scholarly journals Responses of Swamp Cypress (Taxodium distichum) and Chinese Willow (Salix matsudana) Roots to Periodic Submergence in Mega-Reservoir: Changes in Organic Acid Concentration

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Xinrui He ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Kejun Wu ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Yuancai Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Base Diameter ◽  
Salix Matsudana ◽  
Winter Flooding

Organic acids are critical as secondary metabolites for plant adaption in a stressful situation. Oxalic acid, tartaric acid, and malic acid can improve plant tolerance under waterlogged conditions. Two prominent woody species (Taxodium distichum-Swamp cypress and Salix matsudana-Chinese willow) have been experiencing long-term winter submergence and summer drought in the Three Gorges Reservoir. The objectives of the present study were to explore the responses of the roots of two woody species during flooding as reflected by root tissue concentrations of organic acids. Potted sample plants were randomly divided into three treatment groups: control, moderate submergence, and deep submergence. The concentrations of oxalic acid, tartaric acid, and malic acid in the main root and lateral roots of the two species were determined at four stages. The results showed that T. distichum and S. matsudana adapted well to the water regimes of the reservoir, with a survival rate of 100% during the experiment period. After experiencing a cycle of submergence and emergence, the height and base diameter of the two species showed increasing trends. Changes in base diameter showed insignificant differences between submergence treatments, and only height was significant under deep submergence. The concentrations of three organic acids in the roots of two species were influenced by winter submergence. After emergence in spring, two species could adjust their organic acid metabolisms to the normal level. Among three organic acids, tartaric acid showed the most sensitive response to water submergence, which deserved more studies in the future. The exotic species, T. distichum, had a more stable metabolism of organic acids to winter flooding. However, the native species, S. matsudana, responded more actively to long-term winter flooding. Both species can be considered in vegetation restoration, but it needs more observations for planting around 165 m above sea level, where winter submergence is more than 200 days.

scholarly journals Separation and Determination of Some Organic Acids in Dry Calyces of Iraqi Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-349
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Limit Of Detection

A new reversed phase- high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method with Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometry has been optimized and validated for the simultaneous extraction and determination of organic acids present in Iraqi calyces of Hibiscus Sabdraffia Linn. The method is based on using ultrasonic bath for extracting organic acids. Limit of detection in µg/ml of Formic acid, Acetic acid, Oxalic acid, Citric acid, Succinic acid, Tartaric acid, and Malic acid 126.8498×10-6, 113.6005×10-6, 97.0513×10-6, 49.7925×10-6, 84.0753×10-6, 92.6551×10-6, and 106.1633×10-6 ,respectively. The concentration of organic acids found in dry spacemen of calyces of Iraqi Hibiscus Sabdraffia Linn. under study: Formic acid, Acetic acid, Oxalic acid, Citric acid, Succinic acid, Tartaric acid, and Malic acid are 114.896 µg/g, 64.722 µg/g, 342.508 µg/g, 126.902 µg/g, 449.91 µg/g, 268.52 µg/g, and 254.07 µg/g respectively.

scholarly journals Sugars, organic acids, minerals and lipids in jabuticaba

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 540-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annete de Jesus Boari Lima ◽  
Angelita Duarte Corrêa ◽  
Ana Maria Dantas-Barros ◽  
David Lee Nelson ◽  
Ana Carolina Lourenço Amorim
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Mineral Compositions

The aim of this work was to determine the sugar, organic acid and mineral compositions of the whole fruit and fractions (skin, pulp and seed) of the Paulista (Plinia cauliflora) and Sabará (Plinia jaboticaba) jabuticaba tree genotypes, as well as the oil compositions of their skin and seeds. High levels of sugar, especially fructose, followed by glucose and sucrose, were encountered in the fruit. In the Paulista genotype, higher levels of total and reducing sugars were found in the pulp and skin, which was not observed when comparing the whole fruit of both genotypes. Five organic acids were found in the whole fruit and in the fractions of the two jabuticaba genotypes in quantitative order: citric acid > succinic acid > malic acid > oxalic acid > acetic acid. Potassium was the most abundant mineral found. This fruit was also shown to be rich in magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and copper. The seed oil had nearly the same constitution as the oil extracted from the skin in both genotypes and the major compounds were an unidentified phytosterol, palmitic, linoleic and oleic acids, and squalene.

