scholarly journals The Induction of Adventitious Roots Regeneration before Transplanting Rootless Ficus elastica Heritage Tree

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1057
Author(s):  
Nelson Li ◽  
Pei-Chun Tu ◽  
Kuo-Chin Lo ◽  
Yu-Sen Chang
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Rooting Ability ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Aerial Roots ◽  
Heritage Trees ◽  
Heritage Tree

Heritage trees carry both botanical and historical value for a city’s resilience and sustainability and hence are precious and unique. Their transplant is costly and very rare due to tremendous cost and 100% survival requirement by law. Rootless transplant is even more detrimental to the heritage tree due to removal of roots infected by brown root rot (BRR) before transplanting. This study examined the adventitious roots (AR) induction ability of the Ficus elastica Roxb. heritage tree infected with BRR. The experimental design considered three factors: root diameter (RD), wounding method (WM), and auxin solution on aerial roots under fractional factorial experiment in completely randomized design (CRD). There were four RD groups: RDI (RD < 2 cm), RDII (2 ≤ RD ≤ 4.3 cm), RDIII (4.3 < RD ≤ 22), and RDIV (RD > 22); three WMs: cutting off (CF), girdling (GD), and rectangular shape peeling (RP) of aerial roots; and three auxin solutions: 2000 mg·L−1 IBA(Indole-3-butyric acid) (2B), 2000 mg·L−1 IBA + 2000 mg·L−1 NAA(1-Naphthaleneacetic acid) (2NB), and 4000 mg·L−1 IBA (4B) plus water as control (C). The number of rooting wounds, number of roots, and the mean length of the three longest adventitious roots in each wound were recorded to evaluate the AR rooting performance. Twenty four treatment combinations including 328 wounds were tested. The results showed that rooting ability was significantly correlated with RD and WM. Smaller RDs had better rooting and declined with increased RDs. CF had the best rooting followed by GD and then RP. Auxin solution did not significantly affect the rooting ability. It may be due to the abundant endogenous auxin in the heritage tree, which mitigated the effect of exogenous auxin for AR induction. We conclude that cutting off small-diameter aerial roots is the best approach to induce ARs from rootless F. elastica heritage trees to enhance transplantation success.

scholarly journals Effect of growth regulators on 'Brookfield' apple gas diffusion and metabolism under controlled atmosphere storage

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Auri Brackmann ◽  
Fabio Rodrigo Thewes ◽  
Rogerio de Oliveira Anese ◽  
Vanderlei Both
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Internal Space ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Ethylene Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of growth regulators on gas diffusion and on metabolism of 'Brookfield' apple, and to determine their correlation with quality characteristics of fruit stored in controlled atmosphere. A completely randomized design was used with four replicates. After eight months of storage, the effects of water (control), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), AVG + ethephon, AVG + naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), ethephon + NAA, sole NAA, 1-MCP, ethylene absorption by potassium permanganate (ABS), AVG + ABS, and of AVG + 1-MCP - applied at different rates and periods - were evaluated on: gas diffusion rate, ethylene production, respiratory rate, internal ethylene concentration, internal CO2 content, mealiness, and intercellular space. Fruit from the control and sole NAA treatments had the highest mealiness occurrence. Growth regulators significantly changed the gaseous diffusion through the pulp of 'Brookfield' apple, mainly in the treatment AVG + ABS, which kept the highest gas diffusion rate. NAA spraying in the field, with or without another growth regulator, increased ripening metabolism by rising ethylene production and respiration rate, and reduced gas diffusion during shelf life. AVG spraying cannot avoid the ethephon effect during the ripening process, and reduces both the internal space and mealiness incidence, but it is not able to induce ethylene production or to increase respiration rates.

scholarly journals The Beliefs and Aesthetics of Isaan Heritage Trees

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Surasak Sornsena ◽  
Preechawut Apirating ◽  
Sipp Suksamran
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The People ◽  
Study Results ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Art Elements ◽  
Heritage Trees ◽  
Heritage Tree

This article is a part of a Doctoral Thesis titled “Isaan Heritage Tree: From the Belief and the Aesthetic to the Creation of Visual Arts,” with the objectives of studying the belief and the aesthetic that exist in the Isaan Heritage Tree using the qualitative method. The study’s target groups can be divided into three following groups: the experts, the practitioners, and the related people. The area of study is in the Isaan region. The region is divided into upper Isaan, mid-Isaan, and lower Isaan. The research tools consist of surveys, non-participatory observation, and structured and non-structured interviews. The data collected from documents and field data was analyzed using Aesthetic Theory and Symbolic Interactionism Theory and presented using descriptive analysis.  The study results show that Isaan has a long history and development both in geography, the administration, society, the culture, and the migration of people who came to settle in the area from Luang Phrabang, Vientiane, and Champasak. This had caused the people and nation’s coming together and led to social management, which consists of regulations, religion, and belief. The beliefs of the Isaan people are connected to forest spirits, household spirits, or tree spirits. Five following characteristics of the Heritage Trees were also found: 1) The traditional beliefs related to the Heritage Trees of Isaan. 2) The new belief. 3) The beliefs that are connected to the locations. 4) The beliefs in the tree spirits whose identity and gender cannot be identified. 5) Auspicious and inauspicious beliefs. There are three aspects for the aesthetics: Aesthetic elements are the feeling of amazement due to the gigantic size filled with astonishment, mystery, and the fear of power. The interesting aspects of Art elements are the unity and relationship to the seasons, such as the Fall season, Rainy Season, and the blooming of flowers that contribute to the changes in the aesthetics changes. The visual art elements consist of six following components; bodies and shapes, lines, colors, textures, light and shadows, and area. It was found that the gigantic size and height cause amazements to the viewers. The physical lines of the Isaan Heritage trees were the lines along the trunks, the lines on the branches, and the lines that go along the leaves and flowers. There are different colors of the trunk, the leaves, and the flowers. The texture was rough, harsh, and the cracks follow the same directions as the trunk. There are botanical differences in the light and shadows of the heritage trees. As for the area, there are differences between the area of the heritage trees and the surrounding areas, as well as the differences within the Isaan Heritage Trees area.   Received: 25 January 2021 / Accepted: 31 March 2021 / Published: 10 May 2021

Temporal variations in the rooting ability of cuttings of Populusbalsamifera and Salixplanifolia from natural clones–populations of subarctic Quebec

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2603-2608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Houle ◽  
Patrice Babeux
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Rooting Ability ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Site Restoration ◽  
Great Root

Temporal variations in the rooting ability of cuttings from five clones of Populusbalsamifera L. and five populations of Salixplanifolia Pursh from the Great Whale River valley in subarctic Quebec were determined. Cuttings were sampled monthly from May through October and rooted in a greenhouse. Root number and length of the longest root per cutting were determined 35 days after planting. There were significant variations among the six sampling dates in the rooting potential of cuttings of both species. A higher percentage of cuttings formed adventitious roots in May and June before or shortly after bud break than later, during the growing season; root number and length followed a similar trend. There was an increase in the rooting ability of cuttings of both species towards the fall period. Salixplanifolia produced more roots per cutting than P. balsamifera early in the season (i.e., May and June), but later in the season the differences between the two species were not great; root length showed no such trend. Differences among clones–populations in the rooting potential of cuttings were large for both species. Coefficients of variation for root number were lower in spring than later, during the growing season, for both P. balsamifera and S. planifolia. Seasonal trends in coefficients of variation for root length were not as evident as for root number. These results have significant implications for site restoration in the Subarctic. To optimize the rooting ability of cuttings and minimize the differences among clones–populations in rooting potential, cuttings should be sampled early in the season before bud break or shortly thereafter.

scholarly journals Determining the Rooting Ability of Hardwood Cuttings of Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cv. ‘Bluecrop’ Stored in Refrigerating Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Sabri Braha ◽  
Petrit Rama ◽  
Agim Zajmi
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
Rooting Ability ◽  
Time Periods

This experiment has been carried out in order to determine the rooting ability of hardwood cuttings of the blueberry cultivar ‘Bluecrop’ collected during the deep dormant winter period in the last part of January. In order to induce the adventitious roots formation, the cuttings were stimulated using Indol Butyric Acid (IBA) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) in various concentrations (1500, 3000, 4500 ppm), whilst one row in each box remained intact (control).  The collection of cuttings off the mother plant at the beginning of January enable the nutrients and other matter that help the process of rooting not to move from the base of cutting towards the top and consequently they remain at the base of cutting which results with quite a high rooting percentage (up to 72.5%) compared to the cuttings collected in February with rooting percentage of 67.5% and in March (52%). In both types of substrate, turf and turf-perlite 2:1 and in different time periods when cuttings have been collected, IBA proved to be better in inducing adventitious roots compared to NAA.

Naphthaleneacetic acid suppresses peroxidase activity during the induction of adventitious roots in soybean hypocotyls

2002 ◽  
Vol 159 (12) ◽  
pp. 1349-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ming Chen ◽  
Jiin-Tsuey Cheng ◽  
Ei-Lu Chen ◽  
Tien-Joung Yiu ◽  
Zin-Huang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF CHROMIUM STRESS ON MICRO-ANATOMICAL PROFILE OF CHILI (Capsicum annuum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Nur Fitrianto ◽  
Siti Samiyarsih ◽  
Dede Winda Nur Fauziah ◽  
Sri Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Root Diameter ◽  
Chromium Concentration ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Stomata Size ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Chromium Stress ◽  
Cuticle Thickness ◽  
Stomatal Number

Chromium contamination can affect morphological, physiological, and anatomical changes, especially in chili vegetative organs. This research aims to understand micro-anatomical structure of the vegetative organs of chili subjected to chromium stress. The aim of the research is to know whether there is a micro-anatomical character difference between contaminated and uncontaminated chromium. The experimental methods using a completely randomized design (CRD). The independent variable is five levels of chromium concentration, i.e., 0; 50; 100; 200; and 300 ppm. The method of preparing anatomical preparations of the stem using a non-embedding and embedding method. The parameters observed in root and stem are organ diameter, xylem, thick of epidermis, and cortex. In contrast, leaf organ parameter includes thick cuticle, epidermis, mesophyll, stomata size (length and width), and stomatal number. The research results showed that organ anatomical structure, i.e., root, stem, and leaf in chromium stress condition did not change. Chromium deposition causes a decrease in root diameter, xylem, thick cortex roots, stem diameter, xylem, the thickness of the epidermis and cortex, leaf epidermal thickness, mesophyll, size of stomata width and number. In contrast, the chromium stress causes an increase in the thickness of the root epidermis (43,18%), cuticle thickness (36,36%), and leaf stomata length (33,33%) of chili as chromium concentrations increase. The anatomical structure of chili leaves changes after being contaminated chromium stress. 

