scholarly journals Estimating Biomass and Carbon Storage by Georgia Forest Types and Species Groups Using the FIA Data Diameters, Basal Areas, Site Indices, and Total Heights

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Chris J. Cieszewski ◽  
Michał Zasada ◽  
Roger C. Lowe ◽  
Shanbin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
The State ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biomass Density ◽  
Usda Forest Service ◽  
Tree Expansion ◽  
Species Groups

We present here an example of research into methodology of an estimation of carbon and biomass pools in forests using the USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA), data of the 1989 and 1998 surveys for Georgia forests, as relevant for comparison with other extremely highly-cited estimates of similar, but different, methodologies. Based on the derived estimates, we produce an example map of the biomass density and pools at a sub-county level resolution, which is based on spatially explicit simulations of the potential cover-type polygons implied by the FIA data with approximate plot locations. Our results include estimates of the biomass pools in the belowground biomass in roots, aboveground woody biomass in trees, and the biomass of foliage. We estimated the biomass densities and pools at a tree level using diameters and heights and previously published models, then propagated these results to the plot level using tree expansion factors, and then transformed these estimates to plot-dependent polygons using plot expansion factors. The plot-dependent polygons were spatially simulated using a simplified assumption of homogeneity of conditions surrounding each plot to the extent of the area defined by this plot’s expansion factors. The derived map provides a visual representation of the distribution of forest biomass densities and pools in the state of Georgia with distinctive patterns observed in various areas of urban development, federally owned forests, primary commercial forestland, and other land use areas. Coniferous forests with the highest total biomass density are located mostly in three regions: northern Georgia (Appalachian Highlands), the southern part of Piedmont, and the eastern part of Coastal Plain. Deciduous and mixed forests with the highest biomass density are concentrated mostly in the northern part of the state—especially in the Blue Ridge physiographic province, and in the western part of the East Gulf Coastal Plain. Counties with the highest biomass density were located primarily in the northern part of the state, while counties with the lowest density tended to be located in the Coastal Georgia area.

Survey of Woodyard Scaling Practices in Georgia

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
J. F. McNeel
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
The State ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Scaling Methods ◽  
Tree Length ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Hardwood Pulp ◽  
Lower Coastal Plain ◽  
Weight Scaling

Abstract A recent survey of the timber scaling methods used by 259 mills and woodyards across the state of Georgia indicates that weight scaling methods are used by over 77% of those surveyed. Analysis of weight-to-volume conversion ratios for different product and species groups provided throughthe survey suggests little variability for surveyed products within the state, although some regional variation was noted. The most commonly observed conversion rate for pine pulpwood was 5350 lb/cord, while mixed hardwood pulp ranged between 5600 and 5700 lb/cord. The most frequently occurringsawtimber conversion factors were 15000 lb/mbf (Scribner)for tree-length pine and 16800 lb/mbf (Doyle) for tree-length mixed hardwood. Weight-to-volume conversion rates were generally higher for mills and woodyards in the lower coastal plain when compared with other regions in the state. South.J. Appl. For. 13(2):64-68.

Biomass Carbon Storage of Three Forests at Different Altitudes in Baotianman Mountain, Central China

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 2463-2468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Qi ◽  
Shun Lei Peng ◽  
Chang Dong Chen ◽  
Gan Qing Zhao ◽  
Ya Hong Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Central China ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Different Altitudes

Basing on field data ofQuercus glandulifera var. brevipetiolataandQuercus variabilismixed forest (MF),Quercus aliena var. acutiserrataforest (QF1) andQuercus aliena var. acutiserrataforest (QF2) at different altitudes of Baotianman Mountain, we revealed biomass C storage of tree organs for each forest, and the distribution patterns of biomass C in different forests were also indicated. We found that total biomass C of forests decrease as altitude increase. The species mixed forest store more biomass C than others. However, biomass C storages at the scale 5m×5m vary dramatically for most of the plots. Biomass C storage in organs follows the law trunk>branch>root>leaf for all the three types of forests. It is interesting that biomass C of both above̶ and belowground are MF>QF1>QF2, whereas the ratios of aboveground/belowground biomass C are QF2 > QF1 > MF. Our results indicate that both altitude and forest type are key influence factors of forest biomass C in Baotianman Mountains.

scholarly journals Tree height integrated into pantropical forest biomass estimates

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 3381-3403 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Feldpausch ◽  
J. Lloyd ◽  
S. L. Lewis ◽  
R. J. W. Brienen ◽  
M. Gloor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Guiana Shield ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Continental Scale

