scholarly journals Perception of the Harvester Operator’s Working Environment in Windthrow Stands

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Szewczyk ◽  
Raffaele Spinelli ◽  
Natascia Magagnotti ◽  
Bartosz Mitka ◽  
Paweł Tylek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Workload ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Movement Variability ◽  
Tracking Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Successive Operation

The aim of the study was to determine the mental workload of a harvester operator when working in late thinning and in windthrown stands of the same type and age, using eye movement patterns as an indicator. Eyeball movement variability was analysed using the eye tracking method. The mean duration of eyesight fixations in windthrown stands was shorter than in the control undamaged stands by about 20% (444 ms and 534 ms, respectively). The mean time of eyesight movements (saccades) in the windthrown stands was shorter than in the control undamaged stands by approx. 15%. The largest differences between the duration of saccades in the windthrown and control stands were observed between the cutting of trees and cutting logs off their root plates: the saccades were longer by about 20% when working in the control stands (49 ms) as compared to the windthrown stands (43 ms). Large differences in the duration of saccades between the windthrown area (42 ms) and the control area (47 ms) were also found when travelling between successive operation sites. In both types of stands, the shortest saccades were observed during processing: 39 ms. Summary durations of saccades observed during the processing of successive trees occurred in sequences showing repeated periods of variable eyeball activity, where longer saccades were followed by shorter ones. Documented more variability of eyesight activities of the harvester operator performing the operations of processing and moving is new standard of eye balls activities for the more taxing work conditions presented by windthrown stands.

Intraindividual Movement Variability Within the 5 m Water Polo Shot

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Taylor ◽  
Raul Landeo ◽  
Jennifer Coogan
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Linear Velocity ◽  
Movement Variability ◽  
Water Polo ◽  
Ball Release ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Release Height ◽  
And Control

The purpose of this study was to explore movement variability of throwing arm and ball release parameters during the water polo shot and to compare variability between successful (hit) and unsuccessful (miss) outcomes. Seven injury free, subelite, females completed 10 trials of the 5 m water polo penalty shot. Intraindividual coefficient of variation percentage (CV%) values were calculated for elbow and wrist angular displacement, wrist linear velocity and ball release parameters (height, angle and velocity). Coordination variability (elbow/wrist angular displacement) was calculated as the CV% of the mean cross-correlation coefficient. Elbow and wrist displacement variability decreased to 80% of throwing time then increased toward release. Wrist linear velocity variability reduced toward release. Individual CV% values ranged between 1.6% and 23.5% (all trials), 0.4% and 20.6% (hit), and 0.4% and 27.1% (miss). Ball release height and velocity variability were low (< 12%; all trials) whereas release angle variability was high (>27%; all trials). Cross-correlation results were inconclusive. Roles of the elbow and wrist in production of stable ball release height and velocity and control of the highly variable release angle in the water polo shot are discussed and suggested for further study. Optimal levels of variability warrant future investigation.

ESTRUS AND PREGNANCY IN PRIMIPAROUS SOWS TREATED WITH PREGNANT MARE’S SERUM GONADOTROPIN OR ESTRADIOL-17β AND PROGESTERONE

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. DYCK
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Estradiol 17Β ◽  
Stimulation Of

Over a 3-yr period, the effectiveness of pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin (PMSG-1,500 IU) or estradiol-17β (1 mg) plus progesterone (2 mg) for the stimulation of post-weaning estrus and conception in primiparous sows from a herd with a history of post-weaning anestrus was evaluated. On the day after weaning, an intramuscular (i.m.) injection of PMSG or steroids was given to 49 and 51 sows, respectively. Fifty untreated sows served as controls. Treated sows in estrus by day 8 and control sows in estrus by day 40 were bred on the 2nd day of estrus. Serviced sows were killed at day 25 of pregnancy or on the day after return to estrus. The remaining sows were killed when in estrus or between days 41 and 45 after weaning. By day 8, more (P < 0.01) PMSG-treated (98.0%) sows were in estrus than either the steroid-treated (64.7%) or control (66.0%) sows. By day 14, fewer (P < 0.05) steroid-treated than control sows were in estrus (64.7 vs. 82.0%). The mean interval between weaning and estrus for sows in estrus by day 8 was less for the PMSG (P < 0.01) - and steroid (P < 0.05) - treated sows than for the control sows (3.83 ± 0.11 and 4.36 ± 0.28 vs. 5.12 ± 0.23 days). For the steroid-treated and control sows in estrus after day 8, the mean time to estrus was 34.6 ± 3.5 and 21.2 ± 2.8 days, respectively (P < 0.01). Pregnancy rates were similar for the PMSG and steroid treatments (57.1 and 47.0%), and lower than for the control sows (84.0%). The PMSG-treated animals had larger litters (16.4 ± 1.0 embryos) than either the steroid-treated (12.8 ± 1.1 embryos) or control (11.3 ± 0.8 embryos) animals.

scholarly journals Personnel's Health Surveillance at Work: Effect of Age, Body Mass Index, and Shift Work on Mental Workload and Work Ability Index

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Safari ◽  
Jafar Akbari ◽  
Meghdad Kazemi ◽  
Mohammad Amin Mououdi ◽  
Behzad Mahaki
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Work Ability ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Work Ability Index ◽  
Ability Index ◽  
The Mean

Introduction.Two great changes in developed countries are taking place: populations are ageing and becoming increasingly overweight. Combination of these factors with shift work is a risk factor for work ability and mental workload that are dynamic processes which change greatly throughout an individual's work life. The aim of this study was to investigate mental workload and work ability in textile workers and to identify factors which affect work ability and mental workload.Methods.This cross-sectional study was carried out among 194 male workers in textile industry. Employees based on their job group and work conditions have been divided into 6 categories. They completed work ability index and mental workload questionnaires during three work shifts. Body mass index (BMI) and demographic details were recorded.Results.All of the participants rated their work ability as moderate with high mental workload. The mean WAI and mental workload in age group were significant. The mean BMI was 25.5 kg/m2(standard deviation 4.1) and the mean age was 40.22 years. There was a statistically significant correlation between work ability index and shift work.Conclusions.Unlike the previous study, a decrease point in WAI started in early age that may be due to life-style work and another psychological factor; on the other hand, NASA-TLX revealed high score in six subscales that can be another reason for low WAI.

scholarly journals 2526. Side Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy in Children with HIV in a Referral Center in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S878-S878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Xochihua Diaz ◽  
Javier Ordoñez Ortega ◽  
Karen Alejandra Linares Lopez ◽  
Itzel Villanueva Garcia ◽  
Jose Luis Copado Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Common Effect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Observational Descriptive Study ◽  
Complete Medical Record

Abstract Background Human Inmunodeficiency Virus infection (HIV) is still a challenge in many parts of the world, mainly in children. In Mexico the infection has been decreasing, however we still have cases, in 2018 we had 40 perinatal new cases reported. The antiretroviral therapy has shown to be effective to control the disease but it is not free of adverse effects, the children with vertical transmission are exposed to many years of the antiretroviral therapy. Methods Retrospective, observational descriptive study at Instituto Nacional de Pediatría during 2004–2019. We included every children under 18 years old who received treatment for HIV and had a complete medical record. Results We found 61 patients under 18 years that fulfill the data for the analysis. 37 (60%) were male, the mean age at diagnosis of HIV infection was 47 months, the antiretroviral therapy that received 57 patients (93.4%) of the study was zidovudine, lamivudine and lopinavir/ritonavir, only 4 received another therapy: 3 of them received abacavir, lamivudine, and lopinavir/ritonavir and the missing one received abacavir, lamivudine and raltegravir. 43% of the children of our study showed adverse effects after the antiretroviral therapy, the mean time of adverse effects presentation was 37 months after the beginning of the treatment. The most common effect was hypertriglyceridemia with 13 cases, in second place we found hypercholesterolemia in 7 cases, and both in 5 cases, other frequent effects were hepatotoxicity in 5 cases, diarrhea in 4 cases, anemia in 3 cases, vomit in 3 cases, abdominal pain and night terrors in 2 cases each one. It was necessary the change of the therapy because of adverse effects in 6 cases (9.8%). Conclusion Antiretroviral therapy is effective although it has many side effects. We observe that adverse effects are frequent, almost the half, in pediatric population, it depends on the antiretroviral selection, for children we had only a few options because of the little doses they need or the inability to swallow tablets. It′s important to monitor and control all the adverse effects because they increase morbidity and mortality, especially dyslipidemia, that has been associated with cardiovascular risk and it was the most common effect found in our study. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Expired Ipecac Syrup Efficacy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1085-1089
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Grbcich ◽  
Peter G. Lacouture ◽  
James J. Kresel ◽  
Margaret T. Russell ◽  
Frederick H. Lovejoy
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
New England ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Poison Control ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Age And Sex

