scholarly journals Organic Carbon Storage and 14C Apparent Age of Upland and Riparian Soils in a Montane Subtropical Moist Forest of Southwestern China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 645
Author(s):  
Xianbin Liu ◽  
Xiaoming Zou ◽  
Min Cao ◽  
Tushou Luo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Upland Soil ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Moist Forest ◽  
Riparian Soils ◽  
Apparent Age

Upland and riparian soils usually differ in soil texture and moisture conditions, thus, likely varying in carbon storage and turnover time. However, few studies have differentiated their functions on the storage of soil organic carbon (SOC) in sub-tropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. In this study, we aim to uncover the SOC storage and 14C apparent age, in the upland and riparian soils of a primary evergreen broad-leaved montane subtropical moist forest in the Ailao Mountains of southwestern China. We sampled the upland and riparian soils along four soil profiles down to the parent material at regular intervals from two local representative watersheds, and determined SOC concentrations, δ13C values and 14C apparent ages. We found that SOC concentration decreased exponentially and 14C apparent age increased linearly with soil depth in the four soil profiles. Although, soil depth was deeper in the upland soil profiles than the riparian soil profiles, the weighted mean SOC concentration was significantly greater in the riparian soil (25.7 ± 3.9 g/kg) than the upland soil (19.7 ± 2.3 g/kg), but has an equal total SOC content per unit of ground area around 21 kg/m2 in the two different type soils. SOC δ13C values varied between −23.7 (±0.8)‰ and −33.2 (±0.2)‰ in the two upland soil profiles and between −25.5 (±0.4)‰ and −36.8 (±0.4)‰ along the two riparian soil profiles, with greater variation in the riparian soil profiles than the upland soil profiles. The slope of increase in SOC 14C apparent age along soil depth in the riparian soil profiles was greater than in the upland soil profiles. The oldest apparent age of SOC 14C was 23,260 (±230) years BP (before present, i.e., 1950) in the riparian soil profiles and 19,045 (±150) years BP in the upland soil profiles. Our data suggest that the decomposition of SOC is slower in the riparian soil than in the upland soil, and the increased SOC loss in the upland soil from deforestation may partially be compensated by the deposition of the eroded upland SOC in the riparian area, as an under-appreciated carbon sink.

scholarly journals Determining the Distribution and Interaction of Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, pH and Texture in Soil Profiles: A Case Study in the Lancangjiang River Basin, Southwest China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxiang Zhou ◽  
Guilin Han ◽  
Man Liu ◽  
Jie Zeng ◽  
Bin Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Soil Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Silty Loam

The profile distributions of soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic nitrogen (SON), soil pH and soil texture were rarely investigated in the Lancangjiang River Basin. This study aims to present the vertical distributions of these soil properties and provide some insights about how they interact with each other in the two typical soil profiles. A total of 56 soil samples were collected from two soil profiles (LCJ S-1, LCJ S-2) in the Lancangjiang River Basin to analyze the profile distributions of SOC and SON and to determine the effects of soil pH and soil texture. Generally, the contents of SOC and SON decreased with increasing soil depth and SOC contents were higher than SON contents (average SOC vs. SON content: 3.87 g kg−1 vs. 1.92 g kg−1 in LCJ S-1 and 5.19 g kg−1 vs. 0.96 g kg−1 in LCJ S-2). Soil pH ranged from 4.50 to 5.74 in the two soil profiles and generally increased with increasing soil depth. According to the percentages of clay, silt, and sand, most soil samples can be categorized as silty loam. Soil pH values were negatively correlated with C/N ratios (r = −0.66, p < 0.01) and SOC contents (r = −0.52, p < 0.01). Clay contents were positively correlated with C/N ratios (r = 0.43, p < 0.05) and SOC contents (r = 0.42, p < 0.01). The results indicate that soil pH and clay are essential factors influencing the SOC spatial distributions in the two soil profiles.

scholarly journals Age distribution, extractability, and stability of mineral-bound organic carbon in central European soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Schrumpf ◽  
Klaus Kaiser ◽  
Allegra Mayer ◽  
Günter Hempel ◽  
Susan Trumbore
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
H2o2 Resistance ◽  
Depth Gradients

