scholarly journals Regular Biochar and Bacteria-Inoculated Biochar Alter the Composition of the Microbial Community in the Soil of a Chinese Fir Plantation

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 951
Author(s):  
Liguo Song ◽  
Lingyu Hou ◽  
Yongqiang Zhang ◽  
Zhichao Li ◽  
Wenzheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Chinese Fir Plantation

Biochar is a promising material for the improvement of soil quality. However, studies on biochar have mostly been carried out in laboratory conditions or have focused on agricultural aspects. The impacts of the application of biochar on soil characteristics and related ecological processes of the forest ecosystem have not been fully resolved. In this study, we investigated the effects of regular biochar and bacteria-loaded biochar on the microbial communities in the bulk soil and the rhizosphere soil of an annual Chinese fir plantation. In early spring (April), the two types of biochar were added to the soil at the rates of 2.22 t·ha−1, 4.44 t·ha−1, 6.67 t·ha−1, 8.89 t·ha−1, and 11.11 t·ha−1 by ring furrow application around the seedlings, and soil samples were collected at the end of autumn (November). The results showed that biochar addition increased the soil nutrient content and promoted the growth and diversity of soil microbial communities. The diversity of soil fungi was significantly increased, and the diversity of soil bacteria was significantly decreased. Principal component analysis under the different biochar types and application rates demonstrated that microbial communities differed significantly between the treatments and controls and that the effect of biochar on the microbial community of the bulk soil was more significant than that of the rhizosphere soil. Under the same dosage, the effect of bacteria-loaded biochar on soil was more significant than that of regular biochar.

scholarly journals Responses of soil microbial communities and enzyme activities to nitrogen and phosphorus additions in Chinese fir plantations of subtropical China

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 10359-10387 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Y. Dong ◽  
X. Y. Zhang ◽  
X. Y. Liu ◽  
X. L. Fu ◽  
F. S. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Subtropical China ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Nutrient Additions

Abstract. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) additions to forest ecosystems are known to influence various above-ground properties, such as plant productivity and composition, and below-ground properties, such as soil nutrient cycling. However, our understanding of how soil microbial communities and their functions respond to nutrient additions in subtropical plantations is still not complete. In this study, we added N and P to Chinese fir plantations in subtropical China to examine how nutrient additions influenced soil microbial community composition and enzyme activities. The results showed that most soil microbial properties were responsive to N and/or P additions, but responses often varied depending on the nutrient added and the quantity added. For instance, there were more than 30 % greater increases in the activities of β-Glucosidase (βG) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in the treatments that received nutrient additions compared to the control plot, whereas acid phosphatase (aP) activity was always higher (57 and 71 %, respectively) in the P treatment. N and P additions greatly enhanced the PLFA abundanceespecially in the N2P treatment, the bacterial PLFAs (bacPLFAs), fungal PLFAs (funPLFAs) and actinomycic PLFAs (actPLFAs) were about 2.5, 3 and 4 times higher, respectively, than in the CK. Soil enzyme activities were noticeably higher in November than in July, mainly due to seasonal differences in soil moisture content (SMC). βG or NAG activities were significantly and positively correlated with microbial PLFAs. There were also significant relationships between gram-positive (G+) bacteria and all three soil enzymes. These findings indicate that G+ bacteria is the most important microbial community in C, N, and P transformations in Chinese fir plantations, and that βG and NAG would be useful tools for assessing the biogeochemical transformation and metabolic activity of soil microbes. We recommend combined additions of N and P fertilizer to promote soil fertility and microbial activity in this kind of plantation.

scholarly journals Diversity patterns of soil microbial communities in the Sophora flavescens rhizosphere in response to continuous monocropping

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiying Lei ◽  
Ake Liu ◽  
Qinwen Hou ◽  
Qingsong Zhao ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Sophora Flavescens ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Soil Microbial

