scholarly journals The Development and Use of Isoscapes to Determine the Geographical Origin of Quercus spp. in the United States

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Watkinson ◽  
Peter Gasson ◽  
Gareth O. Rees ◽  
Markus Boner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratios ◽  
Carbon Isotope Ratios ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Ratios ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope Ratios

The stable isotope ratios of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon and sulfur from extracted wood of 87 samples of oaks from the United States were analysed. Relationships with climate variables and the stable isotope ratios of the 69 training dataset samples were investigated to a monthly resolution using long-term monthly mean climate data from NASA and the University of East Anglia’s Climate Research Unit, in conjunction with forecast data for hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in precipitation. These relationships were used to construct model isoscapes for oxygen, hydrogen, carbon and sulfur for US oak with the aim of using them to forecast isotopic patterns in areas that were not sampled and predict values in samples not used to construct the models. The leading predictors for isoscape generation were oxygen isotope ratios in January precipitation for oak oxygen isotope ratios, hydrogen isotope ratios in July precipitation for oak hydrogen isotope ratios, water vapour in April for carbon isotope ratios, and reflected shortwave radiation in March in combination with sulfate concentration in May for oak sulfur isotopes. The generated isoscapes can be used to show regions an unknown sample may have originated from with a resolution dependent on the rarity of the stable isotope signature within the United States. The models were assessed using the data of 18 samples of georeferenced oak. The assessment found that 100% of oxygen, 94% of hydrogen, 78% of carbon, and 94% of sulfur isotope ratios in the 18 test dataset samples fell within two standard deviations of the isoscape models. Using the results of the isoscapes in combination found that there were 4/18 test samples which did not fall within two standard deviations of the four models, this is largely attributed to the lower predictive power of the carbon isoscape model in conjunction with high local variability in carbon isotope ratios in both the test and training data. The method by which this geographic origin method has been developed will be useful to combat illegal logging and to validate legal supply chains for the purpose of good practice due diligence.

Links between Purchase Location and Stable Isotope Ratios of Bottled Water, Soda, and Beer in the United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 7311-7316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley A. Chesson ◽  
Luciano O. Valenzuela ◽  
Shannon P. O’Grady ◽  
Thure E. Cerling ◽  
James R. Ehleringer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratios

Hydrogen and Oxygen Stable Isotope Ratios of Milk in the United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 2358-2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley A. Chesson ◽  
Luciano O. Valenzuela ◽  
Shannon P. O’Grady ◽  
Thure E. Cerling ◽  
James R. Ehleringer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratios ◽  
Oxygen Stable Isotope

scholarly journals Contamination of the Bushveld Complex (South Africa) magmas by basinal brines: Stable isotopes in phlogopite from the UG2 chromitite

Geology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoyang Zhou ◽  
Robert B. Trumbull ◽  
Ilya V. Veksler ◽  
Ilya N. Bindeman ◽  
Johannes Glodny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Bushveld Complex ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Merensky Reef ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Ratios ◽  
Abundant Evidence ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope Ratios

There is abundant evidence for significant H2O in evolved melts from the platinum-rich UG2 chromitite and the Merensky Reef of the Bushveld Complex (South Africa), but there is no consensus about the source of H2O. We report triple-oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios of interstitial, late-magmatic phlogopite from three localities of the UG2 layer. The phlogopite yielded δD values of –43‰ to –23‰, which is >30‰ higher than previously known from Bushveld rocks and far above the mantle values of ~–75‰. The phlogopite triple-oxygen isotope ratios are the first to be reported for Bushveld rocks, with values of Δ′17O0.5305 (17O excess relative to the reference line 0.5305) from –0.069‰ to –0.044‰ (δ18O 5.2‰–6.2‰). The oxygen data support existing models of as much as 30%–40% contamination of mantlederived magmas in the lower to middle crust. However, the high δ values require a second step of contamination, which we attribute to brines from the marine sediments in the Transvaal Basin at the emplacement level.

scholarly journals Carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of tree ring cellulose along a precipitation transect in Oregon, United States

2005 ◽  
Vol 110 (G2) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Roden ◽  
David R. Bowling ◽  
Nate G. McDowell ◽  
Barbara J. Bond ◽  
James R. Ehleringer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Ratios ◽  
Carbon And Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Tree Ring Cellulose

Stable isotope evidence for changes in dietary niche partitioning among hadrosaurian and ceratopsian dinosaurs of the Hell Creek Formation, North Dakota

Paleobiology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry C. Fricke ◽  
Dean A. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Ratios ◽  
Carbon And Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Dietary Niche ◽  
Ceratopsian Dinosaurs

Questions related to dinosaur behavior can be difficult to answer conclusively by using morphological studies alone. As a complement to these approaches, carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of tooth enamel can provide insight into habitat and dietary preferences of herbivorous dinosaurs. This approach is based on the isotopic variability in plant material and in surface waters of the past, which is in turn reflected by carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of animals that ingested the organic matter or drank the water. Thus, it has the potential to identify and characterize dietary and habitat preferences for coexisting taxa.In this study, stable isotope ratios from coexisting hadrosaurian and ceratopsian dinosaurs of the Hell Creek Formation of North Dakota are compared for four different stratigraphic levels. Isotopic offsets between tooth enamel and tooth dentine, as well as taxonomic differences in means and in patterns of isotopic data among taxa, indicate that primary paleoecological information is preserved. The existence of taxonomic offsets also provides the first direct evidence for dietary niche partitioning among these herbivorous dinosaur taxa. Of particular interest is the observation that the nature of this partitioning changes over time: for some localities ceratopsian dinosaurs have higher carbon and oxygen isotope ratios than hadrosaurs, indicating a preference for plants living in open settings near the coast, whereas for other localities isotope ratios are lower, indicating a preference for plants in the understory of forests. In most cases the isotope ratios among hadrosaurs are similar and are interpreted to represent a dietary preference for plants of the forest canopy. The inferred differences in ceratopsian behavior are suggested to represent a change in vegetation cover and hence habitat availability in response to sea level change or to the position of river distributaries. Given our current lack of taxonomic resolution, it is not possible to determine if dietary and habitat preferences inferred from stable isotope data are associated with single, or multiple, species of hadrosaurian/ceratopsian dinosaurs.

scholarly journals Comparisons of stable isotope (C, H, N) signatures for revealing organic matter sources and trophic relationships in headwater streams

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 2110-2121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry M. Page ◽  
Scott D. Cooper ◽  
Sheila W. Wiseman ◽  
Danuta Bennett ◽  
Kristie Klose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Headwater Streams ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Mixing Model ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Predator Diet ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope Ratios

We compared the efficacy of stable carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen isotope ratios in identifying the resources used by insect consumers in headwater streams of southern California. We also compared gut contents with consumer stable isotope ratios and mixing model estimates of resource contributions to predator diet. Stable hydrogen isotope ratios (as δ2H) of algivores were well separated from ratios for detritivores, whereas relationships between stable carbon (as δ13C) and nitrogen (as δ15N) ratios of consumers and their expected diets were weaker and more ambiguous. δ2H values of primary consumers more strongly reflected the proportions of their gut contents consisting of algae than δ13C values. Τhe proportions of algivorous prey in predator gut contents increased with mixing model estimates of algivore contributions to predator diet using δ2H but not δ13C values. Our findings support the use of hydrogen isotope ratios in food web studies of streams in southern California and their potential use in assessing the effects of anthropogenic and natural disturbance on basal resource contributions to food webs that might not otherwise be identified using carbon isotope ratios.

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