Abstract. The largest share of total soil organic carbon (OC) is associated with minerals. The portions and turnover of stable and faster cycling mineral-associated carbon (MOC) as well as the determining factors across different soils and soil depths are still unknown. Bioavailability of MOC is supposedly regulated by desorption but instead, its stability was so far mostly tested by exposure to chemical oxidation. Therefore, we determined the extractability of MOC into a mixture of 0.1 M NaOH and 0.4 M NaF as a measure for maximal potential desorbability, and compared it with maximal potential oxidation in heated H2O2. We selected samples of three soil depth increments (0–5 cm, 10–20 cm, 30–40 cm) of five typical soils of the mid-latitudes, differing contents of clay and pedogenic oxides, and being under different land use. Extracts and residues were analyzed for OC and 14C contents, and further chemically characterized by CPMAS-13C-NMR. We hypothesized NaF-NaOH extraction to remove less and younger MOC than H2O2 oxidation, and extractable MOC to be less and relatively older in subsoils and soils with high contents of pedogenic oxides. A surprisingly constant portion of 58 ± 11 % (standard deviation) of MOC was extractable across soils, independent of depths, mineral assemblage, or land use. NMR spectra revealed strong similarities of the extracted organic matter, with more than 80 % of OC in the O/N alkyl and alkyl C region. Total MOC amounts were linked to the content of pedogenic oxides across sites, independent of variations in total clay. The uniform MOC desorption could therefore be the result of pedogenic oxides dominating the overall response of MOC to extraction. While bulk MO14C values suggested differences in OC turnover between sites, these were not linked to differences in MOC extractability. As expected, OC contents of residues had smaller 14C contents than extracts, suggesting that non-extractable OC is older. However, 14C contents of extracts and residues were strongly correlated and proportional to bulk MO14C, but not dependent on mineralogy. Also along soil profiles, where increasing MOC ages indicate slower turnover with depth, neither MOC extractability nor differences in 14C between extracts and residues changed. Increasing bonding strength with soil depths did therefore not cause the 14C depth gradients in the studied soils. Although H2O2 removed 90 ± 8 % of the MOC, the 14C content of the OC removed was similar to that of the NaF-NaOH-extracted OC, while oxidation residues were much more 14C-depleted. Different chemical treatments apparently remove OC of the same continuum, leaving increasingly older residues behind the more OC being removed. Different from the extractions, higher contents of pedogenic oxides seemingly slightly increased the oxidation-resistance of MOC, but this higher H2O2-resistance did not coincide with older MOC or oxidation residues. Our results indicate that total MOC was dominated by OC interactions with pedogenic oxides rather than clay minerals, so that no difference in MOC extraction in NaF/NaOH, and thus, bond type or strength between clay-rich and poor sites was detectable. This suggests that site-specific differences in MO14C and their depth declines are driven by the accumulation and exchange rates of OC at mineral surfaces. Accordingly, future research on M14OC should focus on soil and ecosystem properties driving dissolved organic matter formation, composition and transport along soil profiles.

scholarly journals Impacts of oil palm cultivation on soil organic carbon stocks in Mexico: evidence from plantations in Tabasco State

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Alfredo Isaac Brindis-Santos ◽  
David Jesús Palma-López ◽  
Ena Edith Mata-Zayas ◽  
David Julián Palma-Cancino
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks ◽  
Comparison Results

There is a need for more studies on the effects of oil palm plantations on soil organic carbon storage and on the environmental services provided by these agrosystems in Mexico. This study focused on estimating the soil organic carbon stocks in three areas within oil palm plantations (palm circle, under the frond and between palm rows), at three soil depths (20, 40 and 60 cm) and comparing the carbon storage between different land-uses: a 20-year-old pasture (GS20), a 20-year-old oil palm plantation (OP20), and a secondary forest (SF20). Our results suggest that oil palm plantations store soil organic carbon mainly under frond areas when sown in lixisols and luvisols, with lower carbon sequestration in the palm circle. Regarding the soil depth, the estimated carbon storage was 87 Mg C ha−1 and 67 Mg C ha−1 at depths of 20 and 60 cm, respectively. Regarding land-use comparison, results indicate an increase (not statistically significant) in carbon storage to 27% at 20 cm depth and 18% at 60 cm between pasture and palm plantation. The second-growth forest presented higher carbon storage compared to both other land uses.

scholarly journals Carbon Storage along with Soil Profile: An Example of Soil Chronosequence from the Fluvial Terraces on the Pakua Tableland, Taiwan

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Chin-Chiang Hsu ◽  
Heng Tsai ◽  
Wen-Shu Huang ◽  
Shiuh-Tsuen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Negative Exponential Function ◽  
Soil Chronosequence ◽  
Fluvial Terraces ◽  
Over Time

