scholarly journals Composition of Phenolic Compounds, Cyanogenic Glycosides, Organic Acids and Sugars in Fruits of Black Cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 762
Author(s):  
Jakub Brozdowski ◽  
Boguslawa Waliszewska ◽  
Jakub Loffler ◽  
Metka Hudina ◽  
Robert Veberic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Cyanogenic Glycosides ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

The forest understory is rich in fruit-bearing trees and shrubs. They include both native species and invasive alien plant species (IAPS). One of the most spreading IAPS is black cherry (Prunus serotina E.). Problems with the invasiveness of P. serotina is well known in many European countries. However, there are very few studies related to this IAPS. This article aims to fill the gap in research on the bioactive compounds of black cherry fruits and thus to start a discussion on the potential use of this species on an industrial or semi-industrial scale, which may lead to the reduction of this species presence in forests. Fruits were collected in a forest of Northern Poland. Contents of sugars, phenolic compounds as well as cyanogenic glycosides were determined. Pphenolic compounds and cyanogenic glycoside were assayed using HPLC-DAD coupled with MSn. Sugars and organic acids were determined with the use of HPLC-DAD. Fruits of P. serotina can be considered as rich in anthocyanins, even at a lower level of total phenolics than in their plantation-grown couterparts, fruits of black cherry are still a good source of dietary phenolics of natural, forest-grown origin. When stones are not crushed during processing the level of GCC is within a safe, admissible range.

The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. 4. Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 569-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Page ◽  
Ronald E. Wall ◽  
Stephen J. Darbyshire ◽  
Gerald A. Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant ◽  
Heracleum Mantegazzianum

Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed) is an invasive alien plant of management concern in southern Canada where it has escaped from horticulture and established and spread in natural, ruderal, and agricultural ecosystems. It poses a threat to natural ecosystems and human health, and is also a weed in agricultural and urban areas. It is a member of the Carrot family (Apiaceae) and is closely related to the native species Heracleum maximum Bartram (cow-parsnip). It is a monocarpic perennial, which generally flowers in its 3rd or 4th year. Large size, leaf shape, dark reddish pigments in patches on stems and petioles, and fruit characteristics readily distinguish H. mantegazzianum from other plants in Canada. It is increasingly common in riparian areas, floodplains, and forest edges in or near urban areas in southwestern British Columbia and southern Ontario. Based on herbarium specimens, H. mantegazzianum was first recorded in Ontario in 1949, British Columbia in 1964, Nova Scotia in 1980, Quebec in 1990, and New Brunswick in 2000. The development of dense stands of H. mantegazzianum can also reduce the richness of native plants. Contact with H. mantegazzianum can cause phytophotodermatitis, a serious skin inflammation caused by UV photo-activation of furanocoumarins present in the sap. Control methods include herbicide application, mechanical cutting, and animal grazing, but strategies to address seed dispersal and re-establishment from dormant seed must also be adopted. Widespread establishment in southern Canada suggests that eradication is unlikely. However, range expansion and rapid population growth can be prevented through strategic management including public education. Key words: Giant hogweed, Heracleum mantegazzianum, Apiaceae, HERMZ, invasive plant, weed biology, furanocoumarins

scholarly journals Impacts of invasive plants on animal diversity in South Africa: A synthesis

Bothalia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Clusella-Trullas ◽  
Raquel A. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Animal Diversity

Background: Increasing numbers of invasive alien plant (IAP) species are establishing around the globe and can have negative effects on resident animal species function and diversity. These impacts depend on a variety of factors, including the extent of invasion, the region and the taxonomic group affected. These context dependencies make extrapolations of IAP impacts on resident biota from region to region a substantial challenge. Objectives: Here, we synthesised data from studies that have examined the effects of IAPs on animal diversity in South Africa. Our focus is on ectothermic organisms (reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates). Method: We sourced relevant articles using keywords relating to (1) the effects of IAPs on species diversity (abundance, richness and composition), (2) the IAP and (3) the native ectotherm. We extracted the taxonomic and spatial coverage of IAPs and affected native species and assessed the extent of information given on potential mechanisms driving IAP impacts. Results: Across the 42 studies, IAPs had a decreasing or neutral effect on native animal abundance and richness and significantly changed species composition. This review highlighted the paucity of studies and the research deficits in taxonomic and geographic coverage and in the mechanisms underlying IAP impacts on ectotherms. Conclusion: By assessing the status of knowledge regarding the impacts of IAPs on resident animal species in South Africa, this study identifies information gaps and research priorities at the country level with a view to informing monitoring and conservation efforts, such as alien plant removal and control programmes, and ensuring that endemic terrestrial animal diversity is maintained.

