scholarly journals Biodiversity of the Cocoa Agroforests of the Bengamisa-Yangambi Forest Landscape in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1096
Author(s):  
Germain Batsi ◽  
Denis Jean Sonwa ◽  
Lisette Mangaza ◽  
Jérôme Ebuy ◽  
Jean-Marie Kahindo
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Cocoa Agroforestry ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Impact

Cocoa agroforestry has evolved into an accepted natural resource conservation strategy in the tropics. It is regularly proposed as one of the main uses for REDD+ projects (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. However, few studies have characterized the cocoa agroforestry systems in this country. Hence, this research proposes to determine the impact of distance from Kisangani (the unique city in the landscape) and land-use intensity on the floristic composition of cocoa agroforests in Bengamisa-Yangambi forest landscape in the Congo Basin. The results revealed that species diversity and density of plants associated with cocoa are influenced by the distance from Kisangani (the main city in the landscape and province). Farmers maintain/introduce trees that play one or more of several roles. They may host caterpillars, provide food, medicine, or timber, or deliver other functions such as providing shade to the cocoa tree. Farmers maintain plants with edible products (mainly oil palms) in their agroforests more than other plants. Thus, these agroforests play key roles in conserving the floristic diversity of degraded areas. As cocoa agroforestry has greater potential for production, biodiversity conservation, and environmental protection, it should be used to slow down or even stop deforestation and forest degradation.

scholarly journals Proximate Causes of Forest Degradation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Vary in Space and Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie C. Shapiro ◽  
Katie P. Bernhard ◽  
Stefano Zenobi ◽  
Daniel Müller ◽  
Naikoa Aguilar-Amuchastegui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Proximate Causes ◽  
The Impact

Forest degradation, generally defined as a reduction in the delivery of forest ecosystem services, can have long-term impacts on biodiversity, climate, and local livelihoods. The quantification of forest degradation, its dynamics and proximate causes can help prompt early action to mitigate carbon emissions and inform relevant land use policies. The Democratic Republic of the Congo is largely forested with a relatively low deforestation rate, but anthropogenic degradation has been increasing in recent years. We assess the impact of eight independent variables related to land cover, land use, infrastructure, armed conflicts, and accessibility on forest degradation, measured by the Forest Condition (FC) index, a measure of forest degradation based on biomass history and fragmentation that ranges from 0 (completely deforested) to 100 (intact). We employ spatial panel models with fixed effects using regular 25 × 25 km units over five 3-year intervals from 2002 to 2016. The regression results suggest that the presence of swamp ecosystems, low access (defined by high travel time), and forest concessions are associated with lower forest degradation, while built up area, fire frequency, armed conflicts result in greater forest degradation. The impact of neighboring units on FC shows that all variables within the 50 km spatial neighborhood have a greater effect on FC than the on-site spatial determinants, indicating the greater influence of drivers beyond the 25 km2 unit. In the case of protected areas, we unexpectedly find that protection in neighboring locations leads to higher forest degradation, suggesting a potential leakage effect, while protected areas in the local vicinity have a positive influence on FC. The Mann-Kendall trend statistic of occurrences of fires and conflicts over the time period and until 2020 show that significant increases in conflicts and fires are spatially divergent. Overall, our results highlight how assessing the proximate causes of forest degradation with spatiotemporal analysis can support targeted interventions and policies to reduce forest degradation but spillover effects of proximal drivers in neighboring areas need to be considered.

Conflicts in Biafra, Katanga and Cabinda as a result of the geopolitical legacy of colonialism

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-3) ◽  
pp. 238-246
Author(s):  
Olga Dzhenchakova
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the impact of the colonial past of some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and its effect on their development during the post-colonial period. The negative consequences of the geopolitical legacy of colonialism are shown on the example of three countries: Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Angola, expressed in the emergence of conflicts in these countries based on ethno-cultural, religious and socio-economic contradictions. At the same time, the focus is made on the economic factor and the consequences of the consumer policy of the former metropolises pursuing their mercantile interests were mixed.

scholarly journals The impact of support programmes for survivors of sexual violence: micro-level evidence from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Amisi ◽  
Rosalie Biaba Apassa ◽  
Aline Cikara ◽  
Gudrun Østby ◽  
Ragnhild Nordås ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Support Programmes ◽  
The Impact

Multi-Temporal Landsat Remote Sensing for Forest Landscape Fragmentation Analysis in the Yoko Forest, Kisangani, DRC

2019 ◽  
pp. 1477-1496
Author(s):  
Jean-Fiston Mikwa Ngamba ◽  
Ewango Corneille Ekokinya ◽  
Cush Ngonzo Luwesi ◽  
Yves-Dady Botula Kahindo ◽  
Muhogwa Jean Marie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Landsat Imagery ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Multi Temporal

This study assessed the impact of human activities on deforestation and sustainability of water resources and livelihoods in the Congo Basin. It mainly aimed to assess forest degradation in the Yoko reserve from 1976 to 2015 and investigate the compatibility of Landsat imagery for forest monitoring. Digital Image processing for unsupervised classification was done using ENVI software while supervised classification was done by means of ArcGIS 10. Results show that forest landscape faced large scale human induced fragmentation over the last 40 years. If these trends continue, they will affect the sustainability of water resources and livelihoods in the Congo Basin of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Hence, policy makers need to look at key drivers and address impacts that may threaten the future of Hydrological Ecosystems Services, including water and land resources in the Congo Basin. Authorities have to apply an Integrated Management of Water, Land and Ecosystems.

