scholarly journals Rebuilding Tree Cover in Deforested Cocoa Landscapes in Côte d’Ivoire: Factors Affecting the Choice of Species Planted

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Alain R. Atangana ◽  
Juvenal Zahoui Gnangoh ◽  
Allegra Kouassi Yao ◽  
Thomas d’Aquin Kouakou ◽  
Anatole Mian Ndri Nda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Expected Benefits

Intensive cocoa production in Côte d’Ivoire, the world’s leading cocoa producer, has grown at the expense of forest cover. To reverse this trend, the country has adopted a “zero deforestation” agricultural policy and committed to rehabilitating its forest cover through the planting of high-value tree species in cocoa landscapes using a participatory approach. However, little is known regarding the factors influencing farmers’ introduction of high-value tree species to cocoa landscapes. We tested the hypothesis that ten previously reported factors to influence agroforestry system adoption to predict the number and choice of tree species that farmers introduce to cocoa farms. We interviewed 683 households in the cocoa-producing zone of Côte d’Ivoire and counted tree species on their cocoa farms. On average, two tree species were recorded per surveyed farm. Generalized Poisson regression models revealed that, in the cocoa production area, experience in tree planting and expected benefits, including income and food, influence tree species introduction through planting or “retention” when clearing land for cocoa establishment. The age of the farmer also influenced (p = 0.017) farmers’ tree species planting on cocoa farms. Fewer tree species were introduced into current intensive cocoa-production areas than in “old cocoa-loops” and forested areas. The number of tree species introduced to cocoa farms increased with expected benefits and experience in tree planting. The number of planted tree species also increased with farmers’ age. Tree species were mostly selected for the provision of shade to cocoa, production of useful tree products (38%), and income from the sale of these products (7%). Fruit tree species were the most planted, while timber tree species were mostly spared when clearing land for cocoa production.

Profile of migrants for cocoa production and agronomic characteristics of cocoa farms in Western Côte d'Ivoire

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 051-062
Author(s):  
Kpangui Kouassi Bruno ◽  
Sangne Yao Charles ◽  
Kouakou Kouassi Apollinaire ◽  
Koua Kadio Attey Noël ◽  
Koffi N'Guessan Achille
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
The West ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Migrant Farmers ◽  
Cocoa Farmers

The mountainous relief of the West of Côte d'Ivoire and the large savannahs next to forests didn’t make this zone very excellent for cocoa production. However, for the last decade, an important influx of farming population has been observed in this area. The objective of this study is to analyze the dynamics of the settlement of migrant farmers in the West region of Côte d’Ivoire, using the department of Biankouma as a case of study. So, individual surveys were conducted among 203 cocoa farmers from 15 villages in the department of Biankouma, who had migrated to this region, It was found that the majority of these farmers are natives of Côte d'Ivoire (38.3%) and non-natives (33.5%) from countries in the West Africa region. The migratory flow to this region is mainly internal, with 95.6% of farmers coming from 11 Districts and 55 localities in the country. While initially (i.e., before 1985), farmers came from towns near Duékoué (11.8%), these waves of movement from towns in neighboring districts (Bas-Sassandra and Sassandra-Marahoué) to the Western Region will experience their highest rates between 2002 and 2013. Observations drawn from our research findings support the hypothesis that the political-military crisis that the country has experienced has accentuated migratory flows of farmers for cocoa production in western Côte d'Ivoire and these migratory flows could be the cause of the degradation of forest cover in the Biankouma Department.

scholarly journals Microbial Diversity and Metabolite Profiles of Palm Wine Produced From Three Different Palm Tree Species in Côte d’Ivoire

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore N. Djeni ◽  
Karen H. Kouame ◽  
Francine D. M. Ake ◽  
Laurent S. T. Amoikon ◽  
Marcellin K. Dje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Palm Wine ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Metabolite Profiles

scholarly journals Le couvert forestier en Côte d’Ivoire : une analyse critique de la situation de gestion des forêts (classées, parcs et réserves)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 4387-4397
Author(s):  
Traore Kassoum
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Mots Clés ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
South West ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Wood Energy ◽  
Mesures Correctives ◽  
Extensive Agriculture

