scholarly journals Meta-Modelling to Quantify Yields of White Spruce and Hybrid Spruce Provenances in the Canadian Boreal Forest

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Suborna Ahmed ◽  
Valerie LeMay ◽  
Alvin Yanchuk ◽  
Andrew Robinson ◽  
Peter Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Meta Data ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Hybrid Spruce

Tree improvement programs can improve forest management by increasing timber yields in some areas, thereby facilitating conservation of other forest lands. In this study, we used a meta-analytic approach to quantify yields of alternative white (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and hybrid spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelmann x Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) stocks across planting sites in the boreal and hemiboreal forests of Canada. We extracted meta-data from published tree improvement program results for five Canadian provinces covering 38 planting sites and 330 white and hybrid spruce provenances. Using these meta-data and a random-coefficients nonlinear mixed-effects modelling approach, we modelled average height over time trajectories for varying planting site characteristics, as well as climate transfer distances between planting sites and provenances. Climatic transfer distances had strong effects on the height trajectory parameters. In particular, the asymptote parameