scholarly journals Nitrogen Addition Exacerbates the Negative Effect of Throughfall Reduction on Soil Respiration in a Bamboo Forest

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 724
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Shirong Liu ◽  
Junwei Luan ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Chunju Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Carbon Limitation ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Bamboo Forest ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Throughfall Reduction

Impacts of drought events and nitrogen (N) deposition on forests are increasingly concerning in the context of global climate change, but their effects, in particular, their interactive effects on soil respiration and its components remain unclear. A two-factor random block field experiment was conducted at a subtropical Moso bamboo forest in Southwest China to explore the response of soil respiration (Rs), autotrophic respiration (Ra), and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) to throughfall re-duction and N addition. Our results showed that throughfall reduction significantly decreased Rs, which is mainly attributed to the decrease in Ra as a result of the decline in fine roots biomass. The N addition led to microbial carbon limitation hence significantly decreased Rh, and thus Rs. We also observed the negative effect of throughfall reduction on Rs was exacerbated by N addition, which is attributed to the significant reduction in Ra under the interaction between throughfall reduction N addition. Our findings suggest that Ra tended to respond more sensitively to potential drought, while Rh responds more sensitively to N deposition, and consequently, increased soil N availability caused by N deposition might aggravate the negative effect of expected drought on soil carbon cycling.

scholarly journals Effects of One-Year Simulated Nitrogen and Acid Deposition on Soil Respiration in a Subtropical Plantation in China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengsheng Xiao ◽  
G. Geoff Wang ◽  
Chongjun Tang ◽  
Huanying Fang ◽  
Jian Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Acid Addition ◽  
One Year ◽  
Co Addition

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) and acid deposition have become global environmental issues and are likely to alter soil respiration (Rs); the largest CO2 source is from soil to the atmosphere. However, to date, much less attention has been focused on the interactive effects and underlying mechanisms of N and acid deposition on Rs, especially for ecosystems that are simultaneously subjected to elevated levels of deposition of both N and acid. Here, to examine the effects of N addition, acid addition, and their interactions with Rs, we conducted a two-way factorial N addition (control, CK; 60 kg N ha−1 a−1, LN; 120 kg N ha−1 a−1, HN) and acid addition (control, CK; pH 4.5, LA; pH 2.5, HA) field experiment in a subtropical plantation in China. Our results showed the following: (1) During the one-year observation period, the seasonal dynamics of Rs presented a single peak curve model, which was closely related to the surface soil temperature. (2) The simulated N deposition and acid deposition significantly decreased the Rs in the subtropical plantation. Compared to the CK plots, the LN and HN treatments reduced the annual mean values of Rs by 41% and 56%, and the annual mean values of Rs were inhibited by 26% and 31% in the LA and HA plots. The inhibition of N application on Rs was stronger than that of the simulated acid deposition. (3) Significant interactions between N addition and acid addition on Rs were detected, and Rs was significantly inhibited under four co-addition treatments. (4) The underlying mechanism and main reason for the responses of Rs to simulated N and acid deposition in this study might be the inhibition of soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity due to soil acidification under increased N and acid input.

scholarly journals Stimulation of soil respiration by elevated CO2 is enhanced under nitrogen limitation in a decade-long grassland study

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (52) ◽  
pp. 33317-33324
Author(s):  
Qun Gao ◽  
Gangsheng Wang ◽  
Kai Xue ◽  
Yunfeng Yang ◽  
Jianping Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Model Parameter Uncertainty