A controlled prospective study to evaluate the efficacy of expired ipecac syrup was conducted at two regional poison control centers in New England. During a 6-month period, 200 study patients treated with expired ipecac syrup and 200 control patients treated with unexpired ipecac syrup were evaluated. There were no statistical differences between the control and study groups in patient characteristics (age and sex) and product characteristics (general class, emetic potential, pretreatment, previously opened bottles, and manufacturer). In both control and study groups, emesis occurred in 100% of cases with 90% of patients vomiting with the first dose. The mean time to emesis was 24.7 minutes and 24.8 minutes in the study and control groups, respectively. Expired preparations ranged from 1 month to greater than 4 years postexpiration, with the duration of expiration not altering the mean time to emesis. Mean time to emesis between the two groups was also not affected by manufacturer, pretreatment with milk, or whether the ipecac syrup bottle was previously opened. We conclude that expired ipecac syrup (up to 4 years postexpiration date) is an effective emetic.

scholarly journals Role of tamsulosin in patients undergoing ESWL for renal and ureteric stones

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Gyan Prakash Singh ◽  
Sabyasachi Panda ◽  
Pradeepta Kumar Panda
Keyword(s):  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stone Size ◽  
Analgesic Requirement ◽  
Stone Clearance ◽  
Complete Clearance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mean Time

Background: To determine the effect of tamsulosin, as adjunctive medical therapy on the outcome of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for solitary renal and ureteric calculi.Methods: From January 2017 onwards, a prospective, randomized controlled study was conducted in patients with solitary renal or ureteral calculus measuring less than 20 mm undergoing ESWL. The study group (n=62) received 0.4 mg of tamsulosin daily till stone clearance or a maximum period of 12 weeks and control group (n=58) received ESWL only. Parameters assessed were stone size, composition, location, stone clearance, mean time to clearance, analgesic requirement, steinstrasse, need for hospitalization and/or auxiliary procedures.Results: There was no difference between the 2 groups with regards to age, stone size, location or composition. The complete clearance rate for renal stones was 62.7% and 36.5% (p=0.004) and for ureteric stone was 89.4% and 58.8% (p=0.03) in study and control groups, respectively. The control group had a higher rate of clinically insignificant residual fragments (CISF i.e. <3 mm), 12.9% versus 35.4% (p=0.002). There was no significant difference in the mean time to stone clearance (p=0.07) or in the incidence of steinstrasse formation (p=0.12). The mean analgesic requirement (p=0.01), need for auxiliary procedures and hospitalization (p=0.03) was significantly was higher in the control group.Conclusions: Tamsulosin increase the complete clearance rate and decrease the incidence of CISF. It also reduces analgesic requirement, need of additional procedures and hospitalization rate and might be useful as a routine adjunctive therapy following ESWL.

scholarly journals Characteristics of COVID-19-Related Deaths Among Older Adults in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-145
Author(s):  
Hazwan Mat Din ◽  
Raja Nurzatul Efah Raja Adnan ◽  
Siti Aisyah Nor Akahbar ◽  
Siti Anom Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Social Demographic ◽  
And Control ◽  
Death Cases ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Related Mortality