Abstract Background: Continuous monocropping can affect the physicochemical and biological characteristics of cultivated soil. Sophora flavescens is a valuable herbal medicine and sensitive to continuous monocropping. Currently, diversity patterns of soil microbial communities in soil continuous monocropping with S. flavescens have not been extensively elucidated.Results: In this study, comparative 16S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) MiSeq sequencing analyses were used to examine the taxonomic community structure and microbial diversity in nonrhizosphere soil (CK) and rhizosphere soils (SCC, TCC, and FCC) sampled from fields that had undergone two, three, and five years of continuous monocropping, respectively. Among the microbial communities, a decreased abundance of Acidobacteria and increased abundances of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were found with the increase in monocropping years of S. flavescens. As the continuous monocropping time increased, the diversity of the bacterial community decreased, but that of fungi increased. Redundancy analysis also showed that among the properties of the rhizosphere soil, the available phosphorus, organic matter, total nitrogen, and sucrase had the greatest impacts on the diversity of the rhizosphere microbial community. Moreover, a biomarker for S. flavescens soil was also identified using the most differentially abundant bacteria and fungi in soil samples.Conclusions: Our study indicates that long-term monocropping exerted great impacts on microbial community distributions and soil physicochemical properties. The relationship between microbial community and physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil would help clarify the side effects of continuous S. flavescens monocropping. Our study may aid in uncovering the theoretical basis underlying obstacles to continuous monocropping and provide better guidance for crop production.

scholarly journals Effects of Distinct Revegetation Methods on Growth and Microbial Properties of Vallisneria natans

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1294
Author(s):  
Ning Wang ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Mengqi Jiang ◽  
Weizhen Zhang ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Vallisneria Natans ◽  
Significant Difference

This study investigated the effects of the mud-sinking (MS) method, agar gel-sinking (AS) method and agar gel-sinking with artificial aquatic mat (ASA) method on the growth, physiological characteristics, water purification capacity, and associated microbial community of the different organs of Vallisneria natans (V. natans). Results showed that the growth of agar-based growth (group AS and ASA) were more effective than the mud-wrapped method (group MS), exhibiting longer length, higher fresh weight and biomass of agar-based V. natans with the artificial aquatic mat (group ASA) being higher than those of other groups. MS caused a stress response in the oxidative system, which then inhibited photosynthesis. Results of water quality measurements showed that the three planting methods positively affected water purification without significant differences (p > 0.05). Besides, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the microbial communities in terms of the roots and those found in rhizosphere soils in the MS group with high throughput sequencing. Meanwhile, the addition of agar in the AS and ASA groups increased the diversity of rhizosphere soil microbial communities and reduced the diversity of root microbial communities. Microbial community compositions in the rhizosphere soil and root differed significantly (p < 0.05). High throughput sequencing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also revealed that the biofilm on the surfaces were different, with Proteobacteria and Cyanophyta consistently dominating. This study provides new insights on the more effective revegetation methods of V. natans, researched the environmental impact of the addition of agar, and provides some theoretical support for the revegetation of submerged macrophytes under ecological restoration.

scholarly journals Long-Term Thinning Does not Significantly Affect Soil Water-Stable Aggregates and Diversity of Bacteria and Fungi in Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) Plantations in Eastern China

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangrong Cheng ◽  
Wenli Xing ◽  
Haijing Yuan ◽  
Mukui Yu
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Chinese Fir Plantation

Soil structure and microbial communities are sensitive to forest disturbance. However, little is known about the long-term effects of forest thinning on water-stable aggregates (WSA), and the community composition and diversity of soil microorganisms. In this study, we investigated soil chemical properties, WSA, and communities of bacteria and fungi in conventionally managed Chinese fir plantation stands and repeatedly thinned plantation stands with medium and high tree densities 18 years after the thinning treatments. The distribution patterns of WSA fractions were similar in the three thinning treatments. The mass proportion was the highest in the macro-aggregates fraction, followed by the clay + silt fraction, and it was the lowest in the micro-aggregates fraction. The soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations in different WSA fractions decreased with decreasing aggregate size. The WSA fractions, stability, and aggregate-associated carbon were not significantly different among the three treatments 18 years after the thinning treatments. The total nitrogen concentration of the macro-aggregates fraction was significantly higher in the stands thinned intensively than in the conventionally managed stands. The abundance of minor bacteria and fungi species was different, although no significant differences were observed in the overall bacterial and fungal composition and diversity between the three treatments. Our results indicate that, compared with the conventionally managed stands, soil WSA stability and soil microbial communities in repeatedly thinned Chinese fir stands may recover over one rotation of Chinese fir plantation and that this is accompanied by the recovery of stand growth and soil nutrition.

scholarly journals Diversity patterns of soil microbial communities in the Sophora flavescens rhizosphere in response to continuous monocropping