scholarly journals Highly invasive alien plant Reynoutria japonica Houtt. represents a novel source for pharmaceutical industry - evidence from phenolic profile and biological activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 803-813
Author(s):  
Biljana Bozin ◽  
Marjana Gavrilovic ◽  
Nebojsa Kladar ◽  
Milica Rat ◽  
Goran Anackov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Anticholinesterase Activity ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Reynoutria Japonica ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant

Reynoutria japonica is on the IUCN list of the Worlds?100 worst invasive species, but it is also, especially its rhizome, an integral part of traditional chinese medicine. The objective of this study was to determine the amount of selected phenolic compounds in rhizome, stems, leaves and inflorescence methanol extracts of this plant, their antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity. The chemical profile of the examined extracts was obtained by a high-performance liquid chromatography. In vitro assays on DPPH, OH and NO radicals were used to estimate antioxidant potential and Ellman?s method was applied for the determination of anticholinesterase activity. Leaves and rhizome extracts were found to be rich in rosmarinic and chlorogenic acid, and selected flavonoids. Resveratrol was exclusively present in rhizome and stems extracts. All the investigated extracts expressed certain antioxidant activity, where leaves extract was the most active. However, rhizome extract was the strongest inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. These findings indicate that there is a possibility of R. japonica exploitation for the isolation of biologically active phenolic compounds used in pharmaceutical and food industry.

scholarly journals Nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in the invasive alien Fallopia japonica: seasonal variation, differences among habitats types, and comparison with native species

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Chmura ◽  
Marek Krywult ◽  
Janusz Leszek Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Japanese Knotweed ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant

Nitrate reductase activity (NRA) was studied in the invasive alien plant <em>F. japonica</em> (Japanese knotweed) during the vegetation season and among natural, semi-natural, and human-made habitats and compared with NRA in selected native species. NRA was measured directly in the field from the beginning of May until the beginning of October. NRA was much higher than in the plant’s native range, i.e., East Asia, and showed a high degree of variation over time with the highest values being reached at the stage of fast vegetative growth and at the beginning of fruiting. NRA was highest on dumping sites probably due to the high nitrogen input into soils and near traffic and the emission of NO<span><em><sub>x</sub></em></span> by vehicles. A comparison of the enzyme activity in four selected native plant species indicated that NRA in <em>F. japonica</em> was the highest with the exception of <em>Urtica dioica</em>, which exhibited a similar activity of the enzyme. A detailed comparison with this species showed that differences between these species on particular dates were influenced by differences in the phenology of both plants. The initial results that were obtained suggest that nitrogen pollution in an environment can contribute to habitat invasibility and a high level of NRA, which in addition to the many plant traits that are commonly accepted as characteristic of invasiveness features, may be an important factor that enhances invasion success.

scholarly journals Flowering phenology of invasive alien plant species compared with native species in three Mediterranean-type ecosystems

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Godoy ◽  
David M. Richardson ◽  
Fernando Valladares ◽  
Pilar Castro-Díez
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant ◽  
Mediterranean Type Ecosystems

scholarly journals Invasion of alien plant species and their impact on different ecosystems of Panchase Area, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Baral ◽  
A Adhikari ◽  
R. Khanal ◽  
Y. Malla ◽  
R. Kunwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant ◽  
The Impact

