scholarly journals Diagnostic Assessment and Restoration Plan for Damaged Forest around the Seokpo Zinc Smelter, Central Eastern Korea

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Areum Kim ◽  
Bongsoon Lim ◽  
Jaewon Seol ◽  
Chihong Lim ◽  
Younghan You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Diagnostic Assessment ◽  
Exchangeable Cation ◽  
Soil Amelioration ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Reference Information ◽  
Vegetation Damage

Research Highlights: This study was carried out to diagnose the forest ecosystem damaged by air pollution and to then develop a restoration plan to be used in the future. The restoration plan was prepared by combining the diagnostic assessment for the damaged forest ecosystem and the reference information obtained from the conservation reserve with an intact forest ecosystem. The restoration plan includes the method for the amelioration of the acidified soil and the plant species to be introduced for restoration of the damaged vegetation depending on the degree of damage. Background and Objectives: The forest ecosystem around the Seokpo smelter was so severely damaged that denuded lands without any vegetation appear, and landslides continue. Therefore, restoration actions are urgently required to prevent more land degradation. This study aims to prepare the restoration plan. Materials and Methods: The diagnostic evaluation was carried out through satellite image analysis and field surveys for vegetation damage and soil acidification. The reference information was obtained from the intact natural forest ecosystem. Results: Vegetation damage was severe near the pollution source and showed a reducing trend as it moved away. The more severe the vegetation damage, the more acidic the soil was, and thereby the exchangeable cation content and vegetation damage were significantly correlated. The restoration plan was prepared by proposing a soil amelioration method and the plants to be introduced. The soil amelioration method focuses on ameliorating acidified soil and supplementing insufficient nutrients. The plants to be introduced for restoring the damaged forest ecosystem were prepared by compiling the reference information, the plants tolerant to the polluted environment, and the early successional species. The restoration plan proposed the Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica, and Cornuscontroversa–Juglansmandshurica communities as the reference conditions for the ridge, slope, and valley, respectively, by reflecting the topographic condition. Conclusions: The result of a diagnostic assessment showed that ecological restoration is required urgently as vegetation damage and soil acidification are very severe. The restoration plan was prepared by compiling the results of these diagnostic assessments and reference information collected from intact natural forests. The restoration plan was prepared in the two directions of soil amelioration and vegetation restoration.

scholarly journals Evaluating incentive-based programs to support forest ecosystem services

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM NIKOLAKIS ◽  
JOHN L. INNES
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
South America ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services

Forests are the most widespread terrestrial ecosystem on Earth. In 2015, natural forests accounted for 93% (3.7 billion ha) of this global forest area (FAO 2016), albeit only 26% of these are primary forest (i.e. old-growth or ancient woodland). Since 1990, 31 million ha of primary forest have been modified or cleared, and a net loss of 129 million ha of natural forest has occurred (–0.13%/year) (FAO 2016). This deforestation has largely been in tropical South America and Africa, where forests have been cleared and converted for agricultural uses, resulting in habitat loss and carbon emissions.

scholarly journals Assessing the Amenity Value of Forest Ecosystem Services: Perspectives from the Use of Sustainable Green Spaces

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Yu Liu ◽  
Yen-Yu Lin ◽  
Han-Shen Chen ◽  
Chi-Ming Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Environmental Groups ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Amenity Value ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services

Due to the fragility of forest ecosystems, developing forest recreational resources must consider sustainable ecological, economic, and social development, and reduce impacts from recreational activities. Diverse forests with different biodiversity could promote forest ecosystem services and resistance to the pressure of tourism development. Under such circumstance, it is important to ensure that the travel and tourism industry develops under the principle of sustainable management and assists ecosystem conservation. Forest ecosystem services (FES) have received increasing attention. Especially, the amenity value provided by FES is beneficial for enhancing human health, and has gained popularity. Huisun National Forest Park (HNFP) has the greatest natural forests in Taiwan, and tourists visit the HNFP for the well-preserved environment, abundance of green space, cleanliness, beautiful scenery, and quietness. This study assessed the amenity value of the Huisun National Forest Park (HNFP) by adopting the payment card method via face-to-face survey data of 223 respondents. The annual amenity value of the HNFP per person is NT$2884 in winter and NT$2905 in summer. The total annual amenity value of the HNFP is NT$473,978,430–474,755,774. The results showed that gender, age, education level, monthly income, place of residence, participation in environmental groups, frequency of visiting the HNFP, and stay period significantly influence willingness to pay (WTP). This study concludes that an ecologically sustainable forest with ecosystem services could provide multiple benefits to different stakeholders.

