scholarly journals A Modelling Approach for the Assessment of Climate Change Impact on the Fungal Colonization of Historic Timber Structures

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 819
Author(s):  
Petros Choidis ◽  
Dimitrios Kraniotis ◽  
Ilari Lehtonen ◽  
Bente Hellum
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Building Elements

Climate change is anticipated to affect the degradation of the building materials in cultural heritage sites and buildings. For the aim of taking the necessary preventive measures, studies need to be carried out with the utmost possible precision regarding the building materials of each monument and the microclimate to which they are exposed. Within the present study, a methodology to investigate the mold risk of timber buildings is presented and applied in two historic constructions. The two case studies are located in Vestfold, Norway. Proper material properties are selected for the building elements by leveraging material properties from existing databases, measurements, and simulations of the hygrothermal performance of selected building components. Data from the REMO2015 driven by the global model MPI-ESM-LR are used in order to account for past, present, and future climate conditions. In addition, climate data from ERA5 reanalysis are used in order to assess the accuracy the MPI-ES-LR_REMO2015 model results. Whole building hygrothermal simulations are employed to calculate the temperature and the relative humidity on the timber surfaces. The transient hygrothermal condition and certain characteristics of the timber surfaces are used as inputs in the updated VTT mold model in order to predict the mold risk of certain building elements. Results show a significant increase of the mold risk of the untreated timber surfaces due to climate change. The treated surfaces have no mold risk at all. It is also observed that the most significant increase of the mold risk occurs in the north-oriented and the horizontal surfaces. It is underlined that the mold risk of the timber elements is overestimated by the MPI-ES-LR_REMO2015 model compared to ERA5 reanalysis. The importance of considering the surface temperature and humidity, and not the atmospheric temperature and humidity as boundary conditions in the mold growth model is also investigated and highlighted.

Regional biogeographical model of vegetation zones in doctoral programme Regional Biography in Olomouc (Case study for Norway spruce)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Machar ◽  
Marián Halás ◽  
Zdeněk Opršal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Landscape Research

Regional climate changes impacts induce vegetation zones shift to higher altitudes in temperate landscape. This paper deals with applying of regional biogeography model of climate conditions for vegetation zones in Czechia to doctoral programme Regional Geography in Palacky University Olomouc. The model is based on general knowledge of landscape vegetation zonation. Climate data for model come from predicted validated climate database under RCP8.5 scenario since 2100. Ecological data are included in the Biogeography Register database (geobiocoenological data related to landscape for cadastral areas of the Czech Republic). Mathematical principles of modelling are based on set of software solutions with GIS. Students use the model in the frame of the course “Special Approaches to Landscape Research” not only for regional scenarios climate change impacts in landscape scale, but also for assessment of climate conditions for growing capability of agricultural crops or forest trees under climate change on regional level.

scholarly journals Climate change impact – residential unit

2019 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
Ján Hollý ◽  
Adela Palková
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Emission Scenarios ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Residential Unit ◽  
Data Application ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Selection Of

The issue of climate change is undeniably demonstrating its presence. Consequently, there is a rising need to be prepared for upcoming threats by any means possible. One of the precautions includes obtaining the information characterizing the expected impact of global warming. This will allow authorities and other stakeholders to act accordingly in time. The article presents the assessment of the extent of impact of energy-related construction solutions in dwelling type unit situated in Central Europe region under the 21st century climate conditions. The findings represent eventual demands of energy for cooling and heating and its prospective savings. This is conducted by consecutively and automatically changing the parameters in individual simulation runs. As a basis for simulations, regionally scaled weather data of three different climate areas are used. These data are based on the emission scenarios by IPCC and are reaching to the year 2100. The selection of assessed parameters and climate data application are briefly explained in the article. The results of simulations are evaluated and recommended solutions are stated in regard to the specific energy-related construction changes. The aim is to successfully mitigate and adapt to the climate change phenomenon.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Tourist Climate Comfortable Period of China in a Changing Climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dan-Dan Yu ◽  
Shan Li ◽  
Zhong-Yang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Changing Climate

The evaluation of climate comfort for tourism can provide information for tourists selecting destinations and tourism operators. Understanding how climate conditions for tourism evolve is increasingly important for strategic tourism planning, particularly in rapidly developing tourism markets like China in a changing climate. Multidimensional climate indices are needed to evaluate climate for tourism, and previous studies in China have used the much criticized “climate index” with low resolution climate data. This study uses the Holiday Climate Index (HCI) and daily data from 775 weather stations to examine interregional differences in the tourist climate comfortable period (TCCP) across China and summarizes the spatiotemporal evolution of TCCP from 1981 to 2010 in a changing climate. Overall, most areas in China have an “excellent” climate for tourism, such that tourists may visit anytime with many choices available. The TCCP in most regions shows an increasing trend, and China benefits more from positive effects of climate change in climatic conditions for tourism, especially in spring and autumn. These results can provide some scientific evidence for understanding human settlement environmental constructions and further contribute in improving local or regional resilience responding to global climate change.