Whether and how CO2 and nitrogen (N) availability interact to influence carbon (C) cycling processes such as soil respiration remains a question of considerable uncertainty in projecting future C–climate feedbacks, which are strongly influenced by multiple global change drivers, including elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (eCO2) and increased N deposition. However, because decades of research on the responses of ecosystems to eCO2 and N enrichment have been done largely independently, their interactive effects on soil respiratory CO2 efflux remain unresolved. Here, we show that in a multifactor free-air CO2 enrichment experiment, BioCON (Biodiversity, CO2, and N deposition) in Minnesota, the positive response of soil respiration to eCO2 gradually strengthened at ambient (low) N supply but not enriched (high) N supply for the 12-y experimental period from 1998 to 2009. In contrast to earlier years, eCO2 stimulated soil respiration twice as much at low than at high N supply from 2006 to 2009. In parallel, microbial C degradation genes were significantly boosted by eCO2 at low but not high N supply. Incorporating those functional genes into a coupled C–N ecosystem model reduced model parameter uncertainty and improved the projections of the effects of different CO2 and N levels on soil respiration. If our observed results generalize to other ecosystems, they imply widely positive effects of eCO2 on soil respiration even in infertile systems.

scholarly journals Contrasting Responses of Soil Respiration Components in Response to Five-Year Nitrogen Addition in a Pinus tabulaeformis Forest in Northern China

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Zhao ◽  
Yan Geng ◽  
Jing Cao ◽  
Lu Yang ◽  
Xiuhai Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Pinus Tabulaeformis ◽  
N Availability ◽  
N Addition ◽  
N Enrichment

Increasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has profound effects on carbon (C) cycling in forest ecosystems. As an important part of belowground C dynamics, soil respiration is potentially affected by changing N availability. However, the responses of total soil respiration (RST) and its three components, soil respiration derived from plant roots (RSR), root-free soil (RSS) and the litter layer (RSL), to such N enrichment remains poorly understood. To assess the effects of N enrichment on soil respiration components, three levels of N addition, namely low (LN, 50 kg N ha−1 year−1), medium (MN, 100 kg N ha−1 year−1) and high (HN, 150 kg N ha−1 year−1), were conducted over five growing seasons from 2011 to 2015 in a temperate Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) forest in northern China. A control plot without N addition (CK) was also established. The five-year mean annual rate of RST was 2.18 ± 0.43 μmol m−2 s−1, and the contributions of RSR, RSS and RSL were 8.8 ± 3.1%, 82.2 ± 4.5% and 9.0 ± 5.5%, respectively. Compared with CK, RST was significantly increased by 16.5% in the HN plots, but not in the LN or MN treatments. RSS was significantly decreased by 18.1%, 26.6% and 18.4% in the LN, MN and HN plots, respectively, due to the reduction of both microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and enzyme activity. In contrast, RSR was increased by more than twice under the MN treatment, which promoted root growth and activity (higher fine root biomass and N concentration). A significant elevation in RSL was only detected in the HN plots, where the increased litter input enhanced litter decomposition and hence RSL. Our findings clearly demonstrated that N addition of different intensities had different effects on soil components. In particular, the above- and belowground components of heterotrophic respiration, RSL and RSR, showed contrasting responses to high level addition of N. Thus, we highlight that the response of soil respiration components to N addition should be examined individually. Our results may contribute to a better understanding of soil respiration dynamics under future N scenarios, and have important implications in forest management.

Effects of nitrogen deposition on litter decomposition and nutrient release mediated by litter types and seasonal change in a temperate forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoyong Yan ◽  
Xiongde Dong ◽  
Binbin Huang ◽  
Honglin Wang ◽  
Ziming Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Mixed Litter ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Four Levels

We conducted a field experiment with four levels of simulated nitrogen (N) deposition (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 g N m−2 yr−1, respectively) to investigate the response of litter decomposition of Pinus koraiensis (PK), Tilia amurensis (TA), and their mixture to N deposition during winter and growing seasons. Results showed that N addition significantly increased the mass loss of PK litter and significantly decreased the mass loss of TA litter throughout the 2 yr decomposition processes, which indicated that the different responses in the decomposition of different litters to N addition can be species specific, potentially attributed to different litter chemistry. The faster decomposition of PK litter with N addition occurred mainly in the winter, whereas the slower decomposition of TA litter with N addition occurred during the growing season. Moreover, N addition had a positive effect on the release of phosphorus, magnesium, and manganese for PK litter and had a negative effect on the release of carbon, iron, and lignin for TA litter. Decomposition and nutrient release from mixed litter with N addition showed a non-additive effect. The mass loss from litter in the first winter and over the entire study correlated positively with the initial concentration of cellulose, lignin, and certain nutrients in the litter, demonstrating the potential influence of different tissue chemistries.