scholarly journals Understory vegetation in natural and plantation forest ecosystem of Sarguja (C.G.), India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 668-673
Author(s):  
M. K. Jhariya ◽  
D. K. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Teak Plantation ◽  
Forest Division ◽  
And Function

Understory vegetation serves a special role in maintaining the structure and function of forest ecosystem as they strongly influence regeneration, seedling establishment, growth, nutrient cycling and thus the dynamics of the whole forest ecosystem. The present investigation is aimed to study the composition, structure and diversity of understory vegetation in natural forests and teak plantation of Sarguja forest division of Chhattisgarh. A total of 23 species comprising 5 shrubs and 18 herbs were recorded in natural forest while in teak plantation 3 shrub and 20 herb species were found. In natural forest a total of 4500 shrubs/ha and 8,32,000 herbs/ha were recorded while in plantation site it was 5500 shrubs/ha and 6,96,000 herbs/ha, respectively. In shrub layer the value of species diversity was 1.10 for teak plantation and 2.20 for natural forest. Simpson index was 0.23 for natural forest and 0.57 for teak plantation. The Margalef’s index of richness varied from 0.23-0.48, least in plantation site and peak in natural forest, Equitability index varied from 1.00 to 1.37, lowest in plantation site and higher in plantation site and β diversity was 1.20 in natural forest and 2.00 in plantation site. In case of herb layer the value of Shannon index, species richness and equitability values were higher in teak plantation while the Simpsons index and beta diversity were found more in natural forest.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Flora Characteristics and Species Diversity on Dam Slopes for Sustainable Ecological Management: Cases of Eight Dams in Korea

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1403
Author(s):  
Gwon-Soo Bahn ◽  
Sung-Yeol Kim ◽  
Jae-Yong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Ecological Management ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Left And Right

Dams are gray infrastructure, providing various benefits such as flood control, water supply, and power generation. In order to create the next generation of infrastructure that explores how nature can act as infrastructure to meet development and ecological sustainability, artificial plantings have been attempted on dam slopes in Korea since 2000. As the planted trees are now stabilized to form a forest, it is time to study the floral characteristics and functions for effective ecological management and the safety of the dams. In this study, we investigated and analyzed flora in the slopes of eight dams in Korea. The comparative study of the whole flora in both the planted zones of the slopes of dams and left and right forests of dams revealed that the number of plant species was higher in the planted zones than in the left and right forests of the same size area. The plant family containing the greatest number of species in the slopes was Asteraceae, followed by Poaceae, Fabaceae, and Rosaceae. Currently, the community structures and families in the slopes of dams exhibit the characteristics of habitats in the initial stage of vegetation succession. Our investigation of planted species and immigration species in the slopes revealed that the latter comprised 89.9%. An average of 34.4% of species were interacting with the dam slope and the left and right forests. The species diversity index on dam slopes showed a tendency to be higher as the number of planted species increased and the period time increased. Average growth heights of planted trees were identified as 0.5–1.6 m for the shrubs layer, 3.5–4.5 m for the small trees layer, and 6.0–7.2 m for the trees layer. The heights of major trees, including Pinus densiflora, Quercus spp., Prunus sargentii, Styrax japonicus, and Cornus controversa, were similar to or higher than those of their counterparts in natural forests. As a result, dam slopes were similar to natural forests, having potential as habitats for various flora. To harmoniously maintain the ecological health and safety of water resource facilities of the slopes of dams, however, it is necessary to conduct periodic and various investigations on changes of the flora and growth of trees, and actively manage them.

The proton cycle of a deciduous forest ecosystem in the Netherlands and its implications for soil acidification

1990 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Verstraten ◽  
J. C. R. Dopheide ◽  
J. J. H. M. Duysings ◽  
A. Tietema ◽  
W. Bouten
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Deciduous Forest
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