In response to the rising number of COVID-19-related deaths among older adults in Malaysia, observation concerning COVID-19-related mortality among older adults is of urgent public health importance. This study presents a review of the COVID-19-related death cases among older adults in Malaysia. Clinical and social demographic data of death cases officially released by the Ministry of Health Malaysia were reviewed. As of 12 June 2020, 81 older adult death cases were identified and included in this study. The mean age of the death cases was 71.88 years old. Even though 79% of these cases were male, gender was not likely to be associated with mortality. A substantial difference between the prevalence of diabetes among death cases and the nationwide population indicated that diabetes was more likely to be associated with mortality. Most of the studied deaths were individuals with pre-existing medical conditions, predominantly diabetes and hypertension, and those aged 70 years old or above. The mean time from hospitalisation to death was 11.83 days. Extra focus should be given to older adults in the prevention and control of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Extracorporeal CO2 Removal in Acute Exacerbation of COPD Not Responding to Non-Invasive Ventilation: a Single Center Experience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Azzi ◽  
Jerome Aboab ◽  
Sophie Alviset ◽  
Daria Ushmorova ◽  
Luis Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exacerbation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract Background: Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ae-COPD) has a gold standard treatment: non-invasive ventilation (NIV). However, this treatment sometime fails, and an invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is required. The extracorporeal CO₂ removal (ECCO₂R) device can be an alternative to intubation. The aim of the study is to evaluate ECCO₂R efficiency and safety and enlighten ECCO₂R benefit/risk compared to IMV.Methods: Consecutive ae-COPD patients for whom NIV failed were retrospectively analyzed during two periods: before and after the ECCO₂R device implementation in our ICU in 2015. We considered the before period as standard of care and patients were treated with IMV. The ECCO₂R device was a pump-driven veno-venous system (Xenios AG).Results: The two groups (ECCO₂R n = 26 and Control group n = 25) were comparable at baseline except for the BMI which was significantly higher in the ECCO₂R group (30kg/m² versus 25kg/m²). The pH and PaCO₂ improved significantly in both groups. The mean time on ECCO₂R was 5,4 days whereas IMV lasted 27 days in the control group. Four patients needed IMV in the ECCO₂R group (of which 3 occurred after ECCO₂R weaning). There were 7 major bleeding events with ECCO₂R and 3 led to premature termination of ECCO₂R. In the control group, there were 8 ventilator associated pneumonia, 25 haemodynamic instability and 6 self extubations. The mean time in ICU and hospital stay in the ECCO₂R and control groups were 18 vs 30 days, 29 vs 49 days, respectively and the 90-day mortality rates were 15% vs 28%.Conclusions: ECCO₂R brings significant improvement on pH and PaCO₂ in ae-COPD patients failing NIV therapy and permit to avoid intubation in 85% with low complication rates compared to IMV. These results have yet to be proven in a larger randomized study.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04882410. Date of registration May 12th 2021, Retrospectively registered.https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04882410

scholarly journals The mental workload of harvester operators working in steep terrain conditions

Silva Fennica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Szewczyk ◽  
Raffaele Spinelli ◽  
Natascia Magagnotti ◽  
Paweł Tylek ◽  
Janusz Sowa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Workload ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Activity Cycles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gradient Measurements ◽  
Steep Terrain ◽  
Difficult Terrain ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Saccade Duration

