scholarly journals Investigation of Pinewood Nematodes in Pinus tabuliformis Carr. under Low-Temperature Conditions in Fushun, China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 993
Author(s):  
Long Pan ◽  
Rong Cui ◽  
Yongxia Li ◽  
Yuqian Feng ◽  
Xingyao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Pinus Tabuliformis ◽  
Epidemic Area ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Pinewood Nematodes

In recent years, the pinewood nematode has continuously adapted to low-temperature environments and expanded from the South to the North of China. In December 2018, a large area of pinewood nematode was suspected to be harmful to Pinus tabuliformis under natural conditions in Fushun City, Liaoning Province. In order to clarify the low-temperature environment and population characteristics of pinewood nematodes in this new epidemic area, we analyzed the difference in temperature between the inside and outside of P. tabuliformis in low-temperature environments, conducted the morphological and molecular identification of pinewood nematodes in P. tabuliformis, summarized the distribution characteristics of the wintering of pinewood nematodes and explored the population structure of pinewood nematodes under different low-temperature conditions. The results indicated that the diurnal variation of temperature in dead P. tabuliformis was significantly less than the environment temperature. The lowest temperature in P. tabuliformis was 3.2 °C higher than the lowest temperature in the environment in one day; the pathogen of a large area of dead P. tabuliformis in Fushun was pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus); 84.9% of the average populations of pinewood nematodes were third-stage dispersal juveniles, which mainly gathered in 5 cm within the pupal chamber of Monochamus saltuarius Gebler. At −40 ℃, most of the third-stage dispersal juveniles of pinewood nematode in dead pine can still survive. Our study laid a foundation for the understanding of the low-temperature adaptation mechanism of pinewood nematode and contributed to the monitoring of pine wilt disease in the mid-temperate zone.

Cold atmospheric plasma activity on microorganisms. A study on the influence of the treatment time and surface

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Xaplanteris ◽  
E. D. Filippaki ◽  
J. K. Christodoulakis ◽  
M. A. Kazantzaki ◽  
E. P. Tsakalos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
Cold Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Environment Temperature

The second half of the 20th century can be characterized and named as the ‘plasma era’, as the plasma gathered scientific interest because of its special physical behaviour. Thus, it was considered as the fourth material state and the plasma physics began to form consequently. In addition to this, many important applications of plasma were discovered and put to use. Especially, in last few decades, there has been an increased interest in the use of cold atmospheric plasma in bio-chemical applications. Until now, thermal plasma has been commonly used in many bio-medical and other applications; however, more recent efforts have shown that plasma can also be produced at lower temperature (close to the environment temperature) by using ambient air in an open space (in atmospheric pressure). However, two aspects remain neglected: firstly, low-temperature plasma production with a large area, and secondly, acquiring the necessary knowledge and understanding the relevant interaction mechanisms of plasma species with microorganisms. These aspects are currently being investigated at the ‘Demokritos’ Plasma Laboratory in Athens, Greece with radio frequency (27.12 MHz and it integer harmonics)-driven sub-atmospheric pressure plasma (100 Pa). The first aspect was achieved with atmospheric plasma being produced at a low temperature (close to the environment temperature) and in a large closed space systems. Regarding the plasma effect on living microorganisms, preliminary experiments and findings have already been carried out and many more have been planned for the near future.

scholarly journals Monochamus Saltuarius Endangers Pinus tabuliformis Carr. and Carries Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) in China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1051
Author(s):  
Long Pan ◽  
Yongxia Li ◽  
Rong Cui ◽  
Zhenkai Liu ◽  
Xingyao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Pinus Tabuliformis ◽  
Longhorn Beetles ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Pinewood Nematodes ◽  
And Control

The pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) can cause fatal damage to trees and is transmitted by the vector species of the Monochamus genus. In December 2017, pinewood nematodes were found to be harming a large plot of pine trees, Pinus tabuliformis, in a new region with an average annual temperature of 6.7 °C in China. However, the vector insects were unknown and urgently needed to be identified. Hence, in April 2018, we collected wood sections of P. tabuliformis trees that had died from pine wilt disease. All 127 longhorn beetles that emerged from the P. tabuliformis samples were identified as Monochamus saltuarius, and the nematodes they carried were fourth-stage dispersal juveniles of the pinewood nematode. The carrier rate of pinewood nematodes in the M. saltuarius population was 58.3%, and the average carrying capacity was 642.4 ± 89.3. In the same P. tabuliformis plot, 742 M. saltuarius beetles were collected from hormone traps. Our results revealed that M. saltuarius can damage P. tabuliformis and is a new vector species of the pinewood nematode in China. These findings can inform the prevention and control of pinewood nematode damage to pine forests.

