scholarly journals Wood Ash Application Reduces Bryophyte Cover and Changes Species Composition in a Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Plantation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Ditte Ethelberg-Findsen ◽  
Regin Rønn ◽  
Flemming Ekelund
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Dicranum Scoparium

Return of wood ash from power plants to plantations makes it possible to recycle nutrients, counteract acidification, and to reduce economically costly waste deposition of the wood ash. However, current legislation restricts the amount of wood ash that can be applied and it is desirable to increase the allowed application dose, if possible, without negative effects on the plantation ecosystems. Here, we applied wood ash in levels corresponding to 0, 3, 9, 15, 30, and 90 t ash ha−1 and monitored the effect of the different ash doses on bryophytes in a Norway spruce (Picea abies) plantation with a dense bryophyte cover dominated by Hypnum jutlandicum, Dicranum scoparium, and Pleurozium schreberi. We used two complementary methods, image analysis, and pinpoint registration during a three-year period. To our knowledge, we are the first to apply this combined effort, which provides a much more exhaustive description of the effects than the use of each method separately. Moreover, the inclusion of a wide range of different wood ash levels enabled us to establish detailed dose-response relationships, which previous authors have not presented. The bryophyte cover decreased with increasing ash level with concomitant changes in species composition. At ash doses above the currently allowed 3 t ha−1, the ash significantly reduced the bryophyte cover, which only re-established very slowly. With increasing wood ash dose, the dominating species changed to Brachythecium rutabulum, Ceratodon purpureus, and Funaria hygrometrica. We conclude that application of more wood ash in spruce plantations than currently allowed will reduce total cover of bryophytes and cause a pronounced change in bryophyte species composition. These changes will in particular harm bryophyte species with specific environmental requirements and generally impair the bryophyte cover as habitat for invertebrates and its economic value for moss harvesting.

scholarly journals THE ELECTROFILTER ASH OF GACKO THERMAL POWER PLANT AS TECHNOGENIC RAW MATERIAL AND THE IMPACT OF ASH WASTE PILEON THE ENVIRONMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Crnogorac ◽  
Boško Vuković
Keyword(s):  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

During the working of thermal power plants, due to technological process of coal combustion, wastematter, which takes up large areas of land, degrades and pollutes the environment, is created. In the lastyears, a significant progress has been made in the world in researching new technologies thatimplement technogenic materials which have wide range of optimal economic use.An example for thisis electrofilterash which is, as technogenic raw material,largly and more often used in building industry.This resulted in decreasing negative effects of ash which was deposited considerably on ash waste piles.The use of ash for different industry purposes decreases the costs, increases a company's profitandremoves the negative effects on the environment and human health.

scholarly journals Low Water Availability Increases Necrosis in Picea abies after Artificial Inoculation with Fungal Root Rot Pathogens Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eeva Terhonen ◽  
Gitta Langer ◽  
Johanna Bußkamp ◽  
David Rӑscuţoi ◽  
Kathrin Blumenstein
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
High Water ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Water Group ◽  
Horizontal Length

Research Highlights: Dedicated experiments to investigate how disturbances will affect Heterobasidion sp.—Norway spruce pathosystems are important, in order to develop different strategies to limit the spread of Heterobasidion annosum s.l. under the predicted climate change. Here, we report on a greenhouse experiment to evaluate the effects of water availability on the infection severity of Heterobasidion parviporum or Heterobasidion annosum, respectively, on Picea abies saplings. Background and Objectives: Changes in climatic conditions and intense logging will continue to promote H. annosum s.l. in conifer forests, increasing annual economic losses. Thus, our aim was to test if disease severity in Norway spruce was greater after infection with H. parviporum or H. annosum in low water availability conditions, compared to seedlings with high water availability. Materials and Methods: We performed inoculation studies of three-year-old saplings in a greenhouse. Saplings were treated as high (+) or low (−) water groups: High water group received double the water amount than the low water group. The necrosis observed after pathogen inoculation was measured and analyzed. Results: The seedling growth was negatively influenced in the lower water group. In addition, the water availability enhanced the necrosis length of H. parviporum in phloem and sapwood (vertical length) in the low water group. H. annosum benefited only in horizontal length in the phloem. Conclusions: Disturbances related to water availability, especially low water conditions, can have negative effects on the tree host and benefit the infection ability of the pathogens in the host.

scholarly journals Effect of High Concentrations of Wood Ash on Soil Properties and Development of Young Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9479
Author(s):  
Baiba Jansone ◽  
Valters Samariks ◽  
Modris Okmanis ◽  
Dārta Kļaviņa ◽  
Dagnija Lazdiņa
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
High Doses ◽  
One Year

Wood ash recycling can be a reasonable method for energy producers to decrease waste problems. Using wood ash as a fertilizer or liming material could improve soil macro and micronutrient content in peat soils. Therefore, the effect of wood ash on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) juvenile growth and nutrient content in the soil after spreading wood ash in medium to high doses before and after planting seedlings was investigated in peat forests in the Eastern part of Latvia. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of high doses of wood ash on soil properties and the growth of planted Norway spruce and Scots pine seedlings up to 10 years after experiment establishment. Wood ash was applied a year before planting seedlings in doses of 5 and 10 t ha−1 and right after planting in concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20 t ha−1. Changes in macronutrient content (i.e., phosphorus [P], and potassium [K]) and tree height and diameter at breast height were measured at one and 10 years after establishing the experiment. Fertilization one year prior to planting the seedlings exhibited a positive response on tree height and diameter growth compared to fertilization after the seedlings were planted. Soil samples from fertilized plots one year after establishment contained more P and K in the soil than the control plots. Wood ash application of the highest doses did not reach the overdose limit, as the tree growth (height and diameter at breast height) results of fertilized plots were similar to those of the control fields; therefore, no significant negative effect on tree growth was discovered.

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