scholarly journals Classification of Tree Functional Types in a Megadiverse Tropical Mountain Forest from Leaf Optical Metrics and Functional Traits for Two Related Ecosystem Functions

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Oliver Limberger ◽  
Jürgen Homeier ◽  
Nina Farwig ◽  
Franz Pucha-Cofrep ◽  
Andreas Fries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Silhouette Width ◽  
Functional Types ◽  
Species Specific

Few plant functional types (PFTs) with fixed average traits are used in land surface models (LSMs) to consider feedback between vegetation and the changing atmosphere. It is uncertain if highly diverse vegetation requires more local PFTs. Here, we analyzed how 52 tree species of a megadiverse mountain rain forest separate into local tree functional types (TFTs) for two functions: biomass production and solar radiation partitioning. We derived optical trait indicators (OTIs) by relating leaf optical metrics and functional traits through factor analysis. We distinguished four OTIs explaining 38%, 21%, 15%, and 12% of the variance, of which two were considered important for biomass production and four for solar radiation partitioning. The clustering of species-specific OTI values resulted in seven and eight TFTs for the two functions, respectively. The first TFT ensemble (P-TFTs) represented a transition from low to high productive types. The P-TFT were separated with a fair average silhouette width of 0.41 and differed markedly in their main trait related to productivity, Specific Leaf Area (SLA), in a range between 43.6 to 128.2 (cm2/g). The second delineates low and high reflective types (E-TFTs), were subdivided by different levels of visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) albedo. The E-TFTs were separated with an average silhouette width of 0.28 and primarily defined by their VIS/NIR albedo. The eight TFT revealed an especially pronounced range in NIR reflectance of 5.9% (VIS 2.8%), which is important for ecosystem radiation partitioning. Both TFT sets were grouped along elevation, modified by local edaphic gradients and species-specific traits. The VIS and NIR albedo were related to altitude and structural leaf traits (SLA), with NIR albedo showing more complex associations with biochemical traits and leaf water. The TFTs will support LSM simulations used to analyze the functioning of mountain rainforests under climate change.

scholarly journals A research framework for projecting ecosystem change in highly diverse tropical mountain ecosystems

Oecologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Bendix ◽  
Nicolay Aguire ◽  
Erwin Beck ◽  
Achim Bräuning ◽  
Roland Brandl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Ecosystem Change ◽  
Mountain Ecosystems ◽  
Abiotic Conditions ◽  
Research Framework ◽  
Tropical Mountain

AbstractTropical mountain ecosystems are threatened by climate and land-use changes. Their diversity and complexity make projections how they respond to environmental changes challenging. A suitable way are trait-based approaches, by distinguishing between response traits that determine the resistance of species to environmental changes and effect traits that are relevant for species' interactions, biotic processes, and ecosystem functions. The combination of those approaches with land surface models (LSM) linking the functional community composition to ecosystem functions provides new ways to project the response of ecosystems to environmental changes. With the interdisciplinary project RESPECT, we propose a research framework that uses a trait-based response-effect-framework (REF) to quantify relationships between abiotic conditions, the diversity of functional traits in communities, and associated biotic processes, informing a biodiversity-LSM. We apply the framework to a megadiverse tropical mountain forest. We use a plot design along an elevation and a land-use gradient to collect data on abiotic drivers, functional traits, and biotic processes. We integrate these data to build the biodiversity-LSM and illustrate how to test the model. REF results show that aboveground biomass production is not directly related to changing climatic conditions, but indirectly through associated changes in functional traits. Herbivory is directly related to changing abiotic conditions. The biodiversity-LSM informed by local functional trait and soil data improved the simulation of biomass production substantially. We conclude that local data, also derived from previous projects (platform Ecuador), are key elements of the research framework. We specify essential datasets to apply this framework to other mountain ecosystems.

scholarly journals Mapping Regional Ecosystem Functional Types Based on Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 05047
Author(s):  
Rong Liu ◽  
Fang Huang ◽  
Yue Ren
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Functional Types ◽  
Sentinel 2

