scholarly journals Modeling Tree Diameter Growth of Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. in the Brazilian Amazon

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1309
Author(s):  
Anderson Batista ◽  
Paula Gomides Vitor Scolforo ◽  
Henrique Ferraço Scolforo ◽  
José Marcio de Mello ◽  
Marcelino Guedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Bertholletia Excelsa ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Terra Firme Forest

Modeling the growth of Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. (B. excelsa) trees in natural forests is important for understanding the species’ ecology and for better defining site-specific management. In this sense, this study aimed to model the diameter growth rate of B. excelsa trees in contrasting forest environments in the Brazilian Amazon. This study was conducted in the Extractive Reserve Rio Cajari (RESEX Cajari). Growth models were fitted at species level to predict diameter growth rate in the two Amazonian forest environments. Subsequently, the age at which the B. excelsa tree in each forest environment reaches the minimum diameter for seed production was calculated by integrating the growth models. In each forest environment, the negative exponential behavior of the diametric growth rate of the tree species was fitted by an appropriate model. The time required for B. excelsa trees to reach the minimum diameter was shorter in the secondary forest environment when compared with that of the old growth terra firme forest (47 and 78 years to reach the diameter of 25 cm in the secondary and old growth terra firme forest, respectively). While the average growth pattern indicated higher diameter growth rates of B. excelsa in the secondary forest environment, the high level of uncertainty in the model’s estimation makes this inference complex. In conclusion, the secondary forest seems a favorable forest environment for the growth of B. excelsa trees, which may be an indicator of the potential for secondary forest environments to produce B. excelsa seeds in the future.

scholarly journals Mortality of girdled trees and survival of seedlings in canopy gaps after logging in a terra firme forest in Brazilian Amazon

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
João Olegário Pereira Carvalho ◽  
José Natalino Macedo Silva ◽  
Marcela Gomes Silva ◽  
Jaqueline Macêdo Gomes ◽  
Marisol Taffarel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Canopy Gaps ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Terra Firme Forest ◽  
Survival Of Seedlings

scholarly journals GROWTH OF Manilkara huberi AND Manilkara paraensis AFTER LOGGING AND SILVICULTURAL TREATMENTS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF PARAGOMINAS, PARÁ, BRAZIL

FLORESTA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deivison Venicio Souza ◽  
João Olegário Pereira de Carvalho ◽  
Fernanda Da Silva Mendes ◽  
Lia De Oliveira Melo ◽  
José Natalino Macedo Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Post Harvesting ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Reduced Impact Logging ◽  
Tree Girdling

AbstractThe effects of silvicultural treatments and logging on the growth rates of Manilkara huberi and Manilkara paraensis in a terra firme natural forest were evaluated. The study was performed in a Forest Management Unit (FMU) located in the municipality of Paragominas, PA. The experimental area covered 500 ha, where five treatments (100 ha each), with four replications per treatment (25 ha each), were established. The replications were randomly distributed in the 500 ha sample area of the FMU. The growth rate of trees was evaluated in the following treatments: T1 – Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) + classic liberation thinning and climber cutting; T2 – RIL + modified liberation thinning and climber cutting; T3 – RIL + climber cutting; T6 - only RIL; T7 - unlogged forest (control). Manilkara huberi and Manilkara paraensis showed good responses on diameter growth rate to the post-harvesting silvicultural treatments applied. However, considering the growth rate differences between the evaluated periods, one can say that the short time elapsed from the application of silvicultural treatments (four years) to the end of the study period does not allow to make accurate statements about the most appropriate treatment for the species, or about the intensity of the interventions to be applied.Keywords: Diameter increment; post-harvesting silviculture; tree girdling; climber cutting. ResumoCrescimento de Manilkara huberi e Manilkara paraensis após a colheita de madeira e tratamentos silviculturais, paragominas, Pará, Brasil. Foram avaliados os efeitos de tratamentos silviculturais e da colheita de madeira sobre o crescimento diamétrico das espécies Manilkara huberi e Manilkara paraensis em uma floresta natural de terra firme. A pesquisa foi conduzida em uma Unidade de Manejo Florestal (UMF), município de Paragominas, PA. A área experimental correspondeu a 500 ha, onde foram estabelecidos cinco tratamentos (100 ha cada) com quatro repetições (25 ha cada). As repetições foram distribuídas aleatoriamente na amostra de 500 ha na UMF. O crescimento das árvores foi avaliado nos seguintes tratamentos: T1 – exploração de impacto reduzido (EIR) + desbaste de liberação clássico e corte de cipós; T2 – EIR + desbaste de liberação modificado e corte de cipós; T3 – EIR + corte de cipós; T6 – apenas EIR; T7 - floresta não-explorada. Manilkara huberi e Manilkara paraensis mostraram respostas favoráveis, em termos de crescimento em diâmetro, às intervenções silviculturais pós-exploratórias aplicadas. Contudo, considerando as diferenças no incremento das árvores entre os períodos avaliados, pode-se dizer que o curto espaço de tempo decorrido da aplicação dos tratamentos silviculturais (quatro anos) ainda não permite fazer projeções precisas acerca do tratamento mais adequado às espécies, ou mesmo, da intensidade das intervenções a serem aplicadas.Palavras-chave: Incremento diamétrico; silvicultura pós-colheita; anelagem de árvores, corte de cipós.

