scholarly journals Species, Climatypes, Climate Change, and Forest Health: A Conversion of Science to Practice for Inland Northwest (USA) Forests

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1237
Author(s):  
Gerald E. Rehfeldt ◽  
Marcus V. Warwell ◽  
Robert A. Monserud
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Inland Northwest ◽  
Forested Landscapes

Research Highlights: This paper integrates disparate research results pertaining to climate change impacts to 12 co-occurring forest tree species and their climatypes such that management options for the ecosystem as a whole become discernible. Background and Objectives: The ecosystem under analysis is the Thuja-Tsuga forest ecosystem, occupying ca. 121,500 km2 in a largely mountainous setting in the interior northwest, USA. Our goal is to present land management options tied directly to climate-change in a straightforward framework for both the current and future generations. Materials and Methods: By merging synecological and genecological concepts in a climatic framework, we simplify complex interactions in a manner that relates directly to climate change impacts. Species and climatype distributions are redefined in terms of mean annual temperature and elevation of forested landscapes. Results: For each 2 °C increase in temperature, plant associations should shift upwards ca. 400 m, provided precipitation remains at or near contemporary levels, which, for this ecosystem, vary between 300 mm and 1450 mm. Management guidelines are developed for (a) selecting climatypes of the species suited to the climate at the leading edge of the migration front, (b) anticipating decline at the trailing edge, and (c) converting climatypes in areas where species should persist. Conclusions: Our results can provide robust strategies for adapting forest management to the effects of climate change, but their effectiveness is dependent on the implementation of global warming mitigation actions.

scholarly journals A review of low-carbon adaptation model to climate change in rural farming households

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022026
Author(s):  
T Kushnarenko ◽  
V Makeev ◽  
M G Debesai
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
Farming Households

Abstract Climate change is one of the greatest environmental issues of our time and involves complex interactions and changing likelihoods of diverse impacts. Individuals, communities and organizations have, through time, developed adaptive capacities to climate change impacts. This paper assesses by reviewing existing literature on the adaptation of the low carbon model to climate change by rural farming households in developing countries. It has identified the social, economic and environmental impacts of climate change from a vast review of the literature. The commonly used low carbon assessment models, from rural farming household’s point of view, have been identified as agricultural and economic models. It was found that farming practices were common and easy used adaptation models to low carbon situations. It was further indicated that complex economic models – partial equilibrium and general equilibrium - were used to assess the efficiency of adaptation options. Marker failures, policy failures and climate uncertainties were the main barriers to the low carbon adaption model. Although not easy, some remedies for adaptation barriers have been identified as policy reforms, government intervention, introducing various adaptation approaches such as early warning systems, disaster risk management, climate-smart agriculture and insurance systems.

scholarly journals Integrated Modeling of Water Supply and Demand Under Climate Change Impacts and Management Options in Tributary Basin of Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2462
Author(s):  
Tharo Touch ◽  
Chantha Oeurng ◽  
Yanan Jiang ◽  
Ali Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Environmental Flow ◽  
Integrated Modeling ◽  
Supply Management ◽  
Management Options ◽  
The Future

An integrated modeling approach analyzing water demand and supply balances under management options in a river basin is essential for the management and adaptive measures of water resources in the future. This study evaluated the impacts of climate change on the hydrological regime by predicting the change in both monthly and seasonal streamflow, and identified water supply and demand relations under supply management options and environmental flow maintenance. To reach a better understanding of the consequences of possible climate change scenarios and adaptive management options on water supply, an integrated modeling approach was conducted by using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) and water evaluation and planning model (WEAP). Future scenarios were developed for the future period: 2060s (2051–2070), using an ensemble of three general circulation model (GCM) simulations: GFDL-CM3, GISS-E2-R-CC, and IPSL-CM5A-MR, driven by the climate projection for representative concentration pathways (RCPs): 6.0 (medium emission scenario). The results indicated that, firstly, the future streamflow will decrease, resulting in a decline of future water availability. Secondly, water supply under natural flow conditions would support 46,167 ha of irrigation schemes and the water shortages will be more noticeable when environmental flow maintenance was considered. The study concludes that reservoir construction would be necessary for agriculture mitigation and adaptation to climate change. Furthermore, the water resources management options considering both supply and demand management are more effective and useful than supply management only, particularly in dealing with climate change impacts.