Ecosystem functional types (EFTs) are the patches of land surface showing similar in carbon dynamics. EFTs are not defined by the structure and composition of vegetation and represent the spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem functions. Identifying EFTs based on low-resolution satellite remote sensing data cannot satisfy the needs of fine-scale characterization of regional ecosystem functional patterns. Here, taking Zhenlai County, Northeast China as an example, the heterogeneity in ecosystem functions was characterized by identifying EFTs from Sentinel-2 time series data using ISODATA algorithm. Ecosystem functional attributes derived from dynamics of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR), and canopy water content (CWC) in the growing season were calculated. The correspondence analysis (CA) method was used to reveal relationships between the EFTs and land cover types. Our results showed that the nine selected remotely sensed variables indicating carbon and water flux of the regional ecosystems could be adopted in ecosystem functions classification. The obtained EFTs based on Sentinel-2 images reflected the internal structure of carbon balance well and the distribution pattern of ecosystem functional diversity a fine scale. This study helps to understand the functional heterogeneity pattern of temperate terrestrial ecosystems.

scholarly journals Surface Albedo Assimilation and Its Impact on Surface Radiation Budget in Beijing

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Chunlei Meng
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Surface Albedo ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Surface Radiation ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Surface Radiation Budget

Surface albedo is a crucial parameter in land surface radiation budget. As bias exists between the model simulated and observed surface albedo, data assimilation is an important method to improve the simulation results. Moreover, surface albedo is associated with the wavelength of the sunlight. So, solar radiation partitioning is important to parameterize the surface albedo. In this paper, the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer- (MODIS-) retrieved direct visible, direct near-infrared, diffuse visible, and diffuse near-infrared surface albedos were assimilated into the integrated urban land model (IUM). The solar radiation partitioning method was introduced to parameterize the surface albedo. Based on the albedo data from MODIS and the solar radiation partitioning method, the surface albedo data set for the Beijing municipal area was generated. Based on the surface albedo data set and the IUM, the impacts of the surface albedo on the surface radiation budget were discussed quantitatively. Surface albedo is inversely proportional to the net radiation. For urban areas, after assimilation, the annual average net radiation decreases about 5.6%. For cropland, grassland, and forest areas, after assimilation, the annual average net radiations increase about 20.2%, 24.3%, and 18.7%, respectively.

scholarly journals ORCHIDEE-SRC v1.0: an extension of the land surface model ORCHIDEE for simulating short rotation coppice poplar plantations

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 4019-4043
Author(s):  
T. De Groote ◽  
D. Zona ◽  
L. S. Broeckx ◽  
M. S. Verlinden ◽  
S. Luyssaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Short Rotation Coppice ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract. Modelling biomass production and the environmental impact of short rotation coppice (SRC) plantations is necessary for planning their deployment, as they are becoming increasingly important for global energy production. This paper describes the modification of the widely used land surface model ORCHIDEE for stand scale simulations of SRC plantations. The model uses weather data, soil texture and species-specific parameters to predict the aboveground (harvestable) biomass production, as well as carbon and energy fluxes of an SRC plantation. Modifications to the model were made to the management, growth, and allocation modules of ORCHIDEE. The modifications presented in this paper were evaluated using data from two poplar based SRC sites. The simulations show that the model performs very well to predict aboveground (harvestable) biomass production (within measured ranges), ecosystem photosynthesis (R2 = 0.78, NRMSE = 0.064, PCC = 0.89) and ecosystem respiration (R2 = 0.95, NRMSE = 0.081, PCC = 0.91). Overall, the extended model, ORCHIDEE-SRC, proved to be a tool suitable for predicting biomass production of SRC plantations.

Carbon isotope discrimination as a tracer of functional traits in a mediterranean macchia plant community

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Werner ◽  
Cristina Máguas
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Evergreen Species ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Functional Types ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Species Specific

Characterising functional plant groups with simple robust parameters of structural and functional traits is an important tool in ecological research. The reliability of carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) as an indicator of functional types was assessed in a highly diverse mediterranean macchia comprising drought semi-deciduous malacophylls, evergreen sclerophylls and a gymnosperm. Pronounced differences in Δ13C of 4‰ occurred: semi-deciduous species (Cistus sp. L.) showed the highest and the gymnosperm (Juniperus sp. L.) the lowest Δ13C (20.3 ± 0.5‰ and 16.2 ± 0.18‰, respectively). Across all studied species, Δ13C was correlated with (i) phenology (length of growing period) and (ii) leaf structure (leaf mass and N per area). The correlation of Δ13C with leaf water potentials, an indicator of drought stress, was species-specific and only 6 out of 11 species exhibited a significant relationship. Thus, leaf phenology governs seasonal responsiveness of Δ13C to drought, which constrains its applicability as an indicator of water use efficiency, particularly in evergreen species with short growing periods. Principal components analysis indicated the robustness of Δ13C for the classification of functional groups yielding similar results based on multiple leaf traits or solely on Δ13C. Hence Δ13C provides an ecological tracer of different functional types, integrating structural, functional and phenological attributes.

