scholarly journals Operational Costs of Mid-Performance Forwarders in Czech Forest Bioeconomy

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Jiří Dvořák ◽  
Martin Jankovský ◽  
Martin Chytrý ◽  
Ondřej Nuhlíček ◽  
Pavel Natov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Central European ◽  
Personnel Costs ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Machine Productivity ◽  
Machine Utilization

Cut-to-length (CTL) operations are expanding in Central European bio-economies. However, they are costly, so efficiency must be maximized. The objective of this study was to analyze direct operational costs of three forwarders from the year 2006 until 2019. Annual amortization, services, materials, and personnel costs were analyzed and compared through ANOVA, trends were analyzed through linear regression. Forwarders LVS 5, John Deere 1010, and John Deere 1110E were deployed in coniferous forest stands with a mean stem volume between 0.10 and 0.84 m3/stem, forwarding distance between 261 and 560 m. The machines forwarded between 4045 and 34,604 m3 of timber per year, over operational times between 490 and 3896 MH (machine hours)/year, reaching machine utilization between 58% and 89%, machine productivity between 3.5 and 12.3 m3/MH, and costs between 20.95 and 84.39 €/MH. The most substantial were personnel costs (35 to 66% of the total costs), followed by materials (14.9–27.1%), amortization (12.5–15.7%), and services (3.3–22.1%). Differences between total operational costs per m3 of machines with different engine powers were not observed.

Spatial analysis of density dependent pattern in coniferous forest stands

Vegetatio ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Franklin ◽  
Joel Michaelsen ◽  
Alan H. Strahler
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Density Dependent

scholarly journals Consequences of Climate Change-Induced Habitat Conversions on Red Wood Ants in a Central European Mountain: A Case Study

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1677
Author(s):  
Orsolya Juhász ◽  
Ágnes Fürjes-Mikó ◽  
Anna Tenyér ◽  
Anna Ágnes Somogyi ◽  
Dianne Joy Aguilon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Central European ◽  
Formica Polyctena ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Red Wood Ants ◽  
Wood Ants

The consequences of anthropogenic climate change are one of the major concerns of conservation biology. A cascade of negative effects is expected to affect various ecosystems, one of which is Central European coniferous forests and their unique biota. These coniferous forests are the primary habitat of many forest specialist species such as red wood ants. Climate change-induced rising of temperature allows trees to skip winter hibernation, making them more vulnerable to storms that cause wind felling, and in turn, promotes bark beetle infestations that results in unscheduled clear-cuttings. Red wood ants can also be exposed to such habitat changes. We investigated the effects of bark beetle-induced clear-cutting and the absence of coniferous trees on colonies of Formica polyctena, including a mixed-coniferous forest as a reference. Our aim was to investigate how these habitat features affect the nest characteristics and nesting habits of F. polyctena. Our results indicate that, in the absence of conifers, F. polyctena tend to use different alternatives for nest material, colony structure, and food sources. However, the vitality of F. polyctena colonies significantly decreased (smaller nest mound volumes). Our study highlights the ecological flexibility of this forest specialist and its potential to survive under extreme conditions.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MODAL KERJA DAN BIAYA OPERASIONAL TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
Ani Widosari Trisnaningsih ◽  
Haryono Umar
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
F Test ◽  
Operational Costs

In making a profitability decision, of course the company must have sufficient capital to finance operations in the company. This is to see how the influence of working capital and operational costs on profitability. The research method used by researchers is the method of multiple linear regression analysis, the coefficient of determination test, also performed a classic assumption test that is the Normality, Multicollinearity, Heteroscedasticity and Autocorrelation Tests and also the Hypothesis Test which consists of the F Test and the t Test.Based on the t test (partially) it can be seen that working capital has a significant effect on profitability. Whereas Operational Costs do not affect the profitability. And based on the F Test the value of Fcalculates that working capital and operational costs affect profitability. 

scholarly journals Effects of Bark Stripping on Timber Production and Structure of Norway Spruce Forests in Relation to Climatic Factors

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Cukor ◽  
Zdeněk Vacek ◽  
Rostislav Linda ◽  
Stanislav Vacek ◽  
Petr Marada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Bark Stripping ◽  
Karst Forest ◽  
Production Parameters