Preserving the forest is a "vital" action for maintaining the climate balance and promoting eco-tourism. The history mentions that the Ivorian forests played an important role in the dynamics of the development of the country because they sheltered a great diversity floristic and wildlife. Unfortunately, from 16 million hectares at the beginning of the last century (1900), the dense rainforest increased to 9 million hectares in 1965 and 3 million hectares in 1991. Today, it is estimated at about 2.5 million hectares. This situation is attributable to extensive agriculture based on the technique of shifting cultivation, the overexploitation of the forest with timber and wood energy and bush fires. Moreover, the phenomenon of forest infiltration with regard to the occupation or colonization of forest areas, particularly in the south-west of the country by migrants to build houses and / or villages, is an important factor in the disappearance of the forest. Also, successive crises that the country has experienced since 1999 until 2010 (post-election), with periods of tension, have led to mass displacements of populations. This regrouping of the populations in turn caused the clearing of the forest areas for their relocation. Thus, from the analysis of the situation of forest pressure in Côte d'Ivoire, the Ministry in charge of the management of the Ivorian forest cover indicates that the accelerated rate of destruction of Ivorian forests has today reached an estimated average of 450,000 hectares a year. The forest situation is catastrophic, if corrective measures are not taken and put into effect, the forest cover is supposed to disappear around 2040. The present work attempts to contribute to the level of reflection undertaken to improve the management of the sector. Résumé: Préserver la forêt est une action « vitale » pour le maintien de l’équilibre climatique et la promotion de l’éco-tourisme. L’histoire mentionne que les forêts ivoiriennes ont joué un rôle important dans la dynamique du développement du pays car elles abritaient une grande diversité floristique et faunique. Malheureusement, de 16 millions d’hectares au début du siècle dernier (année 1900), la forêt dense humide est passée à 9 millions d’hectares en 1965 et à 3 millions d’hectares en 1991. Aujourd’hui, elle est estimée à environ 2,5 millions d’hectares. Cette situation est imputable à l’agriculture extensive basée sur la technique des cultures itinérantes sur brûlis, la surexploitation de la forêt en bois d’œuvre et bois énergie et les feux de brousse. Par ailleurs, le phénomène de l’infiltration des forêts au regard de l’occupation ou la colonisation des zones forestières notamment du Sud-Ouest du pays par des migrants pour bâtir les habitations et/ou des villages est un facteur important de la disparition du couvert forestier.Egalement, les crises successives qu’a connues le pays depuis 1999 jusqu’en 2010 (post-électorale), populations. Ce regroupement des populations à son tour, a occasionné le défrichement des zones forestières pour leur relocalisation. Ainsi, de l’analyse de la situation des pressions sur les forêts en Côte d’Ivoire, le ministère en charge de la gestion du couvert forestier ivoirien indique que le rythme accéléré de destruction des forêts ivoiriennes a atteint de nos jours une moyenne estimée à 450.000 hectares par an. La situation des forêts est catastrophique, si des mesures correctives ne sont pas entreprises et mises en vigueur, le couvert forestier doit en principe disparaitre vers 2040. Le présent travail tente d’apporter sa contribution au niveau des réflexions engagées pour améliorer la gestion du secteur. Mots clés : forêts classées, parcs et réserves, gestion du couvert forestier, Côte d’Ivoire

scholarly journals Bionomics and Importance of an Emerging Pest Pseudotheraptus devastans (Distant) (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in the Cocoa Orchards of Côte d'Ivoire

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-121
Author(s):  
Norbert N’Dri Kouamé ◽  
François Kouamé N’Guessan ◽  
Pierre Walet N’Guessan ◽  
Alain Jacques Acka Kotaix ◽  
Yao Tano
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Cocoa Tree

The cocoa tree is a very important plant in Côte d'Ivoire (formerly known as Ivory Coast) with a production of 2,15 million  tons. In spite of this performance, cocoa production is attacked by several pests of which the emerging ones are Pseudotheraptus devastans (Distant). These insects  attack  cherelles,  pods, gourmands and young shoots. This study aims to locate these pests and determine their importance in the different cocoa production areas. The device used is total  randomization. The leaching carried out in the orchard revealed the presence of P.devastans in all the cocoa producing districts. The means were 0,02 ± 0,00 to 2,35 ± 0,38 P. devastans  / tree.  The  districts of Sassandra-Marahoué, Comoé and Montagnes recorded  more  P.devastans.  However, the districts of Bas-Sassandra, Lagunes et Lacs had fewer P.devastans.