A well-dated soil chronosequence may allow exploration of the accumulation of soil carbon over time. There are multiple levels of river terraces on the Pakua tableland in Central Taiwan. Unlike many of the reddish or lateritic soils in Taiwan, these soils were recently dated, with absolute ages in the range of 19–400 kyr. This information allowed us to develop an ideal soil chronosequence, with time constraints, through which it is possible to explore soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and its changes over time. In this study, we attempted to establish an SOC time series, and to give an estimate of long-term accumulation of the SOC storage in the red soils of Taiwan. The data on these soils used in this study were taken from the soil profiles presented in our previous studies. Two additional soil profiles were sampled for those soils for which data were not available from the previous studies. The total carbon stock (TCS) for each soil profile was measured and assessed based on the depth categories of 0–30, 30–50, and 50–100 cm. Weighted carbon stock (WCS) measurements were further derived by the total thickness of the soil profile, for better comparison. The overall carbon stocks of the soils in the Pakua tableland were in the range of 2.8–3.2 Tg for TCS and WCS, respectively. In addition, the SOC tended to be highest in the surface soil horizons and decreased with the soil depth. The continuous pattern of the carbon content, in terms of its vertical distribution, was considered in terms of a negative exponential function, which showed that the SOC was highest in the shallowest soil layers and decreased rapidly with the soil depth. This trend was mitigated at a depth of 50–100 cm, which approached a fixed value, denoted as the carbon sequestration value (CSV), below a certain depth. We show here that the values of the CSV, as approximated by exponential fitting, are closely related to soil age. The CSV linearly decreases with age. These findings point to the potential of using carbon storage for chronometric applications.

scholarly journals Organic Carbon Storage in Four Ecosystem Types in the Karst Region of Southwestern China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e56443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuguo Liu ◽  
Changcheng Liu ◽  
Shijie Wang ◽  
Ke Guo ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Karst Region ◽  
Organic Carbon Storage

scholarly journals Distribution of organic carbon in Ultisol soils with citronella and pine vegetation, at Gayo Highlands, Aceh

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
A Karim ◽  
Hifnalisa ◽  
Y Jufri ◽  
Y D Fazlina ◽  
Megawati
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Pine Trees

Abstract Soil organic matter is an indicator of soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to analyse various forms of soil organic carbon in citronella plantation, citronella plantation under pine tree, and soil under pine tree. Soil organic carbon in various forms was analysed from soil samples taken from each horizon and soil profile. The soil profiles observed were ultisol profiles planted with citronella, citronella under pine tree, and under pine tree, and slopes; 0-8%, 8-15%, 15 -25%, and 25-40%, in order to obtain 12 soil profiles with a total of 39 soil samples. Ultisols planted with citronella had higher soil organic carbon than ultisols planted with citronella under pine tree and ultisols under pine trees. Based on the slope, the highest soil organic carbon was obtained in the soil with a slope of 0-8%, and decreased with increasing slope. Based on soil depth, the highest soil organic carbon was obtained in the upper horizon, compared to the horizon below. The highest total soil organic carbon was obtained at the soil surface horizon with a slope of 0-8% and citronella was planted. This pattern of total soil organic carbon is similar to that of sesquioxide bound organic carbon, but is not consistent with that of free clay bound organic carbon.

scholarly journals Understanding large‐extent controls of soil organic carbon storage in relation to soil depth and soil‐landscape systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1210-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera L. Mulder ◽  
Marine Lacoste ◽  
Manuel P. Martin ◽  
Anne Richer‐de‐Forges ◽  
Dominique Arrouays
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Storage ◽  
Soil Landscape ◽  
Organic Carbon Storage

scholarly journals Lateral and depth patterns of soil organic carbon fractions in a mountain Mediterranean agrosystem

2014 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. QUIJANO ◽  
L. GASPAR ◽  
A. NAVAS
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Unit Surface Area ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Carbon Fractions ◽  
Soil Redistribution ◽  
Mediterranean Landscapes

SUMMARYThe spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) can be affected by environmental factors such as land use change, type of vegetation, soil redistribution processes and soil management practices. Because data are scarce in mountain agroecosystems, improving knowledge on the relationships between land use, soil redistribution processes and SOC fractions is of interest, especially in rapidly changing Mediterranean landscapes. Typically, SOC is divided into two distinct carbon fractions: the active and decomposable fraction (ACF) with rapid turnover rates, which acts as a short-term carbon reservoir, and the stable carbon fraction (SCF) with lower turnover rates that acts as a long-term reservoir. In the present study SOC, ACF and SCF contents were measured by the dry combustion method and converted to inventories expressed as mass per unit surface area (kg/m2). The SOC distribution patterns were related to land use and soil redistribution processes in soil profiles along a representative mountain agroecosystem toposequence in northeast Spain. The soil depth profiles were identified as stable, eroded and depositional sites using fallout 137caesium (Cs). Significantly higher amounts of SOC were found in forest soils (36 ± 20·2 g/kg) compared to abandoned (21 ± 14·3 g/kg) and cultivated arable land (11 ± 6·3 g/kg), suggesting that cultivation decreases SOC content. In addition, stable soil profiles had significantly higher SOC content (42 ± 24·3 g/kg) than at depositional and eroded profiles (18 ± 14·5 and 17 ± 13·1 g/kg, respectively). A positive and statistically significant relationship between SOC and 137Cs inventories suggested that both are moved and associated with similar soil redistribution processes.

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