scholarly journals Effect of Bentonite on the Early Growth Characteristics of Teak Seedlings Planted in Sandy Soil in Northeast Thailand—A Pilot Study

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Masazumi Kayama ◽  
Suchat Nimpila ◽  
Sutjaporn Hongthong ◽  
Reiji Yoneda ◽  
Woraphun Himmapan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Northeast Thailand ◽  
High Concentration

The growth of teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) seedlings in sandy soil in northeast Thailand is suppressed by infertility and drought stress. In a preliminary field pot experiment, we confirmed that bentonite was useful for increasing soil water availability. To monitor early growth characteristics of teak seedlings in sandy soil, we curried out an experiment of teak seedlings using bentonite and fertilizer in the field from July 2014 to November 2015. We then compared the growth, biomass, photosynthetic rate, leaf water potential, and concentration of elements in the plant organs among the four treatments. Bentonite increased both soil pH and Ca during the experimental period, and retained P in fertilizer. The dry mass of teak seedlings was markedly increased by concurrent use of bentonite and fertilizer. However, the use of bentonite alone showed little increase of dry mass of teak seedlings. Moreover, application of bentonite was mitigated drought stress in dry season, and photosynthetic rate showed high value by high concentration of chlorophyll. The concentration of K in root of teak seedlings was increased by application of bentonite, and its value showed positive correlation with the relative growth rate of teak seedlings. We concluded that bentonite was useful for the uptake of K and retention of P in fertilizer, as a result, growth of teak seedlings was accelerated.

EVALUATION OF CLOVERS ON SANDY COASTAL SOIL

1977 ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.M. Williams ◽  
L.B. Anderson ◽  
B.M. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Mediterranean Origin ◽  
Winter Annual

In evaluations of clover performances on summer-dry Himatangi sandy soil, it was found that none could match lucerne over summer. Emphasis was therefore placed on production in autumn-winter- early spring when lucerne growth was slow. Evaluations of some winter annual clover species suggested that Trifolium spumosum, T. pallidum, T. resupinatum, and T. vesiculosum would justify further investigation, along with T. subterraneum which is already used in pastures on this soil type. Among the perennial clover species, Kenya white clover (7'. semipilosum) showed outstanding recovery from drought and was the only species to produce significantly in autumn. However, it failed to grow in winter-early spring. Within red clover, materials of New Zealand x Moroccan origin substantially outproduced the commercial cultivars. Within white clover, material from Israel, Italy and Lebanon, as well as progeny of a selected New Zealand plant, showed more rapid recovery from drought stress and subsequently better winter growth than New Zealand commercial material ('Grasslands Huia'). The wider use of plant material of Mediterranean origin and of plants collected in New Zealand dryland pastures is advocated in development of clover cultivars for New Zealand dryland situations.

scholarly journals Effect of sodium silicate on early growth stages of wheat under drought stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Gyu Lee ◽  
Hyeri Lee ◽  
Byung Cheon Lee ◽  
Hojoung Lee ◽  
Jun Cheol Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages

scholarly journals Potential of macrophyte for removing arsenic from aqueous solution

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.P. Guimaraes ◽  
R. Aguiar ◽  
J.A. Oliveira ◽  
J.A.A. Silva ◽  
D. Karam
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Phosphate Deficiency ◽  
Lemna Gibba ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Carotenoid Synthesis ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Selection Of

The potential of three aquatic macrophytes, Azoll caroliniana, Salvinia minima and Lemna gibba, was evaluated in this work aimed at selection of plants to be used in remediation of environments contaminated by arsenic (As). The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse during six days in pots containing Hoagland solution (¼ ionic strength) at As concentrations of 0.5; 2.5 and 5.0 mg L-1. The three species showed greater As accumulation as the concentration of the metalloid in solution increased. However, a reduction was detected in fresh and dry mass gain when the plants were exposed to high As concentrations. The macrophytes showed differences in efficiency of removal of As in solution. A. caroliniana, S. minima and L. gibba accumulated, on average, 0.130; 0.200; and 1.397 mg mDM-1, respectively, when exposed to 5.0 mg L-1 of As. The macrophytes absorbed a greater quantity of As in solution with low phosphate content. The greater As concentration in L. gibba tissues lowered the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents as shown by the high chlorosis incidence. Lemna gibba also exhibited a decrease in leaf size, with the total chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis not being affected by As in A. caroliniana. This species exhibited purplish leaves with high concentration of anthocyanin, whose presence suggested association to phosphate deficiency. Marginal necrosis occurred on S. minima floating leaves, with the released daughter-plants not showing any visual symptoms during the treatment. The percentage of As removed from the solution decreased when the plants were exposed to high concentrations of the pollutant. Among the three species studied, only L. gibba could be considered an As hyper-accumulator. The use of this plant species for remediation of aquatic environments was shown to be limited and requires further investigation.

