scholarly journals Contribution of Small-Scale Acacia Hybrid Timber Production and Commercialization for Livelihood Development in Central Vietnam

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1335
Author(s):  
La Thi Tham ◽  
Dietrich Darr ◽  
Jürgen Pretzsch
Keyword(s):  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Model Average ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Acacia Hybrid

Forming a backbone of the wood supply in Vietnam, approximately 50% of plantation areas are managed by individual households. Of the planted species, the Acacia (Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. × Acacia mangium Willd) hybrid is one of the most preferred by timber growers. Yet, information on the potential of this timber species for rural livelihoods is lacking. Taking Nam Dong and Phu Loc districts in Thua Thien Hue province as case studies, this paper aimed to explore the (i) characteristics of small-scale Acacia hybrid timber producers; (ii) contribution of Acacia hybrid timber production and commercialization to rural livelihoods; and (iii) socio-economic and contextual factors which determine the income from Acacia hybrid timber. We applied a mixed-methods approach including review of secondary data, interviews of 26 key informants, eight focus group discussions, direct observations and a survey of 300 Acacia hybrid producer households selected through multistage and purposive sampling. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed using thematic, descriptive and inferential statistics, such as variance analysis, correlation analysis and Bayesian model average (BMA) analysis. The results demonstrated the diversity of socio-economic characteristics, resource access and management as well as determinants of timber income of small-scale timber producers between the cases. Accounting for 33–56% of total household income, Acacia hybrid timber plantations played a crucial role in the current livelihood system. Nevertheless, timber income was skewed toward the wealth status of timber producers and ranged between 327 USD/household and 3387 USD/household in Nam Dong and between 397 USD/household and 9460 USD/household in Phu Loc district. Despite the substantial contribution the income from Acacia hybrid plantations could make to local poverty reduction, it was the main contributor to the overall income inequality. While this income source reduced the Gini coefficient by 1% in Nam Dong, it increased the Gini coefficient by 18% in Phu Loc district. Our study can be of interest for further policy interventions focusing on sustainable reforestation and livelihood development in Vietnam.

scholarly journals Why We Should Use the Gini Coefficient to Assess Punctuated Equilibrium Theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Constantin Kaplaner ◽  
Yves Steinebach
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Punctuated Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Theory ◽  
Punctuated Equilibrium Theory ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Precise Measure

Abstract Punctuated Equilibrium Theory posits that policy-making is generally characterized by long periods of stability that are interrupted by short periods of fundamental policy change. The literature converged on the measure of kurtosis and L-kurtosis to assess these change patterns. In this letter, we critically discuss these measures and propose the Gini coefficient as a (1) comparable, but (2) more intuitive, and (3) more precise measure of “punctuated” change patterns.

The Gini coefficient: Majority voting and social welfare

2014 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 214-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Gabriel Rodríguez ◽  
Rafael Salas
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Majority Voting ◽  
The Gini Coefficient

Challenges confronting waste pickers in Indonesia: An on-field analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110291
Author(s):  
Gabriel Andari Kristanto ◽  
Dini Kemala ◽  
Paras AC Nandhita
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Solid Waste Recycling ◽  
Waste Pickers

This article presents the informal recycling sector’s (IRS) social, economic driving factors in five cities in Indonesia and their contribution to waste management in the cities. An on-field analysis was conducted by random and incidental sampling method of questionnaire administration followed by observation. Among the respondents ( n = 178), 79% of individuals were waste pickers, 15% were small-scale waste collectors, and 6% were medium-scale waste collectors. The majority of the waste pickers sampled are male (79%). The amount of waste collected by individual waste pickers is 43.87 kg person−1 day−1, a corresponding recycling rate of approximately 12%, and an average monthly income of US$91.7. Gender differences are apparent as the male waste pickers generated higher incomes than those earned by their female counterparts (US$128.3 for men and US$69.7 for women) even as their average work hours are similar to that of the men (7.8 and 7.6 hours day−1, respectively). Economic motives are the respondents’ primary driving factors as moving to large cities accompanied by their family members. The study concluded that the IRS plays substantial contribution to waste management; further integrating them into the waste management system via IRS association, additional investment, formulation of law and policies and efforts by municipalities can give various benefits for involved stakeholders, the community and the environment. The results can serve as a significant reference for improving the solid waste recycling system and informal sector management in Indonesian cities and other developing countries.

Equitable service by a facility: Minimizing the Gini coefficient

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 3240-3246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy Drezner ◽  
Zvi Drezner ◽  
Jeffery Guyse
Keyword(s):  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
The Gini Coefficient

Sufficientarianism and the Measurement of Inequality

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-173
Author(s):  
Rudolf Schuessler
Keyword(s):  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Income Level ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Theories Of Justice ◽  
Measurement Of Inequality

Abstract What impact should sufficientarianism have on the measurement of inequality? Like other theories of justice, sufficientarianism influences how economic inequality is conceived. For the purpose of measurement, its standards of justice can be approximated by income-based thresholds of sufficiency. At which income level could a threshold of having enough be pegged in OECD countries? What would it imply for standard indicators of inequality, such as decile comparisons of cumulated income, income spreads, or the Gini coefficient? This paper suggests some answers to these questions, showing that sufficientarian ideas could make a difference with respect to the measurement of inequality in a society.

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