scholarly journals Nitrogen addition decreases methane uptake caused by methanotroph and methanogen imbalances in a Moso bamboo forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Li ◽  
Changhui Peng ◽  
Junbo Zhang ◽  
Yongfu Li ◽  
Xinzhang Song
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Bamboo Forest ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Atmospheric Methane ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Moso Bamboo Forest

AbstractForest soils play an important role in controlling global warming by reducing atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations. However, little attention has been paid to how nitrogen (N) deposition may alter microorganism communities that are related to the CH4 cycle or CH4 oxidation in subtropical forest soils. We investigated the effects of N addition (0, 30, 60, or 90 kg N ha−1 yr−1) on soil CH4 flux and methanotroph and methanogen abundance, diversity, and community structure in a Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) forest in subtropical China. N addition significantly increased methanogen abundance but reduced both methanotroph and methanogen diversity. Methanotroph and methanogen community structures under the N deposition treatments were significantly different from those of the control. In N deposition treatments, the relative abundance of Methanoculleus was significantly lower than that in the control. Soil pH was the key factor regulating the changes in methanotroph and methanogen diversity and community structure. The CH4 emission rate increased with N addition and was negatively correlated with both methanotroph and methanogen diversity but positively correlated with methanogen abundance. Overall, our results suggested that N deposition can suppress CH4 uptake by altering methanotroph and methanogen abundance, diversity, and community structure in subtropical Moso bamboo forest soils.

scholarly journals Responses of soil respiration to elevated carbon dioxide and nitrogen addition in young subtropical forest ecosystems in China

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Deng ◽  
G. Zhou ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
S. Liu ◽  
H. Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Subtropical Forest ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Ambient Co2 ◽  
Ambient N Deposition

Abstract. Global climate change in the real world always exhibits simultaneous changes in multiple factors. Prediction of ecosystem responses to multi-factor global changes in a future world strongly relies on our understanding of their interactions. However, it is still unclear how nitrogen (N) deposition and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] would interactively influence forest floor soil respiration in subtropical China. We assessed the main and interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and N addition on soil respiration by growing tree seedlings in ten large open-top chambers under CO2 (ambient CO2 and 700 μmol mol−1) and nitrogen (ambient and 100 kg N ha−1 yr−1) treatments. Soil respiration, soil temperature and soil moisture were measured for 30 months, as well as above-ground biomass, root biomass and soil organic matter (SOM). Results showed that soil respiration displayed strong seasonal patterns with higher values observed in the wet season (April–September) and lower values in the dry season (October–March) in all treatments. Significant exponential relationships between soil respiration rates and soil temperatures, as well as significant linear relationships between soil respiration rates and soil moistures (below 15%) were found. Both CO2 and N treatments significantly affected soil respiration, and there was significant interaction between elevated [CO2] and N addition (p<0.001, p=0.003, and p=0.006, respectively). We also observed that the stimulatory effect of individual elevated [CO2] (about 29% increased) was maintained throughout the experimental period. The positive effect of N addition was found only in 2006 (8.17% increased), and then had been weakened over time. Their combined effect on soil respiration (about 50% increased) was greater than the impact of either one alone. Mean value of annual soil respiration was 5.32 ± 0.08, 4.54 ± 0.10, 3.56 ± 0.03 and 3.53 ± 0.03 kg CO2 m−2 yr−1 in the chambers exposed to elevated [CO2] and high N deposition (CN), elevated [CO2] and ambient N deposition (CC), ambient [CO2] and high N deposition (NN), and ambient [CO2] and ambient N deposition (CK as a control), respectively. Greater above-ground biomass and root biomass was obtained in the CN, CC and NN treatments, and higher soil organic matter was observed only in the CN treatment. In conclusion, the combined effect of elevated [CO2] and N addition on soil respiration was apparent interaction. They should be evaluated in combination in subtropical forest ecosystems in China where the atmospheric CO2 and N deposition have been increasing simultaneously and remarkably.

