scholarly journals Changes in the Market of Precious Wood: A Case Study of Submission System in Poland

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Dariusz Zastocki ◽  
Jarosław Oktaba ◽  
Hubert Lachowicz
Keyword(s):  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Price Trends ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
Timber Sale ◽  
Timber Market ◽  
Timber Markets

A timber market occupies a very particular position within the economic reality. Trading of commodities such as precious timber is, indeed, strongly conditioned by the carrying capacity and the silvicultural potential of the forest ecosystem. Timber markets in Poland are characterized by a controlling position of the State Forests, and one of the possible forms of wood sale is the system of submission. A submission usually implies that small quantities of wood with unusual features are being offered to a specific group of customers. The paper presents the sale results and prices of veneer wood commercialized in submission systems and in other forms of timber sale in the territory of Krosno during the years 2000−2019. It is one of the oldest submission markets in Poland, where the most expensive log ever in Poland was sold (13,000 USD/log—close to 7000 USD/m3). The Regional Directorate of State Forest (RDSF) of Krosno is located in the south-eastern part of Poland and manages a forest area of approximately 400,000 hectares. Annual timber harvesting amounts to 2 million m3, of which less than 2000 m3 annually is allocated to the submissions. The data cover a 20-year continuous time series and allow tracing changes in the wood volume offered to the market, the species population structure, and price trends for individual species. The data are being discussed against the background of the economic situation and in relation to the average prices obtained from other methods of sale. Beech was the most sold, but the demands for oak and sycamore appeared to be particularly high during the period of observation. The unity prices can be very variable even for wood from the same species, especially for sycamore. The prices are generally demand-driven and show strong influences from furniture industries and fashion. A rising demand for high quality timber and logs of big dimensions has been noticed. The submission system results in substantial economic benefits for the forest management and the region as a whole.

scholarly journals Photovoltaics Enabling Sustainable Energy Communities: Technological Drivers and Emerging Markets

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1862
Author(s):  
Alexandros-Georgios Chronis ◽  
Foivos Palaiogiannis ◽  
Iasonas Kouveliotis-Lysikatos ◽  
Panos Kotsampopoulos ◽  
Nikos Hatziargyriou
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Local Energy ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Energy Community

In this paper, we investigate the economic benefits of an energy community investing in small-scale photovoltaics (PVs) when local energy trading is operated amongst the community members. The motivation stems from the open research question on whether a community-operated local energy market can enhance the investment feasibility of behind-the-meter small-scale PVs installed by energy community members. Firstly, a review of the models, mechanisms and concepts required for framing the relevant concepts is conducted, while a clarification of nuances at important terms is attempted. Next, a tool for the investigation of the economic benefits of operating a local energy market in the context of an energy community is developed. We design the local energy market using state-of-the-art formulations, modified according to the requirements of the case study. The model is applied to an energy community that is currently under formation in a Greek municipality. From the various simulations that were conducted, a series of generalizable conclusions are extracted.

scholarly journals A Questionnaire Case Study of Opinions of Chinese Agricultural Workers on the Coordinated Control of Emissions of Ammonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1994
Author(s):  
Muxue Liang ◽  
Hong Liao ◽  
Yue Huang ◽  
Zifang Qiao ◽  
Chenchen Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Process ◽  
Coordinated Control ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Particulate Pollution ◽  
Primary Particles

So far, China’s particulate pollution control is principally focused on primary particles and sulfur dioxide from coal combustion. The contribution of ammonia emissions to particulate matter with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter of less than or equal to 2.5 microns (PM2.5) has been increasingly emphasized. As a world-famous agricultural country with 523 million farmers (2017, National Bureau of Statistics of China), approximately 70.0–90.0% of China’s ammonia emissions come from agriculture. With such a huge population, agriculture industrialization (socioeconomic policies and technology upgrades to reduce ammonia emissions from fertilizers and livestock) has a large potential but is more vulnerable to costs compared to other industries. We need a solution involving both economic benefits and environmental protection. For this purpose, we sent out an anonymous questionnaire consisting of 16 questions to 420 farmers and conducted a field visit survey in a rural area of Jiangsu Province. Through statistical analysis, we found that the use of nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture, which are an important source of ammonia through volatilization, is normal (200/420 × 100% = 47.62% of farmers use such fertilizers). Among the 420 farmers surveyed, 90.71% of them have knowledge of air pollution from agricultural activities and 92.15% of them have certain understanding of agricultural industrialization policies, indicating that coordinated control of ammonia emissions can be achieved together with policy propaganda. Through factor analysis and correlation analysis, we find that the early propaganda of policies can help farmers to be more willing to accept the policies. The correlation coefficient between awareness of pollution and policy approval is 0.94, and that between policy publicity and policy approval is 0.95. Generally speaking, the promotion of policies is worth carrying out during the implementation process.

scholarly journals Bioclimatic and Regenerative Design Guidelines for a Circular University Campus in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8238
Author(s):  
Noemi Bakos ◽  
Rosa Schiano-Phan
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Regenerative Design ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Social Environmental

To transform the negative impacts of buildings on the environment into a positive footprint, a radical shift from the current, linear ‘make-use-dispose’ practice to a closed-loop ‘make-use-return’ system, associated with a circular economy, is necessary. This research aims to demonstrate the possible shift to a circular construction industry by developing the first practical framework with tangible benchmarks for a ‘Circular University Campus’ based on an exemplary case study project, which is a real project development in India. As a first step, a thorough literature review was undertaken to demonstrate the social, environmental and economic benefits of a circular construction industry. As next step, the guideline for a ‘Circular University Campus’ was developed, and its applicability tested on the case study. As final step, the evolved principles were used to establish ‘Project Specific Circular Building Indicators’ for a student residential block and enhance the proposed design through bioclimatic and regenerative design strategies. The building’s performance was evaluated through computational simulations, whole-life carbon analysis and a circular building assessment tool. The results demonstrated the benefits and feasibility of bioclimatic, regenerative building and neighbourhood design and provided practical prototypical case study and guidelines which can be adapted by architects, planners and governmental institutions to other projects, thereby enabling the shift to a restorative, circular construction industry.

