that carcasses of large mammals could be locally and temporarily an important food source for some facultative avian scavengers in Dinaric forests, especially in times when other food is scarce. Data from the two wolf kills also confirm the importance of predation by large carnivores in providing food for scavengers. Given the small amount of meat consumed, kleptoparasitism by solitary raptors did not bring significant losses to large carnivores, whereas gregarious avian scavengers like corvids can importantly affect the consumption process and consume large amount of biomass in a relatively short time.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Bartonella Sp. in Wild Ruminants and Analysis of its Genetic Diversity on the Basis of 16S–23S Rrna Intergenic Spacer (ITS)

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Adamska
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
23S Rrna

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the state of infection of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) by Bartonella sp. in North-Western Poland through PCR detection of Bartonella 16S-23S rRNA ITS region in isolates of animal tissues, and also to describe the genetic diversity of detected Bartonella species based on molecular analysis of ITS. The multiple alignment analysis of ITS sequences was carried out, and homology matrices and phylogenetic trees were constructed. The DNA of Bartonella sp. was detected in tissues of 45.6% (36/79) C. capreolus and of 50% (15/30) C. elaphus. Products of two different sizes were detected: 317 bp, characteristic for B. schoenbuchensis, and 198 bp, characteristic for B. bovis. The obtained results suggest that roe and red deer are potential reservoirs of Bartonella sp. Most of the analysed ITS sequences was not specific for one host species. In constructed phylogenetic trees, sequences obtained from roe and red deer clustered together. These results suggest a lack of host specificity of most detected B. schoenbuchensis and B. bovis intraspecies strains

scholarly journals Observations on autochtonous liver flukes in wild ruminants in Slovakia

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-313
Author(s):  
A. Iglódyová ◽  
P. Lazar ◽  
J. Čurlík ◽  
R. Karolová ◽  
J. Ciberej ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Wild Ruminants ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Liver Flukes

SummaryThe aim of the study was monitoring of liver flukes in wild ruminants including red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fallow deer (Dama dama) and mouflon (Ovis musimon) in selected regions of Slovak Republic. Between 2014 – 2016 we examined 782 faecal samples from selected wild ruminants using coprological techniques and serological methods (ELISA detection ofF. hepaticacoproantigens). None of the samples was positive for the presence ofFasciola hepatica, 5.89 % of faecal samples were positive forDicrocoelium dendriticum. Higher prevalence was recorded in mouflon (30.83 %), lower in red deer (1.49 %).D. dendriticuminfection was not determined in fallow deer and roe deer. The seasonal distribution of dicrocoeliosis indicated a highest prevalence in autumn. Significantly higher prevalence was recorded in fenced rearing when compared with open hunting grounds, suggesting that animal agglomeration, constant use of the same areas and possible stress are the main risk factors. Parasitological examination of livers of hunted wild ruminants revealed dicrocoeliosis in mouflon.

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