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiying Lei ◽  
Ake Liu ◽  
Qingsong Zhao ◽  
Qinwen Hou ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Sophora Flavescens ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Soil Microbial

Abstract Background: Continuous monocropping can affect the physicochemical and biological characteristics of cultivated soil. Sophora flavescens is a valuable herbal medicine and sensitive to continuous monocropping. Currently, diversity patterns of soil microbial communities in soil continuous monocropping with S. flavescens have not been extensively elucidated. Results: In this study, comparative 16S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) MiSeq sequencing analyses were used to examine the taxonomic community structure and microbial diversity in nonrhizosphere soil (CK) and rhizosphere soils (SCC, TCC, and FCC) sampled from fields that had undergone two, three, and five years of continuous monocropping, respectively. Among the microbial communities, a decreased abundance of Acidobacteria and increased abundances of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were found with the increase in monocropping years of S. flavescens . As the continuous monocropping time increased, the diversity of the bacterial community decreased, but that of fungi increased. Redundancy analysis also showed that among the properties of the rhizosphere soil, the available phosphorus, organic matter, total nitrogen, and sucrase had the greatest impacts on the diversity of the rhizosphere microbial community. Moreover, a biomarker for S. flavescens soil was also identified using the most differentially abundant bacteria and fungi in soil samples. Conclusions: Our study indicates that long-term monocropping exerted great impacts on microbial community distributions and soil physicochemical properties. The relationship between microbial community and physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil would help clarify the side effects of continuous S. flavescens monocropping. Our study may aid in uncovering the theoretical basis underlying obstacles to continuous monocropping and provide better guidance for crop production.

scholarly journals Unravelling the Functional Diversity of the Soil Microbial Community of Chinese Fir Plantations of Different Densities

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoqun Wang ◽  
Lin Xue ◽  
Yuhong Dong ◽  
Yihui Wei ◽  
Ruzhen Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Soil Microbial

The structure and function of forest ecosystems are directly or indirectly affected by their stand density. However, what effect the density of Chinese fir plantations has on the functional diversity of the soil microbial community remains unclear. The microbial metabolic functional diversity of soils sampled at the topsoil (0–20 cm) of 35-year-old Chinese fir plantations of five initial densities (D1: 1667 stems∙hm−2, D2: 3333 stems∙hm−2, D3: 5000 stems∙hm−2, D4: 6667 stems∙hm−2, and D5: 10,000 stems∙hm−2) was studied by using Biolog ECO technology. The results showed that the soil pH, oxidizable organic carbon (SOOC), available N (AN), available P (AP), and available K (AK) contents all showed a gradual increase from D1 to D4 and a decrease from D4 to D5, while the number of culturable bacteria and total microorganisms, the average well color development (AWCD) values for the single carbon substrate and six types of carbon sources used by the microbial community, as well as the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’), Pielou evenness index (J), and McIntosh Diversity Index (U), were the opposite, suggesting that low-densities favored C and N mineralization and the nutrient cycle. The density of Chinese fir plantations had a significant effect on the use of carbohydrates, amino acids, carboxylic acids, and phenolic acids by the soil microbial community, but it had no significant effect on the use of polymers (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that carbohydrates, polymers, and phenolic acids were sensitive carbon sources that caused differences in the metabolic functions of soil microbial communities in Chinese fir plantations. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that physicochemical factors have a significant influence on the metabolic function of soil microbial communities (RDA1 and RDA2 explained >85% variance). The changes in density affected the soil physicochemical properties, the composition, and the metabolic functional diversity of microbial communities in Chinese fir plantations, which is certainly useful for the stand density regulation of Chinese fir plantations.

scholarly journals Microbial Profiles of Rhizosphere and Bulk Soil Microbial Communities of Biofuel Crops Switchgrass (Panicum virgatumL.) and Jatropha (Jatropha curcasL.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doongar R. Chaudhary ◽  
Jyotisna Saxena ◽  
Nicola Lorenz ◽  
Linda K. Dick ◽  
Richard P. Dick
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Biofuel Crops

