scholarly journals Topographic Factors and Tree Heights of Aged Cryptomeria japonica Plantations in the Boso Peninsula, Japan

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 771
Author(s):  
Takeshi Tange ◽  
Feng Ge
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Boso Peninsula

This study aimed to clarify the environmental factors limiting the height of aged Cryptomeria japonica trees. The study was conducted on C. japonica plantations of about 100 years old at the Boso Peninsula, Japan, where the climatic conditions are almost uniform. Twenty-eight plots measuring 10 × 10 m were established on ridges, and 40 plots were established on the middle or lower sections of slopes. The stand ages ranged from 93 to 115 years old. The height of the tallest tree and soil depth (SD) were measured in each plot, and the wetness index (WI) and openness (OP) of each plot were calculated using a digital elevation model. The tree height at the 100-year age (H100) was estimated. The H100 ranged from 16.2 to 44.9 m and was significantly correlated with the logWI (r = 0.78) and OP (r = −0.70). SD and H100 were significantly correlated in the plots on the ridges but not in the plots on the middle or lower sections of slopes. It indicated that soil water retention capacity might limit tree height in the relatively dry soil conditions. The coefficient of determination adjusted by the number of parameters for H100 predicted using multiple regression analysis with environmental factors of logWI, logWI and OP, or logWI, OP and SD were 0.60, 0.69, and 0.73, respectively. The inclusion of OP and SD in the model improved the prediction of H100, suggesting that the wind and rooting depth could be the influencing factors in determining the height of aged trees. The findings of this study could be used in the planning and management of forestry plantations of long rotation system.

scholarly journals Characterization, agricultural potential, and perspectives for the management of light soils in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1003-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Kangussu Donagemma ◽  
Pedro Luiz de Freitas ◽  
Fabiano de Carvalho Balieiro ◽  
Ademir Fontana ◽  
Silvio Túlio Spera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Frontier ◽  
Agricultural Potential

Abstract Light soils occupy 8% of the Brazilian territory and are especially expressive in the new and last agricultural frontier in Brazil: the Matopiba region - in the states of Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí, and Bahia -, where they represent 20% of the area. These soils fit into the textural classes of sand and loamy sand or sandy loam, down to 0.75-m soil depth or deeper, and they are mainly represented by Neossolos Quartzarênicos (Quartzipsamments) and, partly, by Latossolos (Oxisols) and Argissolos (Ultisols). The understanding of soil functioning depends on the establishment of distinguishing criteria for: organic matter dynamics; content and mineralogy of the clay fraction; coarse sand and total sand contents, in relation to those of fine sand; mean diameter of the sand fraction; and water retention capacity. These criteria can contribute for the zoning and for the conservation and fertility management of light soils, as well as for the estimation of their agricultural potential. Integrated production systems, such as crop-livestock and crop-livestock-forestry integration, besides no-tillage with crop rotation, mixed forestry planting with legumes, and the use of green manure and cover crops are relevant for the proper management of these soils. The objective of this review was to characterize light soils and to highlight the main challenges regarding their agricultural potential and their conservation and fertility managements, in face of the expansion and consolidation of the new Brazilian agricultural frontier.

scholarly journals Soil typologies in the wine-growing areas of Mallorca, with special emphasis on available water content.

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Joan Rossello ◽  
José M. Escalona ◽  
Josep Cifre ◽  
Jaume Vadell ◽  
Hipólito Medrano
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Available Water Content ◽  
Water Classification ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Very High

Under the conditions of the semi-arid Mediterranean climate, soil depth and water retention capacity are the most important characteristics of the soil related to the quality of the wines. The availability of water will mark the development of the vines and the development and maturity of the grape. The characterization and agronomic evaluation of the soil has been carried out from the excavation of 38 soil pits in the main wine growing areas of Mallorca. Cambisols are the most predominant soil typology followed by Cambisols, Regosols and Luvisols. The water classification of the soils has been made according to the maximum water availability (useful water) in 2 m of soil (mm water / 2 m soil). The proposed levels are: very low (<120 mm), low (120-180 mm), Medium (180-240 mm), High (240-300 mm) and Very high> 300 (mm). The most abundant soil type we find that 47% have high soil water availability, 27% very high, 14% normal and 14% low. Establishing an area based on available water content is a tool that allows us to adjust the selection of the most suitable grape varieties in each soil, thus taking advantage more efficiently of the potential of each type of grape.

