scholarly journals Influence of Timber Harvesting Operations and Streamside Management Zone Effectiveness on Sediment Delivery to Headwater Streams in Appalachia

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Daniel Bowker ◽  
Jeffrey Stringer ◽  
Christopher Barton
Keyword(s):  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
Management Zone ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Tree Retention ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Sloping Terrain ◽  
Trail Development

Disturbances created by timber harvesting equipment and associated haul roads and skid trails can create overland sediment flows (sediment paths), especially in steeply sloping terrain, leading to stream sedimentation. This study investigated the effect of variables associated with GPS tracked harvest equipment movement, skid trail development and retirement, topography, and streamside management zone (SMZ) width and tree retention on sediment delivery to streams. While the intensity of harvest equipment traffic was not correlated with sediment path development, the presence and location of skid trails were. All of the sediment paths were found to originate at water control structures, influenced by microtopographic features, on the skid trails directly adjacent to SMZs. Mesic slopes were associated with increased sediment path development across all SMZ configurations. Two factors, the accumulation of coarse logging debris in the SMZ and the increased distance of skid trails to streams, were both correlated with decreased sediment path development. The study provides insight into how these variables interact and can be used to develop site-specific guidelines for SMZs in steeply sloping terrain that could improve their efficiency and effectiveness.

Kissimmee River restoration: a case study

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Whalen ◽  
L.A. Toth ◽  
J.W. Koebel ◽  
P.K. Strayer
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
River Channel ◽  
Floodplain Wetlands ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
Meandering River ◽  
Hydrologic Processes ◽  
Kissimmee River

Channelization of the Kissimmee River transformed a 167 km meandering river into a 9 metre deep, 75 metre wide, 90 km drainage canal (C-38) that is compartmentalized with levees and water control structures into a series of five stagnant pools. Channelization dramatically changed water level and flow characteristics, drained 21,000 hectares of floodplain wetlands and severely impacted fish and wildlife populations. A $500 million dollar restoration project will restore the ecological integrity of the river-floodplain system by reconstructing the natural river channel and reestablishing hydrologic processes. Sixty expectations have been established to quantify the ecosystem's recovery. The first phase of reconstruction was completed in February 2001 and included movement of 9.2 million cubic metres of earth to backfill 12 km of C-38, the explosive demolition of one water control structure, construction of two sections (2.4 km) of new river channel, and reestablishment of 24 contiguous km of river. Numerous social, political, and technical challenges have been encountered during the project's evolution. Recommendations are provided for future restoration projects.

Orchid abundance in hemiboreal forests: stand-scale effects of clear-cutting, green-tree retention, and artificial drainage

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1352-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asko Lõhmus ◽  
Tiiu Kull
Keyword(s):  
Scale Effects ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Artificial Drainage ◽  
Tree Retention ◽  
Green Tree Retention ◽  
Retention Trees ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Site Types

The current knowledge on the impact of forest management on plant species of conservation concern is poor. We asked how three basic silvicultural techniques (clear-cutting, green-tree retention, and artificial drainage) affect the abundance of terrestrial orchid species and their communities in Estonia, hemiboreal Europe. Fixed-area, fixed-effort surveys (4 h per 2 ha plot) were used in 29 plot clusters representing five site types, with each cluster including plots of four treatments (old growth, mature managed forest, and cutover with and without live retention trees). Altogether 11 species of orchids were recorded in those 116 plots, with the most complete sets of species in artificially drained plots and mature stands. Five species were widely distributed among treatments and site types, but most site types also hosted shade-tolerant orchids (six species) that characteristically disappeared after timber harvesting. Cutover areas (3–7 years after harvest) hosted no species absent from uncut forest stands, and retention of solitary trees had no effect on orchid abundance over clear-cuts. Modern Estonian forest landscapes appear to support viable populations of many orchids, with rotation ages sufficient for population development of the majority of shade-tolerant species.

Swimming abilities of juvenile estuarine fishes: implications for passage at water control structures

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Kimball ◽  
Kevin M. Boswell ◽  
Lawrence P. Rozas ◽  
Elizabeth K. Berwaldt ◽  
April R. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Water Control ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
Estuarine Fishes ◽  
Water Control Structures

Explaining Choices of Delegation and Control Regimes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gijs Jan Brandsma ◽  
Jens Blom-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Member States ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
More Care ◽  
Council Of Ministers ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Eu

This chapter turns from preferences on delegation regimes to decisions and examines how differing preferences are turned into decisions. It focuses on two factors in addition to preferences. First, legislation in the EU is decided under different procedures which provide the actors with different powers to act on their preferences. Second, legislation comes with transaction costs. Controlling delegated powers takes time and requires staff with technical insight. These costs are bearable to the member states in the Council of Ministers because they can rely on their national ministerial systems to exercise control. However, for the European Parliament, exercising control in practice is demanding. The Parliament is therefore likely to choose its battles with more care than the Council. The aim of this chapter is to understand the overall post-Lisbon pattern of delegation and control structures resulting from the numerous negotiations in daily legislative practice.

The Cheecham Landslide Event

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Peter Barlow ◽  
John A. Richmond
Keyword(s):  
Surface Expression ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Land Disturbance ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Landslide Event ◽  
Massive Scale ◽  
Million Cubic Meter

Land disturbance associated with the progressive expansion of a major pipeline and power corridor, along with extensive timber harvesting, triggered the reactivation of an ancient, 100 million cubic meter deep-seated landslide in northern Alberta. The landslide threatened six major transmission pipelines, and caused a loss of containment in one of the pipelines. The level of landslide activity and associated pipeline damage was surprising given the relatively subtle disturbances in relation to the massive scale of the slide. Given the very shallow 4.5 degree slope inclination and the lack of any surface expression of distress over most of the slope area, this case history underscores the importance of considering regionally specific geological conditions within pipeline geohazard evaluations. An intensive, multi-pronged program was adopted to stabilize and manage the landslide, including a series of targeted surface and ground water control measures that produced an approximate 100-fold reduction in movement rates. This demonstrates that the sensitivity of slides in the region to subtle changes is a negative factor for triggering landslides, but can also be a positive factor for stabilizing them.

Estuarine fish behavior around slotted water control structures in a managed salt marsh

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Kimball ◽  
Kevin M. Boswell ◽  
Lawrence P. Rozas
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Fish Behavior ◽  
Estuarine Fish ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
Water Control Structures
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