The production of biofuels from the low-input energy crops, switchgrass (Panicum virgatumL.) and jatropha (Jatropha curcasL.), is a sustainable approach that can provide more usable energy and environmental benefits than food-based biofuels. Plant rhizosphere affects the microbial community structure due to variations in root exudation rates and residue chemistry. The objective of this investigation was to determine the profiles of microbial communities associated with rhizosphere and bulk soils of switchgrass or jatropha using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and length heterogeneity PCR (LH-PCR). Switchgrass soil contained a significantly (P<0.05) higher abundance of Gram-positive (i14:0, i15:0, a15:0), Gram-negative (16:1ω5c, 16:1ω7c, 18:1ω5c), and saturated (14:0, 15:0) PLFAs compared to jatropha soil, whereas jatropha had a higher abundance of fungal (18:2ω6, 9c), 18:1ω9c, 20:1ω9c, and 18:0 PLFAs compared to switchgrass soil. Irrespective of plant type, rhizosphere soil contained a significantly (P<0.05) higher abundance of saturated PLFAs (16:0, 18:0, 20:0), actinomycetes (10Me17:0), and fungal (18:2ω6, 9c) PLFAs compared to bulk soil; whereas bulk soil had higher abundance of saturated (14:0), Gram-negative (16:1ω9c, 16:1ω5c, 16:1ω7c), and 18:1ω9c PLFAs compared to rhizosphere soil. Multivariate principle component analysis of PLFAs and LH-PCR percent relative peak areas successfully differentiated the microbial communities of rhizosphere and bulk soils of switchgrass and jatropha.

Alkaline soil pH affects bulk soil, rhizosphere and root endosphere microbiomes of plants growing in a Sandhills ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Dantas Lopes ◽  
Jingjie Hao ◽  
Daniel P Schachtman
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Rhizosphere

ABSTRACT Soil pH is a major factor shaping bulk soil microbial communities. However, it is unclear whether the belowground microbial habitats shaped by plants (e.g. rhizosphere and root endosphere) are also affected by soil pH. We investigated this question by comparing the microbial communities associated with plants growing in neutral and strongly alkaline soils in the Sandhills, which is the largest sand dune complex in the northern hemisphere. Bulk soil, rhizosphere and root endosphere DNA were extracted from multiple plant species and analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results showed that rhizosphere, root endosphere and bulk soil microbiomes were different in the contrasting soil pH ranges. The strongest impact of plant species on the belowground microbiomes was in alkaline soils, suggesting a greater selective effect under alkali stress. Evaluation of soil chemical components showed that in addition to soil pH, cation exchange capacity also had a strong impact on shaping bulk soil microbial communities. This study extends our knowledge regarding the importance of pH to microbial ecology showing that root endosphere and rhizosphere microbial communities were also influenced by this soil component, and highlights the important role that plants play particularly in shaping the belowground microbiomes in alkaline soils.

scholarly journals Comparison of Drivers of Soil Microbial Communities Developed in Karst Ecosystems with Shallow and Deep Soil Depths

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Huiling Guan ◽  
Jiangwen Fan ◽  
Haiyan Zhang ◽  
Warwick Harris
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Karst Ecosystems

Soil erosion is prevalent in karst areas, but few studies have compared the differences in the drivers for soil microbial communities among karst ecosystems with different soil depths, and most studies have focused on the local scale. To fill this research gap, we investigated the upper 20 cm soil layers of 10 shallow–soil depth (shallow–SDC, total soil depth less than 100 cm) and 11 deep–soil depth communities (deep–SDC, total soil depth more than 100 cm), covering a broad range of vegetation types, soils, and climates. The microbial community characteristics of both the shallow–SDC and deep–SDC soils were tested by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFAs) analysis, and the key drivers of the microbial communities were illustrated by forward selection and variance partitioning analysis. Our findings demonstrated that more abundant soil nutrients supported higher fungal PLFA in shallow–SDC than in deep–SDC (p < 0.05). Furthermore, stronger correlation between the microbial community and the plant–soil system was found in shallow–SDC: the pure plant effect explained the 43.2% of variance in microbial biomass and 57.8% of the variance in the ratio of Gram–positive bacteria to Gram–negative bacteria (G+/G−), and the ratio of fungi to total bacteria (F/B); the pure soil effect accounted for 68.6% variance in the microbial diversity. The ratio of microbial PLFA cyclopropyl to precursors (Cy/Pr) and the ratio of saturated PLFA to monounsaturated PLFA (S/M) as indicators of microbial stress were controlled by pH, but high pH was not conducive to microorganisms in this area. Meanwhile, Cy/Pr in all communities was >0.1, indicating that microorganisms were under environmental stress. Therefore, the further ecological restoration of degraded karst communities is needed to improve their microbial communities.

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