scholarly journals RETENTION CAPACITY CHANGES IN OPAK SUB WATERSHED POST-MERAPI VOLCANO ERUPTION 2010

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Cahyadi ◽  
Anggit Priadmodjo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Merapi Volcano ◽  
Volcano Eruption ◽  
Watershed Response ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Scs Cn

Merapi Volcano Eruption in 2010 led to physical changes in the Opak Sub Watershed in Sleman Regency. They include changes in land use/cover and soil conditions which consequently change the watershed response to rainfall, as well as the nature of generated flood. This research aimed to (1) determine land use/cover change in the upstream area of Opak Watershed after Merapi Volcano eruption in 2010, and (2) assess the changes in water retention capacity of the soil after the eruption of Merapi Volcano in 2010 and its impact on the environment. Land use change was analyzed with temporal remote sensing imagery with high resolution. Retention capacity was assessed using SCS-CN method. The results of both assessments were, then, used to formulate recommendations for management in Opak Sub Watershed. The analysis showed that Merapi Volcano eruption in 2010 caused 63% of land use/cover to become vacant and changes in surface material and watershed boundaries. In addition, it was determined that the post-eruption retention capacity had been increasing. This indicates that changes in material are likely to affect retention capacity much more than changes in land use/cover.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Aplikasi Mikoriza dan Bahan Pembenah terhadap Sifat Kimia dan Serapan Fosfor di Tanah Pasir

SoilREns ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aktavia Herawati ◽  
Jauhari Syamsiyah ◽  
Mujiyo Mujiyo ◽  
Mapan Rochmadtulloh
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
P Concentration

Sandy soil has limitations factor in supporting plant growth such as low soil organic carbon (SOC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), macro-micro nutrient content, water retention capacity, and high permeability rate. To improve soil conditions, it can be done by adding mycorrhizae and soil amendments. This study aimed to determine the effect of mycorrhizae application and soil amendments on the P availability and P uptake of plants in sandy soil. The research was conducted in a greenhouse of Agricultural Faculty, Sebelas Maret University. Used a completely randomized design consisting of 2 factors. The first factor was mycorrhizae with 2 levels, namely without mycorrhizae (M0) and mycorrhizae with 6 spores/plants (M1). The second factor was soil amendments; without amendment (P0), cow manure 60 tons/ha (P1), rock phosphate 150 kg/ha (P2), and combination of cow manure 60 tons/ha and rock phosphate 150 kg/ha (P3). The results showed that the application of mycorrhizae and soil amendments significantly increased available P, SOC, CEC, P concentration, and P uptake. Interaction of mycorrhizae 6 spores/plant and rock phosphate 150 kg/ha was able to increase the availability of soil P up to 12.8 times, plant tissue P concentration up to 1.4 times, and P uptake up to 2.27 times compared to the control. Application of mycorrhizae 6 spores/plant and cow manure of 60 tons/ha gave the best results on SOC and mycorrhizae with a combination of cow manure and rock phosphate gave the best results on CEC.

scholarly journals Application of Coal Ash to Postmine Land for Prevention of Soil Erosion in Coal Mine in Indonesia: Utilization of Fly Ash and Bottom Ash

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Matsumoto ◽  
Shunta Ogata ◽  
Hideki Shimada ◽  
Takashi Sasaoka ◽  
Ginting J. Kusuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Soil Composition ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Artificial Rainfall

The increase in the number of coal-fired power plants with the increase in coal production and its consumption has caused the problem of the treatment of a large amount of coal ash in Indonesia. In the past studies, coal ash was applied to postmine land with the aim of improving soil conditions for plant growth; however, heavy rain in the tropical climate may cause soil erosion with the change in soil conditions. This study presents the effects of application of coal ash to postmine land on soil erosion by performing the artificial rainfall test as well as physical testing. The results indicate that the risk of soil erosion can be reduced significantly by applying the coal ash which consists of more than 85% of sand to topsoil in the postmine land at the mixing ratio of over 30%. Additionally, they reveal that not only fine fractions but also microporous structures in coal ash enhance water retention capacity by retaining water in the structure, leading to the prevention of soil erosion. Thus, the risk of soil erosion can be reduced by applying coal ash to topsoil in consideration of soil composition and microporous structure of coal ash.

scholarly journals Application of the InVEST Model to Quantify the Water Yield of North Korean Forests