scholarly journals Spring and autumn phenology in sub-mesothermal beech stands from the southwestern extremity of the Carpathians

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 1057-1069
Author(s):  
Radu POPESCU ◽  
Neculae ȘOFLETEA
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Phenological Data ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
The North ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Phenological Changes ◽  
Southwestern Area ◽  
The Impact

The research carried out was aimed to assessing the phenological behavior of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in the southwestern area of the Carpathians, in submesothermal forest sites, differentiated from the majority mesothermal ones of this species. The data obtained may be used for predicting the phenological changes of the species, especially in the Carpathian area, under the future influence of expected climate change. Assessments for spring and autumn phenology (buds burst -BB and foliation, flowering and leaves senescence) were carried out on a transect with a difference in altitude of 1000 meters, in phenological research areas located at 200 m, 700 m and 1200 m. At each altitude level, 100 trees of I and II Kraft classes were phenologically characterized: 50 trees on the south-facing slope (sunny exposure) and 50 on the north-facing slope (shade exposure).The phenological data were interpreted in relation to climate data recorded in each area by a HOBO U23 Pro v2 sensor. The site conditions of submesothermal climate in the low altitude area led to DOY (day of the year) values below 100. The phenological differentiation of populations is evident in relation with the altitude, while at the same altitudinal level the influence of the exposure was much lower. The gradiental values by altitude sectors highlighted the nonlinearity of the development of foliation phenophase, the value being lower in the first 500 m, where the beech is under the impact of the submesothermal climate. It has been proven both the dependence of the foliation onset depending on the cumulation of temperatures in relation to the DOY moment and also on the values recorded throughout the vegetative rest. The altitudinal gradiental values resulting for flowering in the first and second altitudinal half of transect also differentiate the stands, but are lower than that resulting for BB. The leaves senescence has a delay of 1.8 up to 2.4 days per 100 meters altitude, and the length of the vegetation season is reduced more sharply in the upper half of the analyzed altitudinal transect. The sub-mesothermal climate could be involved in condensation of spring phenophases in the stands of the lower half of the researched area. Our data may be used for predicting the phenological changes, especially in the Carpathian area, under the expected climate change.

Projecting future vegetation change for northeast China using CMIP6

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yuan ◽  
Shuang-ye Wu ◽  
Shugui Hou
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Vegetation Changes ◽  
Emission Scenarios ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

<p>This study aims to establish future vegetation changes in the east and central of northern China (ECNC), an ecologically sensitive region in the transition zonal from humid monsoonal to arid continental climate. The region has experienced significant greening in the past several decades. However, few studies exist on how vegetation will change with future climate change, and great uncertainties exist due to complex, and often spatially non-stationary, relationships between vegetation and climate. In this study, we first used historical NDVI and climate data to model this spatially variable relationship with Geographically Weighted Logit Regression. We found that temperature and precipitation could explain, on average, 43% of NDVI variance, and they could be used to model NDVI fairly well. We then establish future climate change using the output of 11 CMIP6 models for the medium (SSP245) and high (SSP585) emission scenarios for the mid-century (2041-2070) and late-century (2071-2100). The results show that for this region, both temperature and precipitation will increase under both scenarios. By late-century under SSP585, precipitation is projected to increase by 25.12% and temperature is projected to increase 5.87<sup>o</sup>C in ECNC. Finally, we used future climate conditions as input for the regression models to project future vegetation (indicated by NDVI). We found that NDVI will increase under climate change. By mid-century, the average NDVI in ECNC will increase by 0.024 and 0.021 under SSP245 and SSP585. By late-century, it will increase by 0.016 and 0.006 under SSP245 and SSP585 respectively. Although NDVI is projected to increase, the magnitude of increase is likely to diminish with higher emission scenarios, possibly due to the benefit of precipitation increase being gradually encroached by the detrimental effects of temperature increase. Moreover, despite the overall NDVI increase, the area likely to suffer vegetation degradation will also expands, particularly in the western part of ECNC. With higher emissions and later into the century, region with low NDVI is likely to shift and/or expand north-forward. Our results could provide important information on possible vegetation changes, which could help to develop effective management strategies to ensure ecological and economic sustainability in the future.</p>