Abstract. Aboveground tropical tree biomass and carbon storage estimates commonly ignore tree height (H). We estimate the effect of incorporating H on tropics-wide forest biomass estimates in 327 plots across four continents using 42 656 H and diameter measurements and harvested trees from 20 sites to answer the following questions: 1. What is the best H-model form and geographic unit to include in biomass models to minimise site-level uncertainty in estimates of destructive biomass? 2. To what extent does including H estimates derived in (1) reduce uncertainty in biomass estimates across all 327 plots? 3. What effect does accounting for H have on plot- and continental-scale forest biomass estimates? The mean relative error in biomass estimates of destructively harvested trees when including H (mean 0.06), was half that when excluding H (mean 0.13). Power- and Weibull-H models provided the greatest reduction in uncertainty, with regional Weibull-H models preferred because they reduce uncertainty in smaller-diameter classes (≤40 cm D) that store about one-third of biomass per hectare in most forests. Propagating the relationships from destructively harvested tree biomass to each of the 327 plots from across the tropics shows that including H reduces errors from 41.8 Mg ha−1 (range 6.6 to 112.4) to 8.0 Mg ha−1 (−2.5 to 23.0). For all plots, aboveground live biomass was −52.2 Mg ha−1 (−82.0 to −20.3 bootstrapped 95% CI), or 13%, lower when including H estimates, with the greatest relative reductions in estimated biomass in forests of the Brazilian Shield, east Africa, and Australia, and relatively little change in the Guiana Shield, central Africa and southeast Asia. Appreciably different stand structure was observed among regions across the tropical continents, with some storing significantly more biomass in small diameter stems, which affects selection of the best height models to reduce uncertainty and biomass reductions due to H. After accounting for variation in H, total biomass per hectare is greatest in Australia, the Guiana Shield, Asia, central and east Africa, and lowest in east-central Amazonia, W. Africa, W. Amazonia, and the Brazilian Shield (descending order). Thus, if tropical forests span 1668 million km2 and store 285 Pg C (estimate including H), then applying our regional relationships implies that carbon storage is overestimated by 35 Pg C (31–39 bootstrapped 95% CI) if H is ignored, assuming that the sampled plots are an unbiased statistical representation of all tropical forest in terms of biomass and height factors. Our results show that tree H is an important allometric factor that needs to be included in future forest biomass estimates to reduce error in estimates of tropical carbon stocks and emissions due to deforestation.

scholarly journals Impacts of Alternative Harvesting and Natural Disturbance Scenarios on Forest Biomass in the Superior National Forest, USA

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Russell ◽  
Stephanie Patton ◽  
David Wilson ◽  
Grant Domke ◽  
Katie Frerker
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Volume Control ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Natural Disturbances ◽  
Project Area

The amount of biomass stored in forest ecosystems is a result of past natural disturbances, forest management activities, and current structure and composition such as age class distributions. Although natural disturbances are projected to increase in their frequency and severity on a global scale in the future, forest management and timber harvesting decisions continue to be made at local scales, e.g., the ownership or stand level. This study simulated potential changes in natural disturbance regimes and their interaction with timber harvest goals across the Superior National Forest (SNF) in northeastern Minnesota, USA. Forest biomass stocks and stock changes were simulated for 120 years under three natural disturbance and four harvest scenarios. A volume control approach was used to estimate biomass availability across the SNF and a smaller project area within the SNF (Jeanette Project Area; JPA). Results indicate that under current harvest rates and assuming disturbances were twice that of normal levels resulted in reductions of 2.62 to 10.38% of forest biomass across the four primary forest types in the SNF and JPA, respectively. Under this scenario, total biomass stocks remained consistent after 50 years at current and 50% disturbance rates, but biomass continued to decrease under a 200%-disturbance scenario through 120 years. In comparison, scenarios that assumed both harvest and disturbance were twice that of normal levels and resulted in reductions ranging from 14.18 to 29.85% of forest biomass. These results suggest that both natural disturbances and timber harvesting should be considered to understand their impacts to future forest structure and composition. The implications from simulations like these can provide managers with strategic approaches to determine the economic and ecological outcomes associated with timber harvesting and disturbances.

Forest Biomass Estimation Based on Forest Inventory Data in Middle and Last Scales

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 220-224
Author(s):  
Ming Ze Li ◽  
Wen Yi Fan ◽  
Ying Yu
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Biomass Equation ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Forest Inventory Data ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon

The forest biomass (which is referred to the arbor aboveground biomass in this research) is one of the most primary factors to determine the forest ecosystem carbon storages. There are many kinds of estimating methods adapted to various scales. It is a suitable method to estimate forest biomass of the farm or the forestry bureau in middle and last scales. First each subcompartment forest biomass should be estimated, and then the farm or the forestry bureau forest biomass was estimated. In this research, based on maoershan farm region, first the single tree biomass equation of main tree species was established or collected. The biomass of each specie was calculated according to the materials of tally, such as height, diameter and so on in the forest inventory data. Secondly, each specie’s biomass and total biomass in subcompartment were calculated according to the tree species composition in forest management investigation data. Thus the forest biomass spatial distribution was obtained by taking subcompartment as a unit. And last the forest total biomass was estimated.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KEPADATAN IKAN DENGAN KONDISI LINGKUNGAN PERAIRAN ESTUARI DI KABUPATEN BANYUASIN