scholarly journals Особенности состава органических кислот винограда и коньячных виноматериалов

2019 ◽  
pp. 363-367
Author(s):  
Olga Chursina ◽  
Victor Zagorouiko ◽  
Ludmila Legasheva ◽  
Alina Martynovskaya ◽  
Elena Udod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Higher Alcohols ◽  
Grape Varieties

Представлены результаты исследований состава органических кислот интродуцированных, селекционных и аборигенных сортов винограда и виноматериалов для коньячного производства. Показано, что селекционные сорта винограда Первенец Магарача и Рислинг Магарача, а также интродуцированные сорта Коломбар, Совиньон зеленый, Ркацители при достижении технической зрелости способны накапливать высокий уровень содержания органических кислот, который зависит от климатических условий года и зоны произрастания винограда. Наиболее высокая доля винной кислоты отмечена в образцах винограда сортов Коломбар, Ркацители и Первенец Магарача, а наиболее низкая - в сорте винограда Совиньон зеленый, в составе органических кислот которого превалировала яблочная кислота. В сорте винограда Шабаш, отличающегося низкими значениями содержания титруемых кислот, отмечено минимальное значение суммарной доли винной и яблочной кислот. Анализ компонентов ароматобразующего комплекса коньячных виноматериалов из винограда, достигшего технической зрелости, выявил тесную обратную зависимость между показателями массовой концентрации титруемых кислот в винограде и суммы летучих компонентов виноматериалов, в том числе летучих кислот и высших спиртов. Установленные закономерности позволят регулировать содержание высших спиртов в коньячных дистиллятах с целью улучшения их качества.The organic acid composition of fruits and wine materials for brandy production was studied in European, newly-bred and autochthonous grape varieties. On attaining industrial ripeness, the newly-bred varieties ‘Pervenets Magaracha’ and ‘Riesling Magaracha’ as well as the introduced varieties ‘Colombar’, ‘Sauvignon vert’ and ‘Rkatsiteli’ accumulated high levels of organic acids depending on the climatic conditions of the year and the growing area. The highest proportion of tartaric acid was found in ‘Colombar’, ‘Rkatsiteli’ and ‘Pervenets Magaracha’ grapes while fruits of ‘Sauvignon vert’ had the lowest proportion of this component, with malic acid as its prevailing organic acid. The lowest summated proportion of total tartaric and malic acids was recorded in fruits of ‘Shabash’, the variety known for its low titratable acidity. Analysis of components of the aroma-forming complex of brandy wine materials derived from the study grapes at industrial ripeness revealed a close reverse interrelationship between titratable acidity of the study grapes and the sum of volatile components of the wine materials, including volatile acids and higher alcohols. The established regularities will make it possible to control levels of higher alcohols in brandy distillates to improve their quality.

scholarly journals Characterization of Aerosol Composition, Aerosol Acidity and Organic Acid Partitioning at an Agriculture-Intensive Rural Southeastern U.S. Site

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora Nah ◽  
Hongyu Guo ◽  
Amy P. Sullivan ◽  
Yunle Chen ◽  
David J. Tanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molar Concentration ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Phase Water ◽  
Acetic Acids

Abstract. The implementation of stringent emission regulations has resulted in the decline of anthropogenic pollutants including sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO). In contrast, ammonia (NH3) emissions are largely unregulated, with emissions projected to increase in the future. We present real-time aerosol and gas measurements from a field study conducted in an agricultural-intensive region in the southeastern U.S. during the fall of 2016 to investigate how NH3 affects particle acidity and SOA formation via the gas-particle partitioning of semi-volatile organic acids. Particle water and pH were determined using the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic model and validated by comparing predicted inorganic HNO3-NO3− and NH3-NH4+ gas-particle partitioning ratios with measured values. Our results showed that despite the high NH3 concentrations (study average 8.1 ± 5.2 ppb), PM1 were highly acidic with pH values ranging from 0.9 to 3.8, and a study-averaged pH of 2.2 ± 0.6. PM1 pH varied by approximately 1.4 units diurnally. Formic and acetic acids were the most abundant gas-phase organic acids, and oxalate was the most abundant particle-phase water-soluble organic acid anion. Measured particle-phase water-soluble organic acids were on average 6 % of the total non-refractory PM1 organic aerosol mass. The measured molar fraction of oxalic acid in the particle phase (i.e., particle-phase oxalic acid molar concentration divided by the total oxalic acid molar concentration) ranged between 47 and 90 % for PM1 pH 1.2 to 3.4. The measured oxalic acid gas-particle partitioning ratios were in good agreement with their corresponding thermodynamic predictions, calculated based on oxalic acid’s physicochemical properties, ambient temperature, particle water and pH. In contrast, gas-particle partitioning of formic and acetic acids were not well predicted for reasons currently unknown. For this study, higher NH3 concentrations relative to what has been measured in the region in previous studies had minor effects on PM1 organic acids and their influence on the overall organic aerosol and PM1 mass concentrations.