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of bark stripping caused by sika deer (Cervus nippon [Temminck]) on the production and structure of young Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) forest stands (41–43 years). Production parameters, structure, diversity, and the dynamics of radial growth in selected forest stands in relation to climatic conditions were evaluated. Similar to other production parameters, stand volumes showed lower values on research plots heavily damaged by bark stripping (290 m3 ha−1) compared to stands with lower tree stem damages (441 m3 ha−1). A significant decrease in stem volume was recorded for trees with stem circumference damage higher than 1/3 of the stem circumference. In most cases, the trees were damaged between the ages of 10–23 years, specifically the radial growth was significantly lowered in this period. The diameter increment of damaged trees dropped to 64% of the healthy counterparts in this period. Bark stripping damages reached up to 93% of the stem circumference with a mean damage of 31%. Stem rot was found on 62% of damaged trees. In our study area, with respect to the terms of climatic conditions, precipitation had a higher effect on radial growth of the Norway spruce compared to temperature. The main limiting climatic factor of tree growth was the lack of precipitation within a growing season, particularly in June of the current year.

scholarly journals Yield Responses of Black Spruce to Forest Vegetation Management Treatments: Initial Responses and Rotational Projections

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Forest Vegetation Management

The objectives of this study were to (1) quantitatively summarize the early yield responses of black spruce (Picea mariana(Mill.) B.S.P.) to forest vegetation management (FVM) treatments through a meta-analytical review of the scientific literature, and (2) given (1), estimate the rotational consequences of these responses through model simulation. Based on a fixed-effects meta-analytic approach using 44 treated-control yield pairs derived from 12 experiments situated throughout the Great Lakes—St. Lawrence and Canadian Boreal Forest Regions, the resultant mean effect size (response ratio) and associated 95% confidence interval for basal diameter, total height, stem volume, and survival responses, were respectively: 54.7% (95% confidence limits (lower/upper): 34.8/77.6), 27.3% (15.7/40.0), 198.7% (70.3/423.5), and 2.9% (−5.5/11.8). The results also indicated that early and repeated treatments will yield the largest gains in terms of mean tree size and survival. Rotational simulations indicated that FVM treatments resulted in gains in stand-level operability (e.g., reductions of 9 and 5 yr for plantations established on poor-medium and good-excellent site qualities, resp.). The challenge of maintaining coniferous forest cover on recently disturbed sites, attaining statutory-defined free-to-grow status, and ensuring long-term productivity, suggest that FVM will continue to be an essential silvicultural treatment option when managing black spruce plantations.

Natural regeneration determines wintering bird presence in wind-damaged coniferous forest stands independent of postdisturbance logging

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1232-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinja A.B. Werner ◽  
Jörg Müller ◽  
Marco Heurich ◽  
Simon Thorn
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Bird Abundance ◽  
Coniferous Trees ◽  
Mature Forest

Natural disturbances in European production forests are undesired from an economic perspective but are important drivers of biodiversity. The removal of damaged timber to restore economic value is accompanied by negative effects on various species groups, particularly breeding bird communities, and can hinder natural regeneration. However, little is known about the effect of postdisturbance logging on bird assemblages in winter when temperatures are low and food resources are unpredictable. We conducted fixed-radius point counts of wintering birds in forest stands logged or unlogged after windthrows and in mature forest stands to test our predictions that bird species densities and abundances (i) are lower in postdisturbance logged stands and (ii) depend on the amount of natural regeneration, (iii) which differs between logged and unlogged stands. Our generalized linear mixed model did not support the expected differences in bird abundance or species densities between postdisturbance logged and unlogged stands but indicated that mature forest stands harbor the highest bird abundances and species densities. The number of regenerated coniferous trees significantly positively affected wintering bird abundances in both postdisturbance logged and unlogged stands. Hence, the number of coniferous trees appears to be a main predictor of wintering bird presence.

METODY PROWADZENIA ODNOWIEŃ NATURALNYCH SOSNY ZWYCZAJNEJ (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) W NADLEŚNICTWIE SKWIERZYNA

2020 ◽  
Vol XIII ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Maciej Hałuszczak
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Basic Method ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Forest District

For many years, the Skwierzyna Forest District has been a leader among 35 units of the Regional Directorate of State Forests in Szczecin in terms of the area of the obtained natural regeneration of Scots pine. In the Skwierzyna Forest District in the period 2010-2018, 522.93 ha of natural regeneration was recognized, which constitutes 43% of the total regeneration, the habitat of fresh mixed coniferous forest and fresh coniferous forest as optimal for obtaining regeneration of the natural pine. In the spring date of plowing, the forest plow LPz-75 is applied, as the best for obtaining satisfactory self-seeding. The basic method of natural regeneration of pine in the Skwierzyna Forest Inspectorate is the use of a strip-like clear cutting (Ib) in the form of classic narrow sheds, with a cutting width of up to 60 m. It is noteworthy that in the woodcutting the under-eaves undergrowths, arising in forest stands close to the harvest, are left intact and later used within the naturally renovated area.

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