Experimental Study of a Solar Assisted Air Source Heat Pump in Heating Condition

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 4909-4912
Author(s):  
Yin Liu ◽  
Guang Hui Zhou ◽  
Jing Ma
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Heating Condition ◽  
Heating Performance ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Air Source Heat Pump ◽  
Heating Capacity ◽  
Environment Temperature

In order to improve the performance of air source heat pump in low temperature conditions, designed a solar assisted air source heat pump with the gas-liquid bio-sources heat exchanger. The heat pump can work with solar heat water and air as a heat source at same time. The heating performance of the heat pump in low temperature conditions was tested. The results show that, in comparison to the single air source heat pump, the heating performance of the solar assisted air source heat pump is improved remarkably. When the solar water flow is at 0.6m3/h and the outdoor environment temperature is -7°C, the heating capacity raised about 38% and the COP raised about 30%. When the outdoor environment temperature is -15°C, the heating capacity and the COP all raised more than 50%.

scholarly journals Nanonet: Low-temperature-processed tellurium nanowire network for scalable p-type field-effect transistors and a highly sensitive phototransistor array

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naqi ◽  
Kyung Hwan Choi ◽  
Hocheon Yoo ◽  
Sudong Chae ◽  
Bum Jun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Nanowire Network ◽  
P Type ◽  
Nanowire Networks

AbstractLow-temperature-processed semiconductors are an emerging need for next-generation scalable electronics, and these semiconductors need to feature large-area fabrication, solution processability, high electrical performance, and wide spectral optical absorption properties. Although various strategies of low-temperature-processed n-type semiconductors have been achieved, the development of high-performance p-type semiconductors at low temperature is still limited. Here, we report a unique low-temperature-processed method to synthesize tellurium nanowire networks (Te-nanonets) over a scalable area for the fabrication of high-performance large-area p-type field-effect transistors (FETs) with uniform and stable electrical and optical properties. Maximum mobility of 4.7 cm2/Vs, an on/off current ratio of 1 × 104, and a maximum transconductance of 2.18 µS are achieved. To further demonstrate the applicability of the proposed semiconductor, the electrical performance of a Te-nanonet-based transistor array of 42 devices is also measured, revealing stable and uniform results. Finally, to broaden the applicability of p-type Te-nanonet-based FETs, optical measurements are demonstrated over a wide spectral range, revealing an exceptionally uniform optical performance.

scholarly journals Genetic characteristics of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus third-stage dispersal juveniles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoli Chen ◽  
Ruizhi Zhang ◽  
Danlei Li ◽  
Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Homologous Genes ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Oil Red O Staining ◽  
Oil Red O

AbstractThe third-stage dispersal juvenile (DJ3) of pinewood nematode (PWN) is highly associated with low-temperature survival and spread of the nematode. Oil-Red-O staining showed that its lipid content was significantly higher compared with other PWN stages. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis identified that genes in the pink module were highly related to DJ3 induced in the laboratory (DJ3-lab). These genes were arranged according to their gene significance (GS) to DJ3-lab. Of the top 30 genes with the highest GS, seven were found to be highly homologous to the cysteine protease family cathepsin 1 (CATH1). The top 30 genes with the highest weight value to each of the seven genes in the pink module were selected, and finally 35 genes were obtained. Between these seven CATH1 homologous genes and their 35 highly related genes, 15 were related to fat metabolism or autophagy. These autophagy-related genes were also found to be highly correlated with other genes in the pink module, suggesting that autophagy might be involved in the mechanism of longevity in DJ3 and the formation of DJ3 by regulating genes related to fat metabolism.

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