scholarly journals Role of Silviculture in the Formation of Norway Spruce Forests along the Southern Edge of Their Range in the Central Russian Plain

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Chernenkova ◽  
Ivan Kotlov ◽  
Nadezhda Belyaeva ◽  
Elena Suslova ◽  
Olga Morozova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
East European ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Leaved Forest

East European forests dominated by Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) in the broad-leaved–coniferous zone should be considered as secondary communities formed under the influence of centuries-long activities (logging, fires and planting) and extended outside their natural range. The study raises an issue—how stable is the current state of Norway spruce forests in the center of the Russian plain and what is the effect of silviculture on the forest cover of the large urban agglomeration—the Moscow Region? Current study is based on multidisciplinary research and consequently concerns the age dynamics of spruce plantation forests, the species and typological diversity of mature spruce forests and spatial pattern of spruce forests along the south edge of their range. The composition and structure of Norway spruce plantations have been studied for various age classes and compared with mature natural spruce forests and pine plantations on the basis of field data. Remote sensing data and modeling approach were applied to estimate the spatial structure of spruce forests. It is found that mature plantations (over 80 years) become similar to natural forests in terms of structure and composition. The relationship between the distribution of spruce formations and the climatic and geomorphological conditions are confirmed. The proportion of spruce and spruce–aspen/birch communities follows the pattern of zones—the transition from the coniferous and broad-leaved forest zone to the broad-leaved forest zone. Despite the significant anthropogenic impact and the high proportion of plantations in the composition of Norway spruce forests (about 60–80%), their floristic and typological diversities correspond to such properties of zonal broad-leaved–coniferous communities. Over-matured plantations can provide valuable habitats for the re-establishment of native typological diversity. This makes it possible to use silviculture stands as an accelerated alternative to the natural recovery of disturbed habitats.

The analysis of mesophytic broad-leaved forest associations in the center of European Russia

2003 ◽  
pp. 3-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Zaugolnova ◽  
T. Yu. Braslavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Direct Ordination ◽  
Leaved Forest

The comparative analysis of floristic composition of the Russian Plain center broad-leaved forests of the alliance Carpinion betuli Issler 1931 em. Meyer 1937 was carried out by means of detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and direct ordination along ecological factor scales. The three associations representing the proper zonal units of the area, namely Querco-Tilietum cordatae Laivinš 1983 in the hemiboreal forest zone, Aceri campestris—Tilietum cordatae ass. nov. hoc loco in the broad-leaved forest zone, and Aceri campestris—Quercetum roboris Bulokhov et Solomeshch 1991 in the forest-steppe zone are characterized. Although all the forest stands described are small geographically isolated fragments, their floristic composition demonstrates the existence of syntaxonomic continuum and seems to be influenced by landscape features and anthropogenic disturbance just as strong as by zonal climatic factors. As a result of the undertaken analysis, the syntaxonomical revision of the Central-Russian broad-leaved forests of the alliance Carpinion betuli Issler 1931 em. Meyer 1937 is proposed.

The analysis of mesophytic broad-leaved forest associations in the center of European Russia

2003 ◽  
pp. 3-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Zaugolnova ◽  
T. Yu. Braslavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Direct Ordination ◽  
Leaved Forest

The comparative analysis of floristic composition of the Russian Plain center broad-leaved forests of the alliance Carpinion betuli Issler 1931 em. Meyer 1937 was carried out by means of detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and direct ordination along ecological factor scales. The three associations representing the proper zonal units of the area, namely Querco-Tilietum cordatae Laivinš 1983 in the hemiboreal forest zone, Aceri campestris—Tilietum cordatae ass. nov. hoc loco in the broad-leaved forest zone, and Aceri campestris—Quercetum roboris Bulokhov et Solomeshch 1991 in the forest-steppe zone are characterized. Although all the forest stands described are small geographically isolated fragments, their floristic composition demonstrates the existence of syntaxonomic continuum and seems to be influenced by landscape features and anthropogenic disturbance just as strong as by zonal climatic factors. As a result of the undertaken analysis, the syntaxonomical revision of the Central-Russian broad-leaved forests of the alliance Carpinion betuli Issler 1931 em. Meyer 1937 is proposed.

VEGETATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS OF KARST MIRES IN BROAD-LEAVED FOREST ZONE: METHODICAL APPROACHES, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"

2012 ◽  
pp. 524-537
Author(s):  
D.V. ZATSARINNAYA ◽  
E.M. VOLKOVA ◽  
A.A. SIRIN
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Central European ◽  
Vegetation Communities ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Leaved Forest ◽  
Floating Peat

Vegetation cover and environmental factors were studied in the system of karts mires in the broad- leaved forest zone in Tula Region, Central European Russia. Mires are formed in the sinkholes and characterized by rather low anthropogenic disturbances. These mires are characterised by floating peat mats and variety of vegetation communities which are differ by ecological conditions (water levels, acidity and nutrition). Development and growth of floating mats change water and mineral feeding that leads to succession of vegetation communities.

scholarly journals Tree Change in Nemoral Spruce Forests of the Central Forest Reserve

2021 ◽  
pp. 459-476
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Pukinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Leaved Forest

The paper discusses changes in forest-forming species in the nemoral spruce forests of the Central Forest Reserve (Tver Region, the Russian Federation). A comparison is made of the characterization of vegetation in the reserve spruce forests, carried out during the first survey of the reserve by Ya. Ya. Alekseev in 1931 (Alekseev, 1935) with the descriptions of vegetation made by the author from 2011 to 2019. It is shown that the coverage of nemoral herbs in the spruce forests of the reserve has increased over the past 90 years. In addition, three types of broadleaf trees (Tilia cordata Mill., Acer platanoides L. and Ulmus scabra Mill.) have greatly increased their abundance in the stand, most notably the linden. In recent decades, the decay of nemoral spruce forests has been taking place in the Central Forest Reserve. The birch-aspenspruce stand is not replenished with spruce renewal but is replaced by linden-maple forests. The vitality of spruce undergrowth is deteriorating. After the decay of a spruce forest, a change of the tree dominants occurs on 74% of the trial plots and the stand continues with a spruce forest on 26%. The largest part of the reserve's nemoral spruce forests arose after major disturbances 100–150 years ago (on the site of burned-out areas, hurricane windblows and cuttings). Old nemoral spruce forests were formed during the period when severe frosts prevented linden and maple from entering the stand. Currently, the coincidence of climate warming with the aging of the spruce stand and the removal of anthropogenic influence contributed to the release of maple and linden from the undergrowth into the stand and change to a spruce-deciduous forest. Under the prevailing climatic conditions, a return to the spruce forest is possible in the event of a burning out or when the climate becomes cold. The nemoral spruce forest is an ecotone type and, depending on conditions, becomes a spruce or broad-leaved forest.

scholarly journals Bi-Temporal Analysis of Spatial Changes of Boreal Forest Cover and Species in Siberia for the Years 1985 and 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4116
Author(s):  
Lei Tian ◽  
Wenxue Fu
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Forest Change ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Latitude Zone ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Leaved Forest

Boreal forest is a sensitive indicator of the influence of climate change. It can quantify the level and spatial divergence of forest change for forest resources and carbon cycle research. This study selected a typical boreal forest affected by few human activities as a research area, in Siberia, with a latitude span of 51°N–69°N. A total of 150 Landsat images of this area acquired in 1985 and 2015 were collected. A hierarchical classification approach was first established to retrieve the information of forest cover and species. The forested and nonforested lands were discriminated by the decision tree method and, furthermore, the forested land was classified to broad-leaved and coniferous forests by a random forest algorithm. The overall accuracy was 90.37%, which indicates the validity of the approach. Finally, the quantitative information of the forest cover and species changes in each latitude zone of every 2° was analyzed. The results show that the overall boreal forest cover increased by 5.11% over the past three decades, with broad-leaved forest increasing by 3.54% and coniferous forest increasing by 1.57%. In addition, boreal forest increased in every latitude zone, and the spatial divergence of the changes of the boreal forest cover and species in different latitude zones were significant. Finally, broad-leaved forest increased more rapidly than coniferous forest, and the greatest increase, of up to 5.77%, occurred in the zone of 55°N–57°N.