Effects of Superabsorbent Polymer on Soil Water Content and Sugarcane Germination and Early Growth in Sandy Soil Conditions

Sugar Tech ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenta Watanabe ◽  
Samran Saensupo ◽  
Yanischa Na-iam ◽  
Peeraya Klomsa-ard ◽  
Klanarong Sriroth
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymer

scholarly journals Growth analysis of Fafia in relation to the propagation method used

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
André May ◽  
Odair A Bovi ◽  
Nilson B Maia ◽  
Andrea RA de Moraes ◽  
Mariane Q Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Propagation ◽  
Pfaffia Glomerata ◽  
Accumulation Curves ◽  
Propagation Methods ◽  
Mass Accumulation

A trial was carried out in Campinas, Brazil, from August 2005 to August 2006, in order to analyze the effect of two propagation methods (seeds and cuttings) on the development of Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen. The experimental design was a completely randomized block, with five replications, and two methods of plant propagation. Plant height, aerial part dry mass and root dry mass were evaluated. Plants propagated from cuttings showed greater accumulation of dry mass on the aerial part. Root dry mass accumulation curves showed an exponential pattern, and at the end of the experimental period, the average of roots dry mass for both treatments were similar, up to 349,65 g plant-1.

scholarly journals Synthesis of [1,2-3H2]cholecalciferol and metabolism of [4-14C,1,2-3H2]- and [4-14C,1-3H]-cholecalciferol in rachitic rats and chicks

1971 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. M. Lawson ◽  
B. Pelc ◽  
P. A. Bell ◽  
P. W. Wilson ◽  
E. Kodicek
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Very High ◽  
25 Hydroxycholecalciferol

[1,2-3H2]Cholecalciferol has been synthesized with a specific radioactivity of 508mCi/mmol by using tristriphenylphosphinerhodium chloride, the homogeneous hydrogen catalyst. With doses of 125ng (5i.u.) of [4-14C,1-3H2]cholecalciferol the tissue distribution in rachitic rats of cholecalciferol and its metabolites (25-hydroxycholecalciferol and peak P material) was similar to that found in chicken with 500ng doses of the double-labelled vitamin. The only exceptions were rat kidney, with a very high concentration of vitamin D, and rat blood, with a higher proportion of peak P material, containing a substance formed from vitamin D with the loss of hydrogen from C-1. Substance P formed from [4-14C,1,2-3H2]cholecalciferol retained 36% of 3H, the amount expected from its distribution between C-1 and C-2, the 3H at C-1 being lost. 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol does not seem to have any specific intracellular localization within the intestine of rachitic chicks. The 3H-deficient substance P was present in the intestine and bone 1h after a dose of vitamin D and 30min after 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. There was very little 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in intestine at any time-interval, but bone and blood continued to take it up over the 8h experimental period. It is suggested that the intestinal 3H-deficient substance P originates from outside this tissue. The polar metabolite found in blood and which has retained its 3H at C-1 is not a precursor of the intestinal 3H-deficient substance P.

scholarly journals Seed germination and antioxidant enzyme activity in seedlings of diploid and tetraploid bahiagrass under water restriction

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Streck Bortolin ◽  
Alfredo José Salinas-Arcienega ◽  
Yutcelia Carolina Galviz-Fajardo ◽  
Luciano do Amarante ◽  
Carlos Eduardo da Silva Pedroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Growth Activity ◽  
Higher Temperature