scholarly journals BX795-Organic Acid Coevaporates: Evaluation of Solid-State Characteristics, In Vitro Cytocompatibility and In Vitro Activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1920
Author(s):  
Yogesh Sutar ◽  
Tejabhiram Yadavalli ◽  
Sagar Kumar Paul ◽  
Sudipta Mallick ◽  
Raghuram Koganti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Amorphous Systems ◽  
Amorphous System ◽  
Hsv 1

BX795 is a TANK binding kinase-1 inhibitor that has shown excellent therapeutic activity in murine models of genital and ocular herpes infections on topical delivery. Currently, only the BX795 free base and its hydrochloride salt are available commercially. Here, we evaluate the ability of various organic acids suitable for vaginal and/or ocular delivery to form BX795 salts/cocrystals/co-amorphous systems with the aim of facilitating pharmaceutical development of BX795. We characterized BX795-organic acid coevaporates using powder X-ray diffractometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to elucidate the interaction between BX795 and various organic acids such as taurine, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid. Furthermore, using human corneal epithelial cells and HeLa cells, we evaluated BX795-organic acid coevaporates for in vitro cytocompatibility and in vitro antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus-type 1 (HSV-1) and type-2 (HSV-2). Our studies indicate that BX795 forms co-amorphous systems with tartaric acid and citric acid. Interestingly, the association of organic acids with BX795 improved its thermal stability. Our in vitro cytocompatibility and in vitro antiviral studies to screen suitable BX795-organic acid coevaporates for further development show that all BX795-organic acid systems, at a concentration equivalent to 10 µM BX795, retained antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2 but showed differential cytocompatibility. Further, dose-dependent in vitro cytocompatibility and antiviral activity studies on the BX795-fumaric acid system, BX795-tartaric acid co-amorphous system, and BX795-citric acid co-amorphous system show similar antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2 compared to BX795, whereas only the BX795-citric acid co-amorphous system showed higher in vitro cytocompatibility compared to BX795.

scholarly journals Influence des teneurs en acide malique des moûts sur le dosage de l'acide tartrique par analyse en flux continu par colorimétrie avec le métavanadate

OENO One ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
J. Trossais ◽  
Christian Asselin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flow Method ◽  
Continous Flow ◽  
Continuous Flow Method ◽  
Acid Determination

<p style="text-align: justify;">Les auteurs ont constaté que la méthode en flux continu, qu'ils utilisent pour doser l'acide tartrique dans les moûts et les vins basée sur la réaction colorée avec le métavanadate et dérivée de la méthode rapide de BLOUIN-VIDAL ne donne pas satisfaction, Ils constatent des écarts inférieurs à 20 p. 100 par rapport à la méthode de REBELEIN qui repose sur le même principe. Ces écarts sont dûs à l'interférence des autres acides organiques du moût et du vin, notamment l'acide malique, interférence corrigée dans la méthode de REBELEIN. La comparaison des trois méthodes précitées les conduit à proposer pour la méthode en flux continu l'application d'un facteur correctif pour tenir compte de la présence de l'acide malique en concentration importante dans les moûts du Val de Loire.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">+++</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The authors noted that the continuous flow method based on the colorimetric method with metavanadate, derived from the method of BLOUIN-VIDAL, for the tartaric acid determination was not satisfactory. They noted variations, by 20 p. 100 lower, compared with the method of REBELEIN based on the same principe. These variations are due to the interference with the other organic acids of musts and wines, especially malic acid, which is limited in the method of REBELEIN. The comparison of the three methods induce the authors to propose for the continous flow method the utilisation of a factor to correct for the presence of malic acid at large concentration in the musts of Val de Loire.</p>

scholarly journals Biochemical and Production of Rhubarb Under Growing Technological Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 2000-2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Cojocaru ◽  
Neculai Munteanu ◽  
Brindusa Alina Petre ◽  
Teodor Stan ◽  
Gabriel Ciprian Teliban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Technological Factors ◽  
Macro Elements ◽  
Micro Elements