Cocoa Production Output Response to Smallholder Price Speculation: Case Study of Cote d’Ivoire and Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-364
Author(s):  
Coulibaly Kigbajah Salifou ◽  
Cao Erbao ◽  
Amadou Maiga Ousseini ◽  
T. Metuge Mekongcho
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Output Response ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Production Output

scholarly journals A Living Income for Cocoa Producers in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiska A. van Vliet ◽  
Maja A. Slingerland ◽  
Yuca R. Waarts ◽  
Ken E. Giller
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Gross Income

It is often claimed that cocoa producers are poor, but the extent of their poverty is rarely defined. We analyzed six data sets derived from household questionnaires of 385–88,896 cocoa producers in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana. Across all data sets, many households (30–58%) earn a gross income below the World Bank extreme poverty line and the majority (73–90%) do not earn a Living Income. Households with less income per person per day generally achieve lower cocoa yields, consist of more household members, have a smaller land size available, and rely more on cocoa income than households with higher incomes. When comparing the effects of increasing prices and yields on gross income, yield increases lead to larger benefits especially for the poorest households. Doubling the cocoa price would leave 15–25% of households with a gross income below the extreme poverty line and 53–65% below the Living Income benchmark. At yields of 600 kg/ha, against current yields around 300 kg/ha, these percentages are reduced to 7–11 and 48–62%, respectively, while at yields of 1,500 kg/ha only 1–2% of households remain below the extreme poverty line and 13–20% below the Living Income benchmark. If we assume that the production costs of achieving a yield of 1,500 kg/ha are 30% of revenue, still only 2–4% of households earn a net income below the extreme poverty line and 25–32% below the Living Income benchmark. Whilst sustainable intensification of cocoa production is undoubtedly a strong approach to increase cocoa yields and farmer incomes, achieving this does not come without pitfalls. The poorer households face multiple barriers to invest in cocoa production. A better understanding of cocoa producing households and the resources available to them, as well as the opportunity for alternative income generation, is required to tailor options to increase their income. The utility and interpretability of future household surveys would be drastically improved if definitions and variables addressed were approached in a standardized way.

scholarly journals Social Cohesion as the Missing Link between Natural Resource Management and Peacebuilding: Lessons from Cocoa Production in Côte d’Ivoire and Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13002
Author(s):  
Katharina Löhr ◽  
Bujar Aruqaj ◽  
Daniel Baumert ◽  
Michelle Bonatti ◽  
Michael Brüntrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Cocoa Production

Social cohesion plays a key role in processes of peacebuilding and sustainable development. Fostering social cohesion might present a potential to enhance the connection of natural resource management and peacebuilding and better functioning of sustainable land use systems. This contribution explores the nexus between social cohesion, natural resource management, and peacebuilding. We do so by (1) reviewing literature on the three concepts and (2) studying four different key action areas in the context of sustainable cocoa production for their potential to enhance social cohesion, namely (a) agroforestry; (b) cooperatives; (c) certification schemes; and (d) trade policies. Research is based on experience from cocoa production in two post-conflict countries, Côte d’Ivoire and Colombia. Our findings show that by fostering environmentally sustainable agricultural practices, these key action areas have a clear potential to foster social cohesion among cocoa producers and thus provide a valuable contribution to post-conflict peacebuilding in both countries. However, the actual effects strongly depend on a multitude of local factors which need to be carefully taken into consideration. Further, the focus in implementation of some of these approaches tends to be on increasing agricultural productivity and not directly on fostering cocoa farmers’ wellbeing and societal relations, and hence a shift toward social objectives is needed in order to strengthen these approaches as a part of overall peacebuilding strategies.

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