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 804
Author(s):  
Sang-wook Kim ◽  
Yoon-young Jung
Keyword(s):  
North Korea ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Administrative District ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Water Fraction

The calculation and mapping of water yield are of significant importance to the effective planning and management of water resources in North Korea. In this study, we quantified and assessed the water retention capacity of North Korean forests using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) water yield model; six thematic maps were constructed and two coefficients were derived for use in the modeling. Data were obtained from the following sources: average annual precipitation from WorldClim; average monthly evapotranspiration from Global Potential Evapotranspiration (Global-PET); and the soil depth data from the International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC). The plant available water fraction was calculated using a bulk density formula. Land cover was classified using the Normalized Difference Snow, Water and Vegetation Indices, using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery. Data for the watershed analysis were provided by the World Wildlife Fund. The total water retention in North Korean forests was estimated to be 760,145,120 tons in the 2000s. However, previous studies from 2011 showed a much higher (by 9,409,622,083 tons) water retention capacity in South Korea. In North Korea, the largest monthly water storage volume occurred in July, followed by August, September, and June. This mirrors rainfall patterns, indicating that precipitation has a significant impact on water storage. Analysis of the annual spatial distribution of water storage by administrative district showed that Hamgyongnam-do had the highest, followed by Jagang-do and Gangwon-do Provinces.

scholarly journals Silicon as an attenuator of drought stress in plants of Oryza sativa L. treated with dietholate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Cassol ◽  
D. Sponchiado ◽  
S. H. B. Dornelles ◽  
L. A. Tabaldi ◽  
E. P. M. Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Rice Plants

Abstract Silicon (Si) is an element that can improve the growth and development of rice plants in water-deficient environments because it is an enzymatic stimulant, signaling for production of antioxidant compounds. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between water deficiency and the effect of Si on two rice cultivars whose seeds were treated with dietholate. The experimental design was fully randomized with three replicates, and treatments were organized in a 3x2x2x4 factorial arrangement: three water soil conditions (50% and 100% of soil water retention capacity (WRC) and complete submergence in a water blade of 5.0 cm); two cultivars (IRGA 424 RI and Guri INTA CL); two sources of Si (sodium metasilicate and potassium metasilicate); and four rates of Si (0; 4.0; 8.0 and 16 g L-1). Chlorophyll a and b, leaf area and shoot and root dry weight increased at higher rates of Si under the three soil water regimes. There was an increase in superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase enzyme activity in the cultivars at higher rates of Si, reducing lipid peroxidation caused by water deficiency. Therefore, Si did indeed attenuate water deficiency stress in rice plants emerging from seeds treated with dietholate.

Evaluation of Resistant Starch Quality from Different Types of Banana in Batter Coating Formulation to Reduce Oil Absorption in Fried Food

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Karissha Fritzi Della ◽  
Mutiara Pratiwi ◽  
Purwa Tri Cahyana ◽  
Maria DPT Gunawan-Puteri
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Fried Food ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Coating Formulation

Fried food is convenient for many people due to its pleasant texture and taste. On the other hand, it comes with the risk of high oil absorption which might lead to certain health problems. Resistant starch (RS) has been known to have a functionality of reducing oil absorption. Three different types of banana: Kepok (Musa paradisiaca formatypica), Raja Bulu (Musa paradisiaca L.) and Ambon (Musa paradisiaca L. var sapientum) were evaluated on its performance when utilized as source of resistant starch especially on their application in reducing oil absorption in fried food. Tempeh was used as the food model. Banana starch (RS2) was isolated through water alkaline extraction process, continued with modification process through three repeated cycles of autoclaving-cooling process to obtain the RS3. RS3 was added into the batter coating formulation at three substitution ratios (10%, 30% and 50%) and then used to coat tempeh before frying. Evaluation of resistant starch in batter and battered productwas conducted on the following parameters: fat content, water retention capacity (WRC), coating pick up and sensory analysis. The result of this study revealed that Raja Bulu showed the most effective result on reducing oil absorption in the food tested. In the three bananas used, the ratio of 50% performed best in coating pick up (highest), WRC (highest) and fat content(lowest) parameters, but not significantly different with the 30% ratio. In terms of sensory acceptance, using Raja Bulu as the selected banana type, 30% of substitution ratio was significantly more preferable by the panelists in crispness, oiliness, and overall acceptance attributes compared to control and other substitution ratios.

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