The use of modern multi-functional forestry machines has already been associated with central nervous system fatigue induced by high mental workload. As these machines are being used under increasingly difficult terrain conditions, further knowledge is required on the expected aggravation of operators’ mental workload, so that suitable work/rest schedules can be developed. Within such a context, the aim of this study was to gauge aggravations of mental workload derived from increasing slope gradient. Measurements of eye activity were obtained from a representative harvester operator working in corridors with the following mean inclinations: 9%, 23% and 47%. The duration, frequency and trajectory of eye movements were used to determine the harvester operator’s mental workload, on the assumption that worsening work conditions would be reflected by increased eyeball activity. The number of fixations during the performance of all tasks increased with the increasing slope gradient. Similarly, fixation duration increased with slope gradient. The mean duration of saccades when working on a 23% slope was 5% shorter compared to work under a 9% gradient. A further significant shortening of saccade duration (~22%) occurred when working on a 47% slope. The good match between eye activity cycles and work cycles, visible especially on steep slopes, indicates that mental workload is related to work conditions. Overall, operating a forest harvester on steep slopes results in a greatly increased mental workload and calls for suitable rest schedules.

scholarly journals Metarhizium brunneum Petch Fungi is Effective as a Bioinsecticide Against Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren Termite Pests in the Laboratory

Elkawnie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sayuthi ◽  
Teguh Santoso ◽  
Iswadi Iswadi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Density Treatment

Abstract: Nutmeg is a plantation crop and has high economic value. Currently, the cultivation of nutmeg is experiencing many obstacles. One of them is termite pests. So far, the control is carried out using chemical insecticides and hurts the environment. Therefore it is necessary to control other environmentally friendly ways, and one of them is by using the fungi M. brunneum as an ecologically friendly bioinsecticide. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of M. brunneum as a bioinsecticide against the termite C. curvignathus as an essential pest in nutmeg plantations. This research using a completely randomized design (CRD). The results showed that the mean percentage viability of M. brunneum conidia at each observation time was classified as useful. The germination of conidia increased to 89.78 % after 72 hours of observation. Conidia density 103/ mL distilled water. The highest mortality rate of C. curvignathus was found at a density of 1010 conidia/ mL of distilled water. The mean time of death for C. curvignathus after application of conidia density treatment of 1010/ mL of distilled water was 2.15 days and the death of C. curvignathus was 3.35 days using conidia density treatment 103/ mL of distilled water. 1 day after application reaches 33.20 % and increases to observation at 5 days after application reaches 100 %. The highest food inhibition occurred in treatment 1010/ mL distilled water (65.81 %) which was significantly different from treatment 105/ mL distilled water (43.23 %), and 103/ mL distilled water (41.61 %) and control (0.00).Abstrak: Pala merupakan tanaman perkebunan dan bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Pada saat ini budidayanya mengalami banyak hambatan. Satu diantaranya adalah serangan hama rayap. Selama ini  pengendalian hama rayap dilakukan dengan menggunakan insektisida kimia dan berpengaruh negatif terhadap lingkungan. Oleh karenanya perlu pengendalian cara lain yang ramah lingkungan dan satu diantaranya dengan menggunakan cendawan M. brunneum sebagai bioinsektisida yang ramah lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis efektivitas M. brunneum sebagai bioinsektisida terhadap hama rayap C. curvignathus. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hama Tanaman dan Laboratorium Dasar Proteksi Tanaman Program Studi Proteksi Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, sejak bulan Februari hingga September 2018, dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase viabilitas rata-rata dari konidia M. brunneum pada setiap waktu pengamatan tergolong efektif. Perkecambahan konidia semakin meningkat hingga mencapai 89,78 % setelah diamati pada jam yang ke 72. Rata-rata waktu kematian rayap C. curvignathus setelah aplikasi perlakuan kerapatan konidia 1010/ mL akuades adalah 2,15 hari dan terjadi kematian rayap C. curvignathus 3.35 hari dengan menggunakan perlakuan kerapatan konidia 103/ mL akuades. Rata-rata mortalitas tertinggi rayap C. curvignathus ditemukan pada perlakuan kerapatan konidia 1010/mL aquades. 1 HSA mencapai 33,20% dan meningkat hingga pengamatan pada 5 HSA mencapai 100%. Daya hambat makan tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan 1010/ mL aquades (65,81%) yang berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan 105/mL aquades (43,23%) dan 103/ mL aquades (41,61%) serta kontrol (0,00%).

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