Template for Assessing Climate Change Impacts and Management Options: TACCIMO user guide version 2.2

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emrys Treasure ◽  
Steven McNulty ◽  
Jennifer Moore Myers ◽  
Lisa Nicole Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Management Options

scholarly journals Climate change impacts on agriculture and livelihoods in Sirdibas, Manaslu conservation area, Gorkha

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 89-106
Author(s):  
Ashish Rai ◽  
Deepak K Rijal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Livelihood Options ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Socioeconomic Data

This research assesses impacts of climate change in agriculture and livelihood at Sirdibas village, Gorkha district. Apart from the review of literature, analysis of climatic and socioeconomic data, field data were collected using some selected participatory tools techniques and household survey. The analysis revealed an increased trend on mean annual temperature at the rate of 0.05°C/year while annual mean rainfall is increasing at the rate of 0.995 mm/year while the winter rainfall was in decreasing trend. Increased dry spell and rise in temperature have reduced cropping period both for summer and winter crops. An increased productivity of maize, wheat and millet over years has shown a decreasing trend in the recent years, due to intense off season rainfall followed by water logging. Shifting of farming communities to other businesses also decreased crop yield. Out-migrations have caused decreased crop yield. Along with climate change impacts change, government policy and shifting peoples' livelihood options have impacted agriculture.

scholarly journals Ecology and Evolution of Marine Fungi With Their Adaptation to Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinit Kumar ◽  
V. Venkateswara Sarma ◽  
Kasun M. Thambugala ◽  
Jun-Jie Huang ◽  
Xiang-Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Marine Fungi ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Adaptation Mechanism ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Marine Habitats

Climate change agitates interactions between organisms and the environment and forces them to adapt, migrate, get replaced by others, or extinct. Marine environments are extremely sensitive to climate change that influences their ecological functions and microbial community including fungi. Fungi from marine habitats are engaged and adapted to perform diverse ecological functions in marine environments. Several studies focus on how complex interactions with the surrounding environment affect fungal evolution and their adaptation. However, a review addressing the adaptation of marine fungi to climate change is still lacking. Here we have discussed the adaptations of fungi in the marine environment with an example of Hortaea werneckii and Aspergillus terreus which may help to reduce the risk of climate change impacts on marine environments and organisms. We address the ecology and evolution of marine fungi and the effects of climate change on them to explain the adaptation mechanism. A review of marine fungal adaptations will show widespread effects on evolutionary biology and the mechanism responsible for it.

Natural and human systems of the Andes under climate change: local detection and attribution assessment of impacts in physical, biological and human systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Ochoa-Sánchez ◽  
Fabian Drenkhan ◽  
Dáithí Stone ◽  
Daniel Mendoza ◽  
Ronald Gualán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Anthropogenic Climate Change ◽  
Andean Region ◽  
Detection And Attribution ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Human Systems

<p>Physical, biological, and human systems in mountain regions are highly sensitive to climate change due to strong feedbacks and low resilience. Detection of changes and attribution of them to climate and non-climate drivers provides ongoing monitoring of complex interactions of coupled natural and human systems and improving scientific assessments that inform mitigation and adaptation practices. In the IPCC 5<sup>th</sup> Assessment Report published in 2014, Central and South America was the region with the least evidence available for detection and attribution (D&A) of climate change impacts. Since then, much more evidence has accumulated due to an increasing number of studies detecting impacts in the Andean region. In this study, we therefore performed a systematic literature review of climate change impacts and made a local D&A expert impact assessment for a total of 12 natural and human systems in the Andes. We found the following confidence levels of detection and attribution of each impact for each system: medium and high, respectively, for energy; high and high, for snow and ice, tourism, and cultural values; high and medium for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, disasters, human health and migration; and medium and medium for agriculture and water systems. A total number of 65 sample impacts (in aggregate or case study form) could be attributed to climate change. Climate change was especially important in glacio-hydrological systems (49%) and terrestrial ecosystems (15%). Among the impacts that could be attributed to climate change with high confidence, snow and ice system dominated. About half of the total impact samples were attributed with medium confidence, of which 35% corresponded to water systems and 16% to agriculture. Finally, 14% of all impacts were assessed with low attribution confidence. Important results include: (1) glacier retreat leads to important cascading effects affecting most of the systems in the Andes; these impacts were primarily attributed to temperature increase caused by anthropogenic climate change; (2) numerous terrestrial and aquatic Andean ecosystems have been affected by climate change (e.g. upward plant colonization, changes in the abundance and distribution of species), and most of these impacts could be attributed to anthropogenic climate change; and (3) community changes and loss of cultural values are among the strongest impacts of human systems that were attributed to climate change; a broad set of studies detected that Andean communities perceived changes in their highly preserved long-standing cultural and spiritual rituals and cosmovision. These findings are key to understand current climate change impacts in the Andean region, and to advance our understanding of complex interactions of coupled natural and human systems in order to put particular attention on integrated scientific assessments and leverage local decision-making and management practices.</p>

Climate change impacts on crop yields in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climate Change Impacts
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