scholarly journals Two Decades Progress on The Application of Remote Sensing for Monitoring Tropical and Sub-Tropical Natural Forests: A Review

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Enoch Gyamfi-Ampadu ◽  
Michael Gebreslasie
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Remote Sensing Applications

Forest covers about a third of terrestrial land surface, with tropical and subtropical zones being a major part. Remote sensing applications constitute a significant approach to monitoring forests. Thus, this paper reviews the progress made by remote sensing data applications to tropical and sub-tropical natural forest monitoring over the last two decades (2000–2020). The review focuses on the thematic areas of aboveground biomass and carbon estimations, tree species identification, tree species diversity, and forest cover and change mapping. A systematic search of articles was performed on Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar by applying a Boolean operator and using keywords related to the thematic areas. We identified 50 peer-reviewed articles that studied tropical and subtropical natural forests using remote sensing data. Asian and South American natural forests are the most highly researched natural forests, while African natural forests are the least studied. Medium spatial resolution imagery was extensively utilized for forest cover and change mapping as well as aboveground biomass and carbon estimation. In the latest studies, high spatial resolution imagery and machine learning algorithms, such as Random Forest and Support Vector Machine, were jointly utilized for tree species identification. In this review, we noted the promising potential of the emerging high spatial resolution satellite imagery for the monitoring of natural forests. We recommend more research to identify approaches to overcome the challenges of remote sensing applications to these thematic areas so that further and sustainable progress can be made to effectively monitor and manage sustainable forest benefits.

scholarly journals Monitoring Landscape Changes in Japan Using Classification of Modis Data Combined with a Landscape Transformation Sere (LTS) Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ippei Harada ◽  
Keitarou Hara ◽  
Mizuki Tomita ◽  
Kevin Short ◽  
Jonggeol Park
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Landscape Change ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
National Level ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Modis Data ◽  
Landscape Transformation ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Leaved Forest

Abstract Japan, with over 75% forest cover, is one of the most heavily forested countries in the world. Various types of climax forest are distributed according to latitude and altitude. At the same time, human intervention in Japan has historically been intensive, and many forest habitats show the influence of various levels of disturbance. Furthermore, Japanese landscapes are changing rapidly, and a system of efficient monitoring is needed. The aim of this research was to identify major historical trends in Japanese landscape change and to develop a system for identifying and monitoring patterns of landscape change at the national level. To provide a base for comparison, Warmth Index (WI) climatic data was digitalized and utilized to map potential climax vegetation for all of Japan. Extant Land Use Information System (LUIS) data were then modified and digitalized to generate national level Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) distribution maps for 1900, 1950 and 1985. In addition, MODIS data for 2001 acquired by the Tokyo University of Information Sciences were utilized for remote LU/LC classification using an unsupervised method on multi-temporal composite data. Eight classification categories were established using the ISODATA (cluster analyses) method; alpine plant communities, evergreen coniferous forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest, mixed forest, arable land (irrigated rice paddy, non-irrigated, grassland), urban area, river and marsh. The results of the LUIS analyses and MODIS classifications were interpreted in terms of a Landscape Transformation Sere model assuming that under increasing levels of human disturbance the landscape will change through a series of stages. The results showed that overall forest cover in Japan has actually increased over the century covered by the data; from 72.1% in 1900 to 76.9% in 2001. Comparison of the actual vegetation and the potential vegetation as predicted by WI, however, indicated that in many areas the climax vegetation has been replaced by secondary forests such as conifer timber plantations. This trend was especially strong in the warm and mid temperate zones of western Japan. This research also demonstrated that classification of moderate resolution remote sensing data, interpreted within a LTS framework, can be an effective tool for efficient and repeat monitoring of landscape changes at the national level. In the future, the authors plan to continue utilizing this approach to track rapidly occurring changes in Japanese landscapes at the national level.

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