scholarly journals The impact of climate change on the resin productivity of dammar tree (Agathis alba) in Inamosol subdistrict, West Seram district, Maluku-Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 883 (1) ◽  
pp. 012079
Author(s):  
J M Matinahoru
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Change Factors ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This research was aimed to determine the impact of climate change on the resin productivity of dammar tree. This research will be useful as data and information for farmers and government to maintain the resin of dammar tree to be optimal and sustainable in production. This research was conducted in Inamosol Sub-district, West Seram District, Maluku Indonesia, during September-October 2020. Village and farmer samples were determined by purposive sampling technique. The selected villages were Honitetu, Hukuanakota and Rambatu. Furthermore, from each village, It was ten farmers to select for interviews and filling the questionnaire. The results showed that the average resin production of farmers in 2019 was 904.2 kg/farmer, while in 2020 was 523.7 kg/farmer. This means that it occurred a decline in resin production in 2020 about 42.08 % for each farmer—the leading cause of the decreased production as climate change factors, namely rainfall, temperature and humidity. Based on climate data of West Seram District in 2019 indicated that rainfall has occurred during six months with an average temperature of 27 °C and relative humidity of 82 %. Meanwhile, in 2020 the rainfall occurs for nine months with an average temperature of 26.5 °C, and relative humidity of 85 %.

scholarly journals Problem przegrzewania miast XXI wieku (MWC) a zieleń miejska

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Joanna Klimowicz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Molecular Engineering ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The City

XXI wiek przyczynił się do rozwoju nowych, innowacyjnych technologii w wielu dziedzinach życia, m.in. w medycynie, lotnictwie, inżynierii molekularnej czy budownictwie. Współczesne technologie rozwijają się bardzo szybko, przynosząc rozmaite udogodnienia współczesnym człowiekowi. Jednakże XXI wiek przyniósł nam też niszczycielskie działanie narastających anomalii pogodowych związanych z pogłębiającymi się zmianami klimatu. Żyjąc w dobie konsumpcjonizmu, powinniśmy się zastanowić w jaki sposób przyczyniamy się do tego stanu? Czy my współcześnie żyjący możemy wpłynąć na poprawę naszej egzystencji? Czy współcześnie proponowane rozwiązania są w stanie ochronić nas przed wieloma negatywnymi skutkami zmian klimatu? Czy możemy wpłynąć na wzrost zanieczyszczenia powietrza, wzrost temperatury oraz związane z nimi narastające zjawiska takie jak powodzie czy pożary? Mieszkańcy współczesnych miast stykają się z wieloma tymi niedogodnościami. My jako architekci i urbaniści powinniśmy reagować i wprowadzać takie rozwiązania, które będą sprzyjały poprawie warunków życia. Tematem artykuły jest przedstawienie wybranych przykładów rozwiązań zastosowania zieleni, wpływającej na niwelowanie niekorzystnych warunków klimatycznych panujących w miasta. Odpowiednio projektowana zieleń, zarówno w skali urbanistycznej jak i architektonicznej miasta, przyczynia się do niwelowanie Miejskiej Wyspy Ciepła, wpływa na poprawę komfortu zamieszkania, jest stabilizatorem temperatury oraz wilgotności. Badania kamerą termowizyjną wykazują w jaki sposób zastosowanie zieleni przyczynia się do obniżania temperatury w zabudowie śródmiejskiej. Wyniki badań stanowić uzupełnienie prowadzonych analiz związanych z obserwacją zachowań termicznych zabudowy miejskiej. Możliwość odniesienia wyników wpłynie na świadomość mieszkańców jest istotne jest stosowanie odpowiednich materiałów budowalnych oraz zieleni miejskiej jako jednych z elementów poprawiających komfort życia w mieście. The problem of the overheating of twenty-first century cities (UHI) versus greenery The 21st century has contributed to the development of new, innovative technologies in many areas of life, including medicine, aviation, molecular engineering and construction. Modern technologies are developing very quickly, bringing various conveniences to modern man. However, the 21st century has brought us also the destructive effect of growing weather anomalies associated with deepening climate change. Living in the age of consumerism, we should think about how we are contributing to this state? Can we, living today, improve our existence? Can the solutions proposed nowadays protect us from many negative effects of climate change? Can we influence the increase in air pollution, temperature rise and the associated growing phenomena such as floods and fires? Citizens of modern cities are facing many of these inconveniences. We, as architects and urban planners, should react and implement solutions that will improve living conditions. The subject of the articles is to present selected examples of solutions for the use of greenery, which will help to eliminate unfavorable climate conditions in cities. Properly designed greenery, both on the urban and architectural scale of the city, contributes to the leveling of the Urban Heat Island, improves the comfort of living, and is a stabilizer of temperature and humidity. Research with a thermal imaging camera shows how the use of greenery contributes to lowering the temperature in downtown buildings. The results of the research are a supplement to the analyses carried out in connection with the observation of thermal behavior of urban development. The possibility of referencing the results will influence the residents’ awareness. It is important to use appropriate building materials and greenery as one of the elements improving the comfort of living in the city.

scholarly journals Climate Change, Farming, and Gardening in Alaska: Cultivating Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12713
Author(s):  
Nancy Fresco ◽  
Alec Bennett ◽  
Peter Bieniek ◽  
Carolyn Rosner
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Delta Method ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Season Length ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Effective Strategies