scholarly journals Living under a Fluctuating Climate and a Drying Congo Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2936
Author(s):  
Denis Jean Sonwa ◽  
Mfochivé Oumarou Farikou ◽  
Gapia Martial ◽  
Fiyo Losembe Félix
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
Environmental Actions ◽  
Equatorial Forest

Humid conditions and equatorial forest in the Congo Basin have allowed for the maintenance of significant biodiversity and carbon stock. The ecological services and products of this forest are of high importance, particularly for smallholders living in forest landscapes and watersheds. Unfortunately, in addition to deforestation and forest degradation, climate change/variability are impacting this region, including both forests and populations. We developed three case studies based on field observations in Cameroon, the Central African Republic, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, as well as information from the literature. Our key findings are: (1) the forest-related water cycle of the Congo Basin is not stable, and is gradually changing; (2) climate change is impacting the water cycle of the basin; and, (3) the slow modification of the water cycle is affecting livelihoods in the Congo Basin. Developmental and environmental actions in the Congo Basin need to properly consider the slight modification of this water cycle in watersheds that affect products and services from the forest.

scholarly journals The Impact of Different Types of Violence on Ebola Virus Transmission During the 2018–2020 Outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (12) ◽  
pp. 2021-2029
Author(s):  
John Daniel Kelly ◽  
Sarah Rae Wannier ◽  
Cyrus Sinai ◽  
Caitlin A Moe ◽  
Nicole A Hoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Health Zone ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Violent Events

Abstract Background Our understanding of the different effects of targeted versus nontargeted violence on Ebola virus (EBOV) transmission in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is limited. Methods We used time-series data of case counts to compare individuals in Ebola-affected health zones in DRC, April 2018–August 2019. Exposure was number of violent events per health zone, categorized into Ebola-targeted or Ebola-untargeted, and into civilian-induced, (para)military/political, or protests. Outcome was estimated daily reproduction number (Rt) by health zone. We fit linear time-series regression to model the relationship. Results Average Rt was 1.06 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.11). A mean of 2.92 violent events resulted in cumulative absolute increase in Rt of 0.10 (95% CI, .05–.15). More violent events increased EBOV transmission (P = .03). Considering violent events in the 95th percentile over a 21-day interval and its relative impact on Rt, Ebola-targeted events corresponded to Rt of 1.52 (95% CI, 1.30–1.74), while civilian-induced events corresponded to Rt of 1.43 (95% CI, 1.21–1.35). Untargeted events corresponded to Rt of 1.18 (95% CI, 1.02–1.35); among these, militia/political or ville morte events increased transmission. Conclusions Ebola-targeted violence, primarily driven by civilian-induced events, had the largest impact on EBOV transmission.

scholarly journals Fragile States Index Considering Climate Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Geng-Jian Zhou ◽  
Qiao-Xu Qin ◽  
Wei-Zhou Lin ◽  
Yuan-Biao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Fragile States ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
The Past ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Intervention Policy ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
The Impact

Over the past few decades, the Earth’s climate has undergone conspicuous changes, some of which have a profound impact on social and governmental systems. The purpose of this paper is to establish a model for measuring national fragile and the impact of climate change on a country. For this purpose, we first define the Fragile States Index (FSI) to measure the fragility of a country based on population, crime rate and education, which are the three aspects that most countries or regions will focus on. Second, we use the FSI to illustrate how climate change affects the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Third, we analyze the definitive indicators of Indonesia and predict the changes of FSI. Finally, the effects of each intervention policy were obtained by analyzing Indonesia’s intervention policy on environmental change. To provide ideas for intervention on climate change.

scholarly journals Polio immunity and the impact of mass immunization campaigns in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Vaccine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (42) ◽  
pp. 5693-5699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arend Voorman ◽  
Nicole A. Hoff ◽  
Reena H. Doshi ◽  
Vivian Alfonso ◽  
Patrick Mukadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Mass Immunization ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Freshwater diatoms in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a historical overview of the research and publications

PhytoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 107-125
Author(s):  
Christine Cocquyt ◽  
Edit Lokele Ndjombo ◽  
Simon Tutu Tsamemba ◽  
Hippolyte Nshimba Seya wa Malale
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
East African ◽  
Dr Congo ◽  
African Lakes ◽  
Freshwater Diatoms ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Almost All ◽  
East African Lakes ◽  
Local Research

An overview of the diatom research in the DR Congo is given based on literature data starting in 1938 with the work of Zanon and excluding the East African Lakes as these were already discussed in previous papers. For each literature record the diatom genera mentioned are presented as well as all diatom taxa described from the Congo as new. In total, 106 new taxa were documented, of which Nitzschia with 40 taxa is far the most important genus followed by Navicula s.l. and Pinnularia and with 15 and 13 taxa respectively. Particular attention was paid to the local research of students found in unpublished theses at bachelor, licentiate, master and PhD level. Diatom records in these works are almost all restricted to genus level, although in the last decade an attempt to delimit species can be observed. This accompanies the renewed taxonomic interest in the Congo basin during the last decade. Renewed taxonomic interest can also be seen in the genera: the first period being situated during the lumping period, while more recent works follow the current taxonomic classification, for example Navicula s.l. versus Navicula, Cavinula, Craticula, Diadesmis, Geissleria, Humidophila, Luticola, etc.

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