scholarly journals Short-Term Nitrogen Addition Does Not Significantly Alter the Effects of Seasonal Drought on Leaf Functional Traits in Machilus pauhoi Kanehira Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Yu ◽  
Dongliang Cheng ◽  
Baoyin Li ◽  
Chaobin Xu ◽  
Zhongrui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Subtropical China ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Leaf Functional Traits ◽  
Seasonal Drought

Research Highlights: Short-term nitrogen (N) addition did not significantly alter the effects of seasonal drought on the leaf functional traits in Machilus pauhoi Kanehira seedlings in N-rich subtropical China. Background and Objectives: Seasonal drought and N deposition are major drivers of global environmental change that affect plant growth and ecosystem function in subtropical China. However, no consensus has been reached on the interactive effects of these two drivers. Materials and Methods: We conducted a full-factorial experiment to analyze the single and combined effects of seasonal drought and short-term N addition on chemical, morphological and physiological traits of M. pauhoi seedlings. Results: Seasonal drought (40% of soil field capacity) had significant negative effects on the leaf N concentrations (LNC), phosphorus (P) concentrations (LPC), leaf thickness (LT), net photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (Gs), and predawn leaf water potential (ψPD), and significant positive effects on the carbon:N (C:N) ratio and specific leaf area (SLA). Short-term N addition (50 kg N·hm−2·year−1 and 100 kg N·hm−2·year−1) tended to decrease the C:N ratio and enhance leaf nutrient, growth, and photosynthetic performance because of increased LNC, LPC, LT, leaf area (LA), SLA, A, E, and ψPD; however, it only had significant effects on LT and Gs. No significant interactive effects on leaf traits were detected. Seasonal drought, short-term N addition, and their interactions had significant effects on soil properties. The soil total C (STC), nitrate N (NO3−-N) and soil total N (STN) concentrations were the main factors that affected the leaf traits. Conclusions: Seasonal drought had a stronger effect on M. pauhoi seedling leaf traits than short-term N deposition, indicating that the interaction between seasonal drought and short-term N deposition may have an additive effecton M. pauhoi seedling growth in N-rich subtropical China.

scholarly journals Effects of Elevated CO2 Concentration and Nitrogen Addition on Soil Respiration in a Cd-Contaminated Experimental Forest Microcosm

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Bo Yao ◽  
Qiwu Hu ◽  
Guihua Zhang ◽  
Yafeng Yi ◽  
Meijuan Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
N Addition

Forests near rapidly industrialized and urbanized regions are often exposed to elevated CO2, increased N deposition, and heavy metal pollution. To date, the effects of elevated CO2 and/or increased N deposition on soil respiration (Rs) under heavy metal contamination are unclear. In this study, we firstly investigated Rs in Cd-contaminated model forests with CO2 enrichment and N addition in subtropical China. Results showed that Rs in all treatments exhibited similar clear seasonal patterns, with soil temperature being a dominant control. Cadmium addition significantly decreased cumulative soil CO2 efflux by 19% compared to the control. The inhibition of Rs caused by Cd addition was increased by N addition (decreased by 34%) was partially offset by elevated CO2 (decreased by 15%), and was not significantly altered by the combined N addition and rising CO2. Soil pH, microbial biomass carbon, carbon-degrading hydrolytic enzymes, and fine root biomass were also significantly altered by the treatments. A structural equation model revealed that the responses of Rs to Cd stress, elevated CO2, and N addition were mainly mediated by soil carbon-degrading hydrolytic enzymes and fine root biomass. Overall, our findings indicate that N deposition may exacerbate the negative effect of Cd on Rs in Cd-contaminated forests and benefit soil carbon sequestration in the future at increasing atmospheric CO2 levels.