ABSTRACT: The objective of the following research was to investigate the physiological responses of two bahiagrass genotypes (Paspalum notatum Flügge) submitted to water restriction, induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG6000), during seed germination. Seeds of cv. Pensacola (diploid) and Bagual ecotype (tetraploid) were placed on paper moistened with osmotic solutions at potentials of 0.0; -0.1; -0.2 and -0.3 MPa. Composed of two subsamples of 100 seeds and four experimental units per treatment, the germination test was conducted in a germination chamber under alternating temperatures of 30 °C (8 hours) and 20 °C (16 hours), with presence of light during the higher temperature. Final germination percentage and germination speed index of the seeds, as well as early growth, activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes of seedlings were evaluated. The water restriction induced by PEG6000 reduced the percentage of germination in Pensacola (from 74% to 59%) and Bagual (34% to 10%). For the latter, the evaluation of seedlings showed higher dry mass in relation to cv. Pensacola (1.7 times higher in root and 1.6 times in shoot). In response to moderate water restriction, the genotypes showed increases in root growth (1.7 times higher in -0.1 compared to 0.0 MPa), both in expression and enzymatic activity (superoxide dismutase and catalase).

scholarly journals Sensitivity of quinoa cv. ‘Titicaca’ to low salinity conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Rodríguez-Hernández ◽  
Luna Morcillo ◽  
Idoia Garmendia
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Moderate Salinity

Abstract Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Will.) is an annual herbaceous Andean plant. In recent years there is a growing interest on it due to its high quality as food, its wide adaptation to agroecological conditions and resistance to different abiotic stresses. In this work, we evaluate the growth pattern of quinoa plants cv. ‘Titicaca’, subjected to different levels of salinity, focusing on leaf production and nutrient content. In this sense, the results have shown that a high concentration of salinity negatively affects the growth of quinoa plants. In fact, plants grown with 200 mM NaCl reduced the photosynthetic rate and levels of chlorophylls and carotenoids in comparison with the rest of the treatments. Likewise, it has been proven how the progressive increase in salinity has negative effects on transpiration, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, with significant subsequent reductions in shoot biomass, leaf area and nutrient adquisition, but without a decline in leaf dry weight (DW) production. However, the treatment of 200 mM NaCl demonstrated the best results regarding the water-use efficiency, as well as the number of saline glands. According to our results, the quinoa plant cv. ‘Titicaca’ seems to be tolerant to moderate concentrations of salinity (50–100 mM NaCl). This study could serve as a reference on this little known and cultivated species in the Mediterranean region, since it could become an alternative crop in areas with moderate salinity problems.

scholarly journals IRRIGATION FREQUENCIES FOR Eucalyptus grandis SEEDLINGS

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 364-374
Author(s):  
Gustavo Henrique Miguel da Cruz ◽  
Fernando França da Cunha ◽  
Epitácio José de Souza ◽  
Andrisley Joaquim da Silva ◽  
Roberto Filgueiras
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Total Seed

One of the bottlenecks in relation to the production of forest seedlings is irrigation, especially in less-tech nurseries. The small volumes of substrate, where the seedlings develop, lead to low water storage. This fact can lead to water deficit and significant losses in the production of seedlings, generating even mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the best irrigation frequencies for Eucalyptus grandis seedling production in less-tech nurseries. The experiment was conducted between 2013/08/04 and 2013/23/07 (106 days) and conducted in Chapadão do Sul county, Brazil. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design, with five replications. Four irrigation frequencies were tested: IF1 (one daily irrigation - 11:00 a.m.), IF2 (two daily irrigations - 11:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m.), IF3 (three daily irrigations - 07:00 a.m., 11:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m.) and IF4 (four daily irrigations - 07:00 a.m., 11:00 a.m., 3:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m.). The sample units were composed of eight seedlings in 50 cm3 conical tubes filled with soil and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 1:1. The irrigation depth was estimated by reference evapotranspiration (Penman-Monteith) multiplied by a crop coefficient equal to two. Plant height, number of definitive leaves, shoot dry mass (root and total), seed quality index, survival and efficiency of water use by eucalyptus seedlings were evaluated. The average daily irrigation depth in the experimental period was 5.2 mm. Based on the results, it is recommended for eucalyptus seedling producers, in less-tech nursery, irrigation management twice per days. (11:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m.).

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