The aggressiveness of invasive alien plant species has been amidst the changing climate, which has necessitated further research in this area. The impact of invasive alien plant species in the Panchase area of Nepal was assessed through the forest resource assessment and other methodologies such as, household survey, group discussion, direct field observation, participatory cluster mapping, quadrat sampling, laboratory analysis, and GIS mapping. A total of nine major invasive species, in which Ageratum houstonianum and Ageratina adenophora were found spread throughout the ecosystem. The invasion was fueled by anthropogenic disturbances such as leaving the agricultural lands, fallow and degradation of habitat. As a consequence, native species such as Artemisia indica and Urtica dioica were outcompeted mostly in the fringes of fallow lands, agricultural lands and in the disturbed sites. The intrusion was, however, less in the forest area, implying that community-managed dense canopy forests are less susceptible to invasion and routine management can offset the negative effects of invasion. Even though many negative consequences of the invasion were observed in the study sites, the possibility of the economically exploiting the biomass of invasive alien plant species for generating income locally was noticed.Banko Janakari, Vol. 27, No. 1, page: 31-42

scholarly journals Phenolic composition of leaf and flower extracts of black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Brozdowski ◽  
Boguslawa Waliszewska ◽  
Sasa Gacnik ◽  
Metka Hudina ◽  
Robert Veberic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Phenolic Composition ◽  
Phenolic Profile ◽  
Phenolics Content

Abstract Key Message The best yields in the extraction of hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanols and total phenolics from black cherry flowers were obtained with 40% ethanol and the poorest with water. A 30% higher content of total phenolics was obtained from leaves by using methanol rather than water. Context Black cherry (Prunus serotina Erhr.) is widespread in Europe. Because it is an invasive species, most research has been aimed at trying to find a method to remove this shrub from forests. The incentive for the development of the research was that we were trying to find a possible folk use of black cherry leaves and flowers. Aims The aim of this work was to study the detailed phenolic profile of extracts of P. serotina leaves and flowers. Methods Three types of extracts of P. serotina were made. The extracts were analysed for differences in phenolics content based on different extraction methods. HPLC-MSn was used to identify the phenolic compounds, and HPLC–DAD was used for their quantification. Results The results show that different extraction methods result in differences in the amount of extractables. Flavanols are the main group of identified compounds in both leaves and flowers. A larger extraction efficiency leads to a higher amount of phenolics in the flowers compared to leaves (49.8 vs. 36.5 g/kg dry weight). No difference was detected in the amount of phenolics between water extracts of leaves and flowers. Each extract can be considered rich in phenolics. Conclusion This work shows that leaves and flowers of P. serotina are a rich source of phenolic compounds. We provide interesting results that might be of interest in the industrial valuation of several compounds.

scholarly journals Floristics and Diversity of Invasive Alien Plant Species in Humbo District, South Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Markos Kuma ◽  
Zewde Achiso ◽  
Alefu Chinasho ◽  
Dalga Yaya ◽  
Samuel Tessema
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Fallow Land ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant

Deliberate and unintentional introduction of invasive alien plant species on native biodiversity by aid agencies and other bodies directly or indirectly are being a series of problems on the economy, ecology, politics, and health of life on earth. Identifying and compiling floristics and the status of invasive alien species and identifying which have viable populations are necessary to manage the ecosystems. The present study is therefore intended to provide information for concerned bodies on the area which needs management priority computing the composition, structure, and diversity of invasive alien plants. A field assessment was conducted to determine the distribution and heterogeneity of invasive alien plant species, and then, six kebeles were chosen and transact lines were laid using a purposeful sampling technique. The vegetation and environment data were collected from farmland, grazing land, fallow land, and road sides using 95 subquadrats (5 m × 5 m) set in the center and corner of 19 main quadrats (20 m × 20 m). The voucher specimens collected were taken to the Herbarium of Ethiopia (ETH) for taxonomic identification and future reference. The frequency and density of floristics data were analyzed using MS Excel version 2010, and species diversity was calculated using Shannon (H′), Simpson (D), and evenness (E) indices. Among 35 alien plant species invading natural vegetation in Ethiopia, 25 alien plant species were found in the Humbo district of the Wolaita zone. The densest invasive alien plant species in the area were Parthenium hysterophorus consisting of 15197 individuals/ha, followed by Richardia scabra consisting of 11908 individuals/ha, Xanthium strumarium consisting of 7292 individuals/ha, and Ocimum forskolei consisting of 6280 individuals/ha. The highest species diversity was computed in fallow land (H′ = 2.369), which is followed by farmland (H′ = 1.627) and grazing land (H′ = 1.419). The higher the density of the invasive alien species, the higher the ability to change the structure and diversity of native species of the area results in a decrease in the function and services of the ecosystem. Therefore, management methods must prioritize land types that had the highest diversity of invasive alien species.

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