scholarly journals Structure and Composition of Terra Firme and Seasonally Flooded Várzea Forests in the Western Brazilian Amazon

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1361
Author(s):  
Yennie K. Bredin ◽  
Joseph E. Hawes ◽  
Carlos A. Peres ◽  
Torbjørn Haugaasen
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Floodplain Forests ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Flooded Forests ◽  
Terra Firme Forest ◽  
Seasonally Flooded

Research Highlights: Rare, or sparsely distributed, species drive the floristic diversity of upland, terra firme and seasonally flooded forests in the central Juruá—a remote and hitherto floristically poorly known area in the Brazilian Amazon. Background and Objectives: Floristic inventories are critical for modelling and understanding the role of Amazonian forests in climate regulation, for sustainable management of forest resources and efficient conservation planning. Yet, detailed information about the often complex spatial distributions of many Amazonian woody plants is limited. Here, we provide information about forest structure and species composition from a remote terra firme forest and an adjacent floodplain forest in the western Brazilian Amazon. More specifically, we ask (1) how floristically different are the terra firme and floodplain forests? and (2) how variable is species composition within the same forest type? Materials and Methods: Between September 2016 and October 2017, we inventoried 97 plots (each 0.1 ha; 100 × 10 m) placed at least 800 m apart, with 46 plots in terra firme forest and 51 in seasonally flooded forest. We included all trees, hemi-epiphytes and palms with diameter at breast height (dbh) > 10 cm and woody lianas > 5 cm dbh. We examine forest structure, family- and species-level floristic composition and species diversity within and between forest types using family and species importance values, rarefaction curves and dissimilarity matrices. Results: Terra firme forest and seasonally flooded forest woody plant communities differ both in structure and species composition, which was highly variable within forest types. Many species were shared between terra firme and seasonally flooded forests, but most species were forest type-specific. Whereas species richness was greatest in the terra firme forest, floodplain species richness was among the highest regionally. Conclusions: Floodplain forests are a crucial complement to terra firme forests in terms of Amazonian woody plant diversity.

scholarly journals Precommercial Thinning Increases Spruce Yields in Boreal Mixedwoods in Alberta, Canada

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 412
Author(s):  
Ivan Bjelanovic ◽  
Phil Comeau ◽  
Sharon Meredith ◽  
Brian Roth
Keyword(s):  
Growth Models ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Projection System ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Boreal Mixedwoods ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Mixedwood Stands