Timber market actors' values on forest legislation: A case study from Colombia

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Rodríguez-Piñeros ◽  
Oscar Martínez-Cortés ◽  
Liz Villarraga-Flórez ◽  
Alejandra Ruíz-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Forest Legislation ◽  
Timber Market

Evaluating Regional Demand Models for Estimating Recreation Use and Economic Benefits: A Case Study

1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Loomis ◽  
Cindy F. Sorg ◽  
Dennis M. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Regional Demand ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
Recreation Use

Analysis of the Gyeonggi Bay Ecomuseum as a Wide-Area Ecomuseum

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-697
Author(s):  
Hanju Lee
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Resident Participation ◽  
Gyeonggi Province ◽  
Integrated Programs ◽  
Area Unit

This study aims to examine the features of the creation and operation of ecomuseums at wide-area and (metropolitan) local government levels and to analyze their improvements and limitations based on an analysis of a case study on the “Gyeonggi Bay Ecomuseum.” This study also reveals the necessity and direction for ecomuseums led by metropolitan local governments. It attempts to find ways to expand the Gyeonggi Bay Ecomuseum and apply lessons from this ecomuseum to other planned wide-area ecomuseums in South Korea. Overall, this study intends to derive the sustainability of wide-area ecomuseums, and their utility and potential as a means to revitalize the region.  The Gyeonggi Bay Ecomuseum is a meaningful case study as it was created in a wide area called the Gyeonggi Bay and was led by a metropolitan local government, along with the official claim as an ecomuseum; the museum creation project also progressed in a phased approach. However, there are issues such as organization problems of the ecomuseum and the absence of resident participation, integrated programs, and an archive center.  Therefore, this study presents measures to overcome these obstacles: the establishment of a core ecomuseum and an exhibition center, the development of joint programs, the continuous security of funds and human resources, and measures to generate economic benefits for residents. This study also suggests spatial/functional expansion from being the “Gyeonggi Bay Ecomuseum” to the “Gyeonggi Province Ecomuseum.”   Keywords: Ecomuseum, Wide-area unit, Lead of local governments, Gyeonggi Bay, Regional revitalization   

scholarly journals Simulation Model for Prediction of Timber Assortment Price Trends in Croatia - a Case Study of Brinje Forest Office

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karlo Beljan ◽  
Stjepan Posavec ◽  
Silvije Orsag ◽  
Krunoslav Teslak
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Price Trends

scholarly journals ANALISIS MANFAAT EKONOMI DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KELANCARAN PENGEMBALIAN KREDIT (STUDI KASUS PADA KOPERASI PERTANIAN SEANDANAN KABUPATEN PESAWARAN)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 462
Author(s):  
Roni Mustofa ◽  
Dyah Aring Hepiana Lestari ◽  
Muhammad Irfan Affandi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Agricultural Cooperative ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
One Year

This study aims to analyze the economic benefits, income of rice farming, allocation of credit usage and analyze the factors affecting the chances of the smoothness rate of return at Seandanan Agricultural Cooperatives. The research is conducted at Seandanan Agricultural Cooperative in Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province, which is determined intentionally.  The research data were taken in July 2019.  This study uses a case study method.  Respondents in this study are 70 rice farmers member of Seandanan Agricultural Cooperative. The data analysis method use descriptive qualitative and quantitative analyses. The results showed that the economic benefits received by members of cooperative in one year is IDR1,711,312.47 and in high category. The average income of rice farming received by members of the Seandanan Agricultural Cooperative in one year has been classified as high, in the amount over cash costs and over total costs, respectively, of IDR17,308,552.78 and IDR16,416,268.56.  Allocation of credit of cooperative membersconsistd of 58.85% for productive activities and the rest, 41.15% for consumptive activities.  Factors that affect the chances of the smoothness rate of credit return by rice farmers members of Seandanan Agricultural Cooperative are the education level of farmers and the allocation of productive credit usage.Key words: agricultural cooperatives, consumptive, credit, and productive

scholarly journals Investigating and boosting walkability in Sulaimani’s mixed-use streets: Jamal Irfan street as a case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariwan Jamal ◽  
Wanawsha Khasraw ◽  
Shaey Khabat ◽  
Rozhen K. Mohammed-Amin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Transit Use ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
The City

Walkable cities, neighborhoods, and streets promote good health. A growing number of research show compelling evidence about the positive impacts of walkable neighborhoods and streets on everything from real-estate values to health, mental well-being, crime rate, safety feeling, creativity, and even making cities more democratic. Walkability has health, environmental, and economic benefits. For example, several studies found that people in walkable neighborhoods have a higher amount of physical activity and were substantially less likely to be overweight or obese than those living in low-walkable neighborhoods. Walkable neighborhoods and streets incorporate features that promote regular walking, cycling and public transit use. While the city of Sulaimani in general suffers from lack of walkable neighborhoods and streets, due to many factors including incomplete streets, some of the city’s neighborhoods and streets have potential for becoming effective walkable neighborhoods and streets. The recent mixed use developments and re-developments in some of the areas and streets in the city have attracted a large number of people and increased the necessity of making those areas and streets more pedestrian-friendly and walkable. This research aims at investigating walkability characters in Sulaimani city’s recently developed mixed-use streets through closely examining a representing case study, Jamal Irfan street. The research then proposes strategies, guidelines, and urban design interventions that make those streets more pedestrian friendly according to urban design standards.

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