The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of two varieties of rhubarb (Glanskin�s Perpetual and De Moldova) and two densities, 10.000 and 13.300 pl/ha on the content of macro (K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe and S), micro�elements (Al, Si and Mn), organic acids (tartaric, oxalic, citric, malic and ascorbic) and total production. The content of oxalic acid in the four versions ranged from 2.3 mg/mL juice in the case of Glanskin�s perpetual cultivation, with the density of 13.300 pl/ha at 3.8 mg/mL in the case of the Moldova variety at the same density. The content of tartaric acid varied in wide limits from 1.75 mg/mL juice to 6.5 mg/mL juice. The content of macro-elements varied within wide limits, the report being: Fe ] K ] Mg ]S ] P ] Ca. The largest production was obtained at the variety De Moldova with density of 13.300 pl/ha.

Effects and Mechanism of Organic Acids on Aluminum Availability of Dark Brown Forest Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 709-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Xing Cui ◽  
Jin Feng Song ◽  
Ya Fen Guo ◽  
Jin Zhong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Organic Salt ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
Organic Salts ◽  
Complexation Reactions

The effects and mechanism of different concentration organic acids and organic salts solution on Al availability of dark brown forest soil were studied. It was resulted that, oxalic acid/oxalate and citric acid/citrate substantially stimulated soil Al release of dark brown forest soil. The effect of organic acids/salts on Al release would be strengthen with increasing of their concentrations.The contents of Al released from A1 horizon was higher than that from B horizon. Organic salt solutions had much higher effects than organic acid the same in concentration, i.e. citrate>citric acid, oxalate>oxalic acid. Therefore, the mechanism of organic acid/salts triggering release of soil Al was assumed to be dominated by complexation reactions of organic anions. Citric acid/ citrate had much higher effect than oxalic acid/ oxalate at same concentration to A1 and B horizons, i.e. citrate> oxalate, citric acid>oxalic acid, which was primarily related with the greater complexing capacities and dissociation constants of citric acid.

Effects of EDTA and Organic Acids on Cd Desorption from Zhangshi Irrigation Area Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 1566-1569
Author(s):  
Hui Zhou ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Miao Liu ◽  
Shi Liang Li ◽  
Qian Qian Li
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Shenyang City

The effects of the added EDTA and organic acids (oxalic acid, tartaric acid and acetic acid) on Cd desorption of Zhangshi Irrigation Area (ZIR)contaminated soil of Shenyang city was investigated by batch balance experiments, in which the concentrations of acids, pH and temperature were examined. The results showed that EDTA, oxalic acid, tartaric acid and acetic acid modified the desorption behaviors of Cd. And the desorption level was EDTA>tartaric acid >oxalic acid >acetic acid. Also, the desorption amount of Cd increased with the concentration ranges from 5 to 40mmol/L; the desorbed amount obviously reduced with elevating pH when the pH was below 6; the adsorption was facilitated and the desorption was weakened when the pH was above 6. In addition, the Cd desorption amount raised with the temperature increasing.

scholarly journals Organic Acid Profile of “Batuan” (Garcinia binucao [Blco] Choisy) Fruit

2017 ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Quevedo ◽  
Erlinda Dizon ◽  
Florinia Merca
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Organic Acid Profile

“Batuan” fruit (Garcinia binucao [Blco.] Choisy), an indigenous acidulant grown in the Visayas State University, Baybay City, Leyte was analyzed for its organic acid profile at different stages of maturity for the development of potential food and non-food products. The analysis of organic acid content was done using Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Organic acids in the dried, powdered “batuan” fruit samples were extracted with the mobile phase (50mM KH2PO4/ H3PO4, pH2.8). The sample extracts and organic acid standards (oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, and succinic acid) were injected to RP-HPLC under isocratic elution with the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0mL min-1 and using UV-vis detection at 210nm. “Batuan” fruit samples contain oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, and a few unidentified organic acids. Among the organic acids present, citric acid accumulated the highest in the ripe “batuan” fruit; fumaric acid, the least. Results of this study show that “batuan” fruit could be a good natural source of acidulant for food and non-food applications.

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