A few studies in young mixedwood stands demonstrate that precommercial thinning of aspen at early ages can improve the growth of spruce and increase stand resilience to drought. However, information on tree and stand responses to thinning in older mixedwood stands is lacking. To address this need, a study was initiated in 2008 in Alberta, Canada in 14 boreal mixedwood stands (seven each at ages 17 and 22). This study investigated growth responses following thinning of aspen to five densities (0, 1000, 2500, 5000 stems ha−1 and unthinned (control)). Measurements were collected in the year of establishment, and three and eight years later. Mortality of aspen in the unthinned plots was greater than in the thinned plots which were not significantly different amongst each other. Eight years following treatment, aspen diameter was positively influenced by thinning, while there was no effect on aspen height. The density of aspen had no significant effect on the survival of planted spruce. Spruce height and diameter growth increased with both aspen thinning intensity and time since treatment. Differentiation among treatments in spruce diameter growth was evident three years from treatment, while differentiation in height was not significant until eight years following treatment. Yield projections using two growth models (Mixedwood Growth Model (MGM) and Growth and Yield Projection System (GYPSY)) were initialized using data from the year eight re-measurements. Results indicate that heavy precommercial aspen thinning (to ~1000 aspen crop trees ha−1) can result in an increase in conifer merchantable volume without reducing aspen volume at the time of harvest. However, light to moderate thinning (to ~2500 aspen stems ha−1 or higher), is unlikely to result in gains in either deciduous or conifer merchantable harvest volume over those of unthinned stands.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities along a pedo-hydrological gradient in a Central Amazonian terra firme forest

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rejane de Oliveira Freitas ◽  
Erika Buscardo ◽  
Laszlo Nagy ◽  
Alex Bruno dos Santos Maciel ◽  
Rosilaine Carrenho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Terra Firme Forest ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal

Structure of Economic Growth of the Countries of the Eurasian Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 112-123
Author(s):  
Oleg S. Sukharev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Structural Formula ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Macroeconomic Analysis ◽  
Investment Structure

The purpose of the study is to determine the existing growth models of the countries of the Eurasian Union by GDP expenditures and sectors (manufacturing, transactional raw materials). The research methodology is a macroeconomic analysis of the dynamics of the main indicator of economic development — gross domestic product. The research method is a structural analysis that allows you to get a structural formula for calculating the contribution of each component of GDP to the growth rate, as well as a comparative analysis of the dynamics models of the countries in question — Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia. The result of the study is the obtained structural relationships that make it possible to measure the influence of the investment structure on the growth rate, the criteria describing economic growth with a corresponding change in the country's national wealth, as well as the identification of models of economic dynamics by the countries of the Eurasian Union. It is indicative that the transaction sector dominates in Kazakhstan and Russia, while in other countries a mixed model is found, or industrial growth as in Belarus. According to the components of GDP and expenditures of the country, either a mixed or a consumer model is found (Kyrgyzstan, Russia), however, the contribution of government spending to the growth rate is provided only in Kazakhstan. It was also revealed that the reaction to the crisis of 2009 and 2015 was fundamentally different for the countries of the Eurasian Union. The search for the factor conditions of such a prevailing dynamics, as well as the influence of union economic relations on the formation of a growth model in each country, requires an expansion of research and an analytical perspective

scholarly journals TREE DIAMETER GROWTH FOLLOWING SILVICULTURAL TREATMENTS IN A SEMI-DECIDUOUS SECONDARY FOREST IN CENTRAL BRAZIL

CERNE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Venturoli ◽  
Augusto César Franco ◽  
Christopher William Fagg
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Timber Market

In the Cerrado biome of Brazil, savannas and dry forests are intimately linked and form mosaics. These forests are composed of species of high commercial value, well accepted in the timber market, which causes intensive deforestation on the remaining vegetation. Thus, the management of these forests is an important alternative to reduce deforestation in the remaining vegetation. The objective of this study was to analyze the response of tree species in relation to silvicultural treatments of competition and liana cutting in a semi-deciduous forest in Central Brazil. The results showed that community basal area increased 24% over 4.8 years and the median periodic annual increment in diameter was about 20% higher in plots with silvicultural treatments: 2.9 mm.yr-1 in the control compared to 3.2 mm.yr-1 to 3.6 mm.yr-1 between treatments. This study demonstrated that it is possible to increase the rates of radial growth through silvicultural techniques.

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