scholarly journals The Use of Wood Chips for Revitalization of Degraded Forest Soil on Young Scots Pine Plantation

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 683
Author(s):  
Andrzej Klimek ◽  
Stanisław Rolbiecki ◽  
Roman Rolbiecki ◽  
Grzegorz Gackowski ◽  
Piotr Stachowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Degraded Forest ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of several methods of mulching degraded forest soil with wood chips on the development of mite (Acari) community, with particular emphasis to oribatid mites (Oribatida), and on the growth of young plantings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Mulching with wood chips should contribute to revitalize soil fauna and restore natural forests on degraded soils. Scots pine seedlings were planted at the post-military training ground. Four experimental treatments were tested: control—uncovered soil (C), mulching with wood chips (W), W + mycorrhiza preparation (WM), and W + forest litter (WL). At the end of the growing season in 2012, 2013 and 2014, the following plant measurements were carried out: length of annual increment of the main stem, stem base diameter, number and lengths of lateral shoots in the annual whorl. The mite calculations included average mite density, dominance index, species richness, oribatid mite diversity, average number of species, and Shannon general species diversity index. The use of mulching with wood chips did not significantly affect the growth characteristics of Scots pine plants, but strongly increased the mite community. After mulching, the total number and species diversity of Acari increased many times, and Oribatida began to dominate among micro-arthropods. The number of Oribatida increased most in W. The largest species diversity was observed in WL. 24 species of Oribatida were found that were used as the bio-indicators of soil succession changes. Tectocepheus velatus clearly dominated in all mulching treatments. Oppiella nova and Scutovertex sculptus were also numerous populations of Oribatida. The study shows that mulching with Scots pine wood chips, especially with the addition of forest litter, significantly enriches soil fauna and is therefore useful in the regeneration process of degenerated forest soils.

Paracamisia osornensis gen. n., sp. n. (Acari: Oribatida)from Valdivian forest soil in Chile

Zootaxa ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZIEMOWIT OLSZANOWSKI ◽  
ROY A. NORTON
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Valdivian Forest ◽  
Mite Family

The oribatid mite family Camisiidae is commonly recognized to include four genera and about 100 nominal species, all of which appear to be asexual. Based on adult specimens from Valdivian forest litter in Osorno Province, Chile, we propose a monotypic fifth genus, Paracamisia gen. n., with type species P. osornensis sp. n. This is the first genus of the family that is not represented in the Northern Hemisphere. Like all other known Camisiidae it seems to be asexual. Paracamisia osornensis sp. n. is distinguishable from other camisiids by its shiny, convex notogaster that lacks a suprapleural scissure, and by its large respiratory bothridial saccule. A preliminary analysis suggests that its closest relatives are to be found in the genus Platynothrus.

Short-term impact of forest soil compaction and organic matter removal on soil mesofauna density and oribatid mite diversity

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1136-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P Battigelli ◽  
John R Spence ◽  
David W Langor ◽  
Shannon M Berch
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soil Mesofauna ◽  
Organic Matter Removal ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the short-term impact of forest soil compaction and organic matter removal on soil mesofauna, in general, and oribatid mite species, in particular. Both soil compaction and organic matter removal reduced the density of soil mesofauna. Stem-only harvesting reduced total mesofauna densities by 20% relative to uncut forest values. A combination of whole-tree harvest and forest floor removal with heavy soil compaction significantly reduced total soil mesofauna densities by 93% relative to the uncut forest control. Removal of the forest floor represents a substantial loss of habitat for most soil mesofauna. The forest floor apparently buffered the mineral soil by limiting both the impact of soil compaction and fluctuations in soil temperature and moisture. The relative abundance of Prostigmata and Mesostigmata increased with treatment severity, whereas that of Oribatida decreased. Species richness of the oribatid mite fauna was reduced as the severity of treatments increased. The number of rare oribatid species (those representing <1% of the total oribatid mite sample) decreased by 40% or more relative to the uncut forest control. Evenness also decreased as treatment severity increased. Oppiella nova and Suctobelbella sp. near acutidens were the dominant oribatid species in both the forest floor and mineral soil, regardless of treatment. Soil compaction and organic matter removal significantly impacted the density and diversity of soil mesofauna and oribatid mite fauna in the short term at these study sites.

scholarly journals Natural forest regeneration on the cuttings of Karelia due to fertility and moisture forest soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. Смирнов ◽  
П.А. Богачев ◽  
А.П. Смирнов
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Total Density ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Natural Forest Regeneration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Average Fertility ◽  
Forest Conditions ◽  
Original Type

Цель исследования – выявить влияние эффективного плодородия и увлажнения лесных почв на успешность последующего естественного лесовозобновления на вырубках Карелии. Эффективное плодородие лесных почв, по профессору О.Г. Чертову, – это отношение мощности гумусового горизонта к мощности лесной подстилки (гумусо-подстилочный коэффициент, ГПК). На вырубках давностью 5–15 лет величина ГПК закономерно возрастает по исходным типам леса от бедных (ГПК = 0,2) к сравнительно богатым местообитаниям (ГПК = 1,3–1,5). При этом изменяются густота и состав подроста. Наибольшая общая густота подроста (18 тыс. экз./га) характерна для почв среднего плодородия, с некоторым переувлажнением – в исходном типе леса ельник черничник влажный (ГПК = 0,3). Подрост ели последующего возобновления присутствует на вырубках в незначительном количестве или полностью отсутствует. Исключение составляет тип леса ельник черничник влажный, где густота подроста ели – 2,5–3 тыс. экз./га – достаточна для естественного восстановления ели на вырубках. В этом типе леса наблюдается также наибольшая густота подроста березы – в среднем 12,6 тыс. экз./га. Подрост сосны последующего возобновления имеет наибольшую густоту (2 тыс. экз./га) в самых бедных и сухих лесорастительных условиях – в исходном типе леса сосняк беломошник (ГПК = 0,2), где у сосны мало конкурентов. Подрост осины имеет слабую связь с почвенным увлажнением; его наибольшее количество (6,5–9 тыс. экз./га) имеется в относительно богатых почвенных условиях в исходном типе леса кисличник (ГПК = 1,3–1,5). По исходным типам леса и составу древостоя, определяющим эффективное плодородие почв, можно уверенно прогнозировать успешность последующего естественного лесовосстановления на вырубках. Однако в подавляющем большинстве типов леса Карелии количество хвойного подроста последующего возобновления является недостаточным для формирования хвойных древостоев без дополнительных лесохозяйственных мероприятий. The aim of the study is to identify the impact of effective fertility and forest soil moisture on the success of subsequent natural reforestation on the logging of Karelia. Effective fertility of forest soils by Professor O.G. Chertov is the ratio of the thickness of the humus horizon to the thickness of forest litter (humus-litter ratio, HLR). On the cuttings of the long ago 5–15 years old, the value of the HLR naturally increases by the original types of forest from poor (HLR = 0.2) to relatively rich habitats (HLR = 1.3–1.5). At the same time, the density and composition of the undergrowth change. The greatest total density of growth (18 thousand ex./ha) is typical for the soils of average fertility, with some overhydration – in the original type of forest Spruce blueberry wet (HLR = 0.3). Natural reforestation of Spruce of subsequent resumption growth is present on the cuttings in small amounts or completely absent. The exception is the type of forest Spruce blueberry wet, where the density of spruce undergrowth – of the ate – 2.5–3 thousand. ex./ha – enough for the natural restoration of spruce on felling. In this type of forest also there is the greatest density of birch growth – an average of 12.6 thousand. ex./ha. The natural reforestation of the pine of subsequent renewal has the greatest density (2 thousand ex./ha) in the poorest and driest forest conditions – in the original type of forest pine white-pine (HLR = 0.2), where the pine has few competitors. The natural reforestation of aspen has a weak association with soil hydration; its largest number (6.5–9 thousand ex./ha) is available in relatively rich soil conditions in the original type of forest wood sorrel (HLR = 1,3–1.5). By the original types of forest and the composition of the tree, which determines the effective fertility of the soils, it is possible to confidently predict the success of subsequent natural reforestation on the felling. However, in the vast majority of Karelia forest types, the amount of coniferous growth is not sufficient to form coniferous woodlands without additional forestry activities.