Ongoing climate change and associated food security concerns are pressing issues globally, and are of particular concern in the far north where warming is accelerated and markets are remote. The objective of this research was to model current and projected climate conditions pertinent to gardeners and farmers in Alaska. Research commenced with information-sharing between local agriculturalists and climate modelers to determine primary questions, available data, and effective strategies. Four variables were selected: summer season length, growing degree days, temperature of the coldest winter day, and plant hardiness zone. In addition, peonies were selected as a case study. Each variable was modeled using regional projected climate data downscaled using the delta method, followed by extraction of key variables (e.g., mean coldest winter day for a given decade). An online interface was developed to allow diverse users to access, manipulate, view, download, and understand the data. Interpretive text and a summary of the case study explained all of the methods and outcomes. The results showed marked projected increases in summer season length and growing degree days coupled with seasonal shifts and warmer winter temperatures, suggesting that agriculture in Alaska is undergoing and will continue to undergo profound change. This presents opportunities and challenges for farmers and gardeners.

Copernicus Sectoral Information System for the Biodiversity Sector

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen De Ridder ◽  
Filip Lefebre ◽  
Eline Vanuytrecht ◽  
Julie Berckmans ◽  
Hendrik Wouters
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Information System ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Climate Suitability

<p>Biodiversity is increasingly under pressure from climate change, which affects the habitat suitability for species as well as the efficiency of ecosystem services. Management of these issues, for instance through ecosystem restoration or species dispersal measures, is often hindered by a lack of appropriate information about (future) climate conditions.  To address this, an operational Sectoral Information System (SIS) for the Biodiversity sector (SIS Biodiversity) is designed within the Copernicus programme Climate Change Service (C3S). This new SIS provides tailored bio-climatic indicators and applications, and delivers novel evidence regarding impacts of past, present and future climate. As such, it provides support to decision making challenges that are currently facing unmet climate data needs.<br> <br>The new climate service for SIS Biodiversity will be demonstrated, including the outline, workflow and outcomes of the use cases. The service is built upon the Copernicus Data Store platform (CDS; ), and takes into account (1) the barriers in ongoing bio-climate assessments and (2) the user requirements of diverse stakeholders (e.g. researcher institutes, local NGO’s, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN),…). These have been collected during workshops and bilateral meetings in 2019. A common barrier is the lack of reliable and high-resolution information about states and dynamics of the soil, sea, ice and air for the past and the future climate. Therefore, the service provides relevant bio-climatic indicators on the basis of a wealth of available variables from the latest ERA5 reanalysis datasets and the CMIP5 global climate projections available in CDS. In order to provide information at high resolution and minimize inconsistencies between observed and modelled variables, different downscaling and bias-correction techniques are applied. A common requirement is a universal and flexible interface to the bio-climatic indicators in an easy-to-use and coherent platform that is applicable for different fauna and flora species of interest. Therefore, different applications have been developed within CDS for generating bio-climate suitability envelopes from the high-resolution indicators and to evaluate climate suitability and impacts for the species under present and future climate. Finally, the service is currently tested and refined on the basis of specific use cases. Special attention is given to their transferability to other global and topical studies, hence maximizing external user uptake throughout existing research and policy networks.</p>

Impacts of climate change on net crop revenue in North and South China

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxia Wang ◽  
Jikun Huang ◽  
Lijuan Zhang ◽  
Yumin Li
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
The South ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Precipitation Variation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North And South ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the impacts of climate change on crop net revenue by region. Particularly, the authors focus on the impact differences between north and south regions. Design/methodology/approach – The authors applied the Ricardian approach which assumes that each farmer wishes to maximize revenue subject to the exogenous conditions of their farm. The climate data are based on actual measurements in 753 national meteorological stations and the socio-economic data covers 8,405 farms across 28 provinces in China. Findings – On average, the rise of annual temperature will hurt farms both in the north or south. The impacts of climate change on both precipitation and temperatures have different seasonal impacts on producers in the north and the south of China. As a consequence, the impact on net farm revenues varies with farms in the north and the south being adversely affected (to different degrees) by a rise in the temperature, but both benefiting from an anticipated increase in rainfall. The results also reveal that irrigation is one key adaption measure to dealing with climate change. Whether in the north or south of China, increasing temperature is beneficial to irrigated farms, while for rainfed farms, higher temperature will result in a reduction in net revenues. The results also reveal that farms in the north are more vulnerable to temperature and precipitation variation than that in the south. Irrigated farms in the south are more vulnerable to precipitation variation than that in the north; but rainfed farms in the north are more vulnerable to precipitation variation than that in the south. Originality/value – Applying empirical analysis to identify the differences of climate change impacts between north and south regions will help policy makers to design reasonable adaptation policies for various regions.

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