scholarly journals Respon Berbagai Sumber Bahan Stek terhadap Kemampuan Berakar Stek Alstonia scholaris (L) R. Br. sebagai Upaya Penyediaan Bibit untuk Lahan Terdegradasi

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Kiki Ayunda Putri ◽  
Suwirmen Suwirmen ◽  
Zozy Aneloi Noli
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Degraded Lands ◽  
Science Faculty ◽  
Biology Department ◽  
Rooting Ability ◽  
Alstonia Scholaris ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Effort Provision

The research about  the respon  of the material cuttings retrieval on rooting ability of  Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. Cuttings  in an effort provision of seeds for Degraded lands ,  conducted from October until December 2015 at Physiology Plant Laboratorium of Biology Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty of Andalas University, Padang. The aim of this research to found the best  material cuttings on A. scholaris. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method. The treatments were the basal (A), the middle (B), and the apical (C). The results showed that the apical was the best material cuttings, with a average number of roots (3.967), and the average of root dry weights (0.832)g. The conclusion of this research is the that material cuttings of apical is the bst one for Pulai cutting.

scholarly journals Drought and salinity affect leaf and root anatomical structures in three maize genotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Injamum Ul Hoque ◽  
Md Nesar Uddin ◽  
Md Solaiman Ali Fakir ◽  
Md Rasel
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Salt And Drought Stress ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions ◽  
Salt And Drought Stresses

Salt and drought stresses are being quite similar considered as two major constraints in maize production. To explore the anatomical bases of resistance to salt and drought stresses, 14 days old seedlings of three maize hybrid genotypes were subjected to salt (100 mM NaCl) and drought stress (equiosmotic PEG-6000) under hydroponic conditions. The experiment was laid out following a completely randomized design having four replicates. Root protoxylem and metaxylem thickness and root diameter were found to be unaffected in both of the drought resistant genotypes in response to salt and drought stresses whereas root protoxylem thickness increased (33.8 and 112.8% by salt and drought stress, respectively) in sensitive genotype (BARI hybrid maize-7). Bundle sheath thickness was found to increase in response to stresses (58.4 and 59.3% by salt and drought stress, respectively) in BARI hybrid maize-12. BARI hybrid maize-12 showed unaffected response in leaf epidermal thickness, phloem area, xylem area and total leaf thickness under both salt and drought stressesJ. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(1): 47-55, April 2018

scholarly journals Doğanın Mirası: Anıt Ağaçlar

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zöhre Polat
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Heritage Trees ◽  
Heritage Tree

Heritage trees are naturel heritages. Heritage trees are typically a large, individual tree with unique value, which is considered irreplaceable. The major criteria for heritage tree designation are age, rarity, and size, as well as aesthetic, botanical, ecological, and historical value. Today many researcher’s focus on recording,, protection and management strategies of heritage trees. Counties have different strategies about heritage trees. The aims of the study are; (1) Preserving the characteristics of being heritage trees, (2) Present suggestions for record, protection and management strategies of heritage trees in Turkey.

scholarly journals Growth and Anatomical Parameters of Adventitious Roots Formed on Mung Bean Hypocotyls Are Correlated with Galactoglucomannan Oligosaccharides Structure

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kollárová ◽  
I. Zelko ◽  
M. Henselová ◽  
P. Capek ◽  
D. Lišková
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Exogenous Auxin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Galactoglucomannan Oligosaccharides

The effect of galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides (GGMOs) compared with chemically modified oligosaccharides, GGMOs-g (with reduced number of D-galactose side chains) and GGMOs-r (with reduced reducing ends) on mung bean (Vigna radiata(L.) Wilczek) adventitious roots formation, elongation, and anatomical structure have been studied. All types of oligosaccharides influenced adventitious root formation in the same way: stimulation in the absence of exogenous auxin and inhibition in the presence of exogenous auxin. Both reactions are probably related with the presence/content of endogenous auxin in plant cuttings. However, the adventitious root length was inhibited by GGMOs both in the absence as well as in the presence of auxin (IBA or NAA), while GGMOs-g inhibition was significantly weaker compared with GGMOs. GGMOs-r were without significant difference on both processes, compared with GGMOs. GGMOs affected not only the adventitious root length but also their anatomy in dependence on the combination with certain type of auxin. The oligosaccharides influenced cortical cells division, which was reflected in the cortex area and in the root diameter. All processes followed were dependent on oligosaccharides chemical structure. The results suggest also that GGM-derived oligosaccharides may play an important role in adventitious roots elongation but not in their formation.

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