Impacts of nitrogen deposition on terrestrial plant diversity: a meta-analysis in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Juan Han ◽  
Jia-Yu Cao ◽  
Jin-Liang Liu ◽  
Jia Jiang ◽  
Jian Ni
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Terrestrial Plant ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Experiment Duration

AbstractAimsWith the global atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition increasing, the effect of N deposition on terrestrial plant diversity has been widely studied. Some studies have reviewed the effects of N deposition on plant species diversity; however, all studies addressed the effects of N deposition on plant community focused on species richness in specific ecosystem. There is a need for a systematic meta-analysis covering multiple dimensions of plant diversity in multiple climate zones and ecosystems types. Our goal was to quantify changes in species richness, evenness and uncertainty in plant communities in response to N addition across different environmental and experimental contexts.MethodsWe performed a meta-analysis of 623 experimental records published in English and Chinese journals to evaluate the response of terrestrial plant diversity to the experimental N addition in China. Three metrics were used to quantify the change in plant diversity: species richness (SR), evenness (Pielou index) uncertainty (Shannon index).Important FindingsResults showed that (i) N addition negatively affected SR in temperate, Plateau zones and subtropical zone, but had no significant effect on Shannon index in subtropical zones; (ii) N addition decreased SR, Shannon index and Pielou index in grassland, and the negative effect of N addition on SR was stronger in forest than in grassland; (iii) N addition negatively affected plant diversity (SR, Shannon index and Pielou index) in the long term, whereas it did not affect plant diversity in the short term. Furthermore, the increase in N addition levels strengthened the negative effect of N deposition on plant diversity with long experiment duration; and (iv) the negative effect of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) addition on SR was stronger than that of urea (CO(NH2)2) addition, but the negative effect of NH4NO3 addition on Pielou index was weaker than that of CO(NH2)2 addition. Our results indicated that the effects of N addition on plant diversity varied depending on climate zones, ecosystem types, N addition levels, N type and experiment duration. This underlines the importance of integrating multiple dimensions of plant diversity and multiple factors into assessments of plant diversity to global environmental change.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Addition Affects Soil Respiration Primarily through Changes in Microbial Community Structure and Biomass in a Subtropical Natural Forest

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiacong Zhou ◽  
Xiaofei Liu ◽  
Jinsheng Xie ◽  
Maokui Lyu ◽  
Yong Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
N Addition ◽  
C Cycling ◽  
Total Plfa

Forest soil respiration plays an important role in global carbon (C) cycling. Owing to the high degree of C and nitrogen (N) cycle coupling, N deposition rates may greatly influence forest soil respiration, and possibly even global C cycling. Soil microbes play a crucial role in regulating the biosphere–atmosphere C exchange; however, how microbes respond to N addition remains uncertain. To better understand this process, the experiment was performed in the Castanopsis kawakamii Hayata Nature Reserve, in the subtropical zone of China. Treatments involved applying different levels of N (0, 40, and 80 kg ha−2 year−1) over a three-year period (January 2013–December 2015) to explore how soil physicochemical properties, respiration rate, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) concentration, and solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance responded to various N addition rate. Results showed that high levels of N addition significantly decreased soil respiration; however, low levels of N addition significantly increased soil respiration. High levels of N reduced soil pH and enhanced P and C co-limitation of microorganisms, leading to significant reductions in total PLFA and changes in the structure of microbial communities. Significant linear relationships were observed between annual cumulative respiration and the concentration of microbial biomass (total PLFA, gram-positive bacteria (G+), gram-negative bacteria (G−), total bacteria, and fungi) and the microbial community structure (G+: G− ratio). Taken together, increasing N deposition changed microbial community structure and suppressed microbial biomass, ultimately leading to recalcitrant C accumulation and soil C emissions decrease in subtropical forest.

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