Evaluating the Impact of Automated Technology in Basic Military Training Using Computer-Based Surveys

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter G. Albert ◽  
Winston Bennett ◽  
Kenneth Pemberton ◽  
Charles Holt ◽  
Pat Waldroop
Keyword(s):  
Military Training ◽  
Automated Technology ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The Impact

Effect of leaf litter quantity and type on forest soil fauna and biological quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhizhong ◽  
Cui Yang ◽  
Yan Shaokui
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Biological Quality ◽  
Litter Quantity

A Predictive Model of the Impact of the Skidding System on Forest Soil in Severe Climatic Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
S.E. Rudov ◽  
◽  
V.Ya. Shapiro ◽  
O.I. Grigoreva ◽  
I.V. Grigorev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Freezing ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
Rapid Adjustment ◽  
Soil Freezing And Thawing ◽  
The Impact

In the Russian Federation logging operations are traditionally carried out in winter. This is due to the predominance of areas with swamped and water-logged (class III and IV) soils in the forest fund, where work of forestry equipment is difficult, and sometimes impossible in the warm season. The work of logging companies in the forests of the cryolithozone, characterized by a sharply continental climate, with severe frosts in winter, is hampered by the fact that forest machines are not recommended to operate at temperatures below –40 °C due to the high probability of breaking of metal structures and hydraulic system. At the same time, in the warm season, most of the cutting areas on cryosolic soils become difficult to pass for heavy forest machines. It turns out that the convenient period for logging in the forests of the cryolithozone is quite small. This results in the need of work in the so-called off-season period, when the air temperature becomes positive, and the thawing processes of the soil top layer begin. The same applies to the logging companies not operating in the conditions of cryosolic soils, for instance, in the Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov, Vologda regions, etc. The observed climate warming has led to a significant reduction in the sustained period of winter logging. Frequent temperature transitions around 0 °C in winter, autumn and spring necessitate to work during the off-season too, while cutting areas thaw. In bad seasonal and climatic conditions, which primarily include off-season periods in general and permafrost in particular, it is very difficult to take into account in mathematical models features of soil freezing and thawing and their effect on the destruction nature. The article shows that the development of long-term predictive models of indicators of cyclic interaction between the skidding system and forest soil in adverse climatic conditions of off-season logging operations in order to improve their reliability requires rapid adjustment of the calculated parameters based on the actual experimental data at a given step of the cycles.

scholarly journals Vegetation Dynamic Assessment by NDVI and Field Observations for Sustainability of China’s Wulagai River Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2528
Author(s):  
Panpan Chen ◽  
Huamin Liu ◽  
Zongming Wang ◽  
Dehua Mao ◽  
Cunzhu Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Vegetation Changes ◽  
Vegetation Dynamic ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
The Impact

Accurate monitoring of grassland vegetation dynamics is essential for ecosystem restoration and the implementation of integrated management policies. A lack of information on vegetation changes in the Wulagai River Basin restricts regional development. Therefore, in this study, we integrated remote sensing, meteorological, and field plant community survey data in order to characterize vegetation and ecosystem changes from 1997 to 2018. The residual trend (RESTREND) method was utilized to detect vegetation changes caused by human factors, as well as to evaluate the impact of the management of pastures. Our results reveal that the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of each examined ecosystem type showed an increasing trend, in which anthropogenic impact was the primary driving force of vegetation change. Our field survey confirmed that the meadow steppe ecosystem increased in species diversity and aboveground biomass; however, the typical steppe and riparian wet meadow ecosystems experienced species diversity and biomass degradation, therefore suggesting that an increase in NDVI may not directly reflect ecosystem improvement. Selecting an optimal indicator or indicator system is necessary in order to formulate reasonable grassland management policies for increasing the sustainability of grassland ecosystems.

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