scholarly journals Solar Radiation Partitioning and Surface Albedo Parameterization in the Hinterland of Taklimakan Desert

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlei Meng ◽  
Huoqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Zenith Angle ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Solar Zenith Angle ◽  
Surface Albedo ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Surface Radiation ◽  
Parameterization Scheme ◽  
Taklimakan Desert ◽  
Near Surface

Surface albedo is one of the key parameters of land surface radiation and energy balance. As surface albedoes for visible and near-infrared solar radiation are quite different, solar radiation partitioning is important to parameterize the total surface albedo and upward solar radiation. In this paper, a surface albedo parameterization scheme was introduced and a solar radiation partitioning method was developed to improve the simulation of the upward solar radiation. The simulation results were validated in a hinterland site of the Taklimakan Desert. The surface albedo is not only associated with the soil moisture, but associated with the solar zenith angle. The solar radiation partitioning method considers the joint influences of cloud cover, near-surface air pressure, and solar zenith angle and was compared with the method using the Simple Biosphere Model version 3 (SiB3). The total albedo depends on the partitioning of the total visible and near-infrared radiations. The results indicate the surface albedo parameterization scheme is important to parameterize the upward solar radiation. The new solar radiation partitioning method could improve the simulation result.

Mangrove community response to subsidence inflicted sea level change in Car Nicobar Island, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-427
Author(s):  
Nehru Prabakaran
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Nicobar Island ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractThe inter-specific resilience among mangrove species to sea level rise (SLR) is a key to design conservation strategies for this economically important ecosystem that is among the most vulnerable to SLR. Tectonic processes can cause sudden increases or drops in sea level due to subsidence or uplift of the land surface, which can also provide insights for the mangrove community responses to rapid sea level change. This study aimed to investigate the responses of mangrove species to rapid SLR caused by land subsidence of 1.1 m during the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake at Car Nicobar Island. The Rhizophora spp. showed remarkable resilience to this rapid SLR, while the landward mangrove vegetation comprising Bruguiera spp., Lumnitzera spp., Sonneratia spp. etc., were unable to survive. Also, Rhizophora spp. establishment in the previous landward mangrove zones was more rapid than the landward mangrove species establishment in the previous terrestrial zones. The observed resilience of Rhizophora spp. may be due to the local specific geological legacy and species-specific ecological processes. However, further studies focusing on microcosm experiments to understand the Rhizophora spp. resilience to rapid SLR at the study site is required to strengthen these observations.

Contrasting yield formation characteristics in two super-rice hybrids that differ in growth duration

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Min Huang ◽  
Zui Tao ◽  
Tao Lei ◽  
Fangbo Cao ◽  
Jiana Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Rice Hybrid ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Formation

Summary The development of high-yielding, short-duration super-rice hybrids is important for ensuring food security in China where multiple cropping is widely practiced and large-scale farming has gradually emerged. In this study, field experiments were conducted over 3 years to identify the yield formation characteristics in the shorter-duration (∼120 days) super-rice hybrid ‘Guiliangyou 2’ (G2) by comparing it with the longer-duration (∼130 days) super-rice hybrid ‘Y-liangyou 1’ (Y1). The results showed that G2 had a shorter pre-heading growth duration and consequently a shorter total growth duration compared to Y1. Compared to Y1, G2 had lower total biomass production that resulted from lower daily solar radiation, apparent radiation use efficiency (RUE), crop growth rate (CGR), and biomass production during the pre-heading period, but the grain yield was not significantly lower than that of Y1 because it was compensated for by the higher harvest index that resulted from slower leaf senescence (i.e., slower decline in leaf area index during the post-heading period) and higher RUE, CGR, and biomass production during the post-heading period. Our findings suggest that it is feasible to reduce the dependence of yield formation on growth duration to a certain extent in rice by increasing the use efficiency of solar radiation through crop improvement and also highlight the need for a greater fundamental understanding of the physiological processes involved in the higher use efficiency of solar radiation in super-rice hybrids.

Morphological and functional traits of herbaceous plants with different functional types in the European Northeast

Plant Ecology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 219 (11) ◽  
pp. 1295-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Dalke ◽  
A. B. Novakovskiy ◽  
S. P. Maslova ◽  
Y. A. Dubrovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Functional Types
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