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Aroef Hukmanan Rais ◽  
Rupawan Rupawan ◽  
Herlan Herlan
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Aurelia Aurita ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biomass Distribution ◽  
Phytoplankton Abundance ◽  
Biomass Density ◽  
Fish Resources ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
Distribution Of Fish

Estuari di wilayah Kabupaten Banyuasin dengan potensi biodiversitas sumber daya ikan yang tinggi, merupakan wilayah penangkapan yang potensial dan berkontribusi besar terhadap poduksi perikanan Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Distribusi biomassa sumber daya ikan di wilayah estuari sangat dinamis dan dipengaruhi oleh parameter salinitas dan suhu perairan pada suatu lingkungan perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi kepadatan biomassa ikan dalam hubungannya dengan kondisi lingkungan perairan di wilayah perairan estuari Kabupaten Banyuasin.Pengambilan sampel ikan dilakukan dengan percobaan penangkapan menggunakan alat tangkap trawl mini yang diopeasikan di tiga wilayah estuari yaitu Sungai Banyuasin, Sungai Musi dan Sungai Upang. Pada masing-masing wilayah estuari ditentukan sebanyak empat lokasi sampling. Frekuensi pengambilan sampel dilakukan sebanyak empat kali yaitu pada Maret, Juni, Agustus dan Oktober agar mewakili kondisi musiman.Parameter lingkungan yang dianalisa adalah salinitas, suhu perairan, kecerahan, nitrat, amoniak, total fosfat dan kelimpahan fitoplankton. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 87 spesies ikan telah teridentifikasi. Diperoleh nilai kepadatan biomassa 332,13 – 861,49 kg/km2 di estuari Upang, 590,51 – 2.235,04 kg/km2 di estuari Musi dan 1.296,4 - 33.714,88 kg/km2 di estuari Banyuasin. Spesies ubur-ubur (Aurelia aurita) mendominasi tangkapan pada Agustus hingga Oktober yang mencapai 77,22% dari biomassa total ikan dikarenakan lingkungan yang sesuai untuk keperluan pertumbuhannya. Kepadatan biomassa ikan berkorelasi positif dengan parameter salinitas dan kelimpahan fitoplankton, dan berkorelasi negatif terhadap parameter amoniak. Estuaries of Banyuasin district has a high biodiversity of fish resources and significant contribution to the fisheries production in the South Sumatera Province. The biomass distribution of fish in the estuary fluctuated and probably affected by by salinity and water temperature. This research aims to investigate the correlation between biomass density and environment condition in the estuary of Banyuasin Regency. Sampling was conducted through experimental fishing used a mini trawl that operated in three estuary areas, such as: Banyuasin Rivers, Musi Rivers, and Upang Rivers. Every estuary area was replicated for four sampling sites. Samples were collected during March, June, August and October. The waters parameters analyzed were salinity, water temperature, transparency, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate total, and phytoplankton. The results showed that about 87 species of fish have been identified. The biomass density was 332,13 – 861,49 kg/km2 in estuary Upang, 590,51 – 2.235,04 kg/km2 in estuary Musi and 1.296,4 - 33.714,88 kg/km2 in estuari Banyuasin. A jelly fish (Aurelia aurita) is dominated in August to October, up to 77.22% of total biomass. The biomass density of fish was positively correlated with salinity and phytoplankton abundance, whereas negatively correlated to ammoniac condition.

scholarly journals Stand structure links up canopy processes and forest management

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Toomas Frey
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Unit Mass ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Mean Values

Stand structure links up canopy processes and forest management Above- and belowground biomass and net primary production (Pn) of a maturing Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forest (80 years old) established on brown soil in central Estonia were 227, 50 and 19.3 Mg ha correspondingly. Stand structure is determined mostly by mean height and stand density, used widely in forestry, but both are difficult to measure with high precision in respect of canopy processes in individual trees. However, trunk form quotient (q2) and proportion of living crown in relation to tree height are useful parameters allowing describe stand structure tree by tree. Based on 7 model trees, leaf unit mass assimilation activity and total biomass respiration per unit mass were determined graphically as mean values for the whole tree growth during 80 years of age. There are still several possible approaches not used carefully enough to integrate experimental work at instrumented towers with actual forestry measurement. Dependence of physiological characteristics on individual tree parameters is the missing link between canopy processes and forest management.

Competition and the response of three plant species to a salinity gradient

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2497-2502 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Kenkel ◽  
A. L. McIlraith ◽  
C. A. Burchill ◽  
G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Peak Performance ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Salinity Response ◽  
Hordeum Jubatum ◽  
Puccinellia Nuttalliana

Three grasses (Poa pratensis, Hordeum jubatum, and Puccinellia nuttalliana) were grown in monoculture and three-species mixture at each of eight salinity levels in a controlled environment chamber. In monoculture, all species grew best when no salts were added to the nutrient medium. When salts were added the species showed differing degrees of salt tolerance. Percent decreases in total biomass with increasing salinity and shifts in aboveground to belowground biomass ratios suggested increased salt tolerance in the order P. pratensis < H. jubatum < P. nuttalliana. In mixture, all species showed a significant change in salinity response when compared with their responses in monoculture. Interspecific competition resulted in P. pratensis being suppressed at all but the lowest salinities. Hordeum jubatum showed the least suppression at intermediate salinities, while P. nuttalliana was least suppressed at the highest salinities. These results indicate that interspecific competition results in a shift in the peak performance of more salt-tolerant species toward the high end of the salinity gradient. The species distributions in our experimental mixtures reflected those observed in the field, suggesting that competition plays an important role in structuring inland saline plant communities. Key words: halophyte, glycophyte, community, Hordeum jubatum, Puccinellia nuttalliana, Poa pratensis.

Demersal fish biomass size spectra on the Scotian Shelf, Canada: species replacement at the shelfwide scale

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1725-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
D E Duplisea ◽  
S R Kerr ◽  
L M Dickie
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Demersal Fish ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Species Replacement ◽  
Scotian Shelf ◽  
Size Spectra ◽  
Species Groups

Three parameters were derived from annual biomass size spectra constructed for a 22-year time series of demersal fish data for the entire Scotian Shelf: (i) total sampled biomass density, (ii) modal body weight, and (iii) the shape of the various biomass size spectra. Temporal variability of these parameters was compared among six species groups and between the species groups and their total. Species-group biomass varied more over the time series than did the total biomass, indicating the presence of a system factor. Conversely, modal body weight was as variable, and sometimes more variable, for the total than it was within species groups, indicating variability mainly at the species level. The shape of the biomass size spectrum showed annual differences in variability owing mainly to contributions of species groups. This variability was higher than variability in the combined species totals. We conclude that total biomass is limited at the combined species (systemwide) level because it depends on energy input to the system. Variability is greater at the species group (subsystem) level because the multiage species-group biomasses do not equally reflect a given energy limitation. Neither modal body weight nor the shape of the biomass spectrum is sensitive to the degree of taxonomic aggregation, suggesting that both measures are independent of energy input (primary production). We found no evidence of consistent species replacement trends on the shelfwide scale and conclude that diffuse replacement best describes species succession on the Scotian Shelf as a whole.

Three new species of Hyalella (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyalellidae) from the Southern Brazilian Coastal Plain

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4970 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-292
Author(s):  
JORDAN TUPARAI TALHAFERRO ◽  
ALESSANDRA ANGÉLICA DE PÁDUA BUENO ◽  
MATEUS MARQUES PIRES ◽  
CRISTINA STENERT ◽  
LEONARDO MALTCHIK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Plumose Seta ◽  
The State ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Smooth Body ◽  
Three New Species

In this study, three new species of Hyalella (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyalellidae) are described based on specimens collected in wetlands located in three freshwater ecoregions (Southeastern Mata Atlântica, Tramandaí-Mampituba and Laguna dos Patos) of the southern Brazilian Coastal Plain (states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina). Hyalella minuana n. sp. was recorded in the southernmost region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. This species is characterized by presenting smooth body surface, epimeral plates not acuminated, nine serrate setae on the inner face of gnathopod 1, and peduncle of uropod 3 with four cuspidate setae with accessory seta and without plumose seta on the margin of the telson. Hyalella lagoana n. sp. was recorded in the northern region of Rio Grande do Sul and southern region of Santa Catarina. This species shows body surface smooth, epimeral plates not acuminated, nine serrate setae on the inner face of gnathopod 1, peduncle of uropod 3 with five cuspidate setae with accessory seta, and telson with six cuspidate setae with accessory seta without plumose seta on the margins. Hyalella sambaqui n. sp. was recorded in the state of Santa Catarina. This species is characterized by presenting smooth body surface, epimeral plates not acuminated, six serrate setae on the inner face of gnathopod 1, peduncle of uropod 3 with three cuspidate setae with accessory seta, and telson with three cuspidate setae with accessory seta and four plumose setae on the margin of the telson.                The new records elevates the known diversity of species of Hyalella in the Brazilian territory to 33 species (19 in the southern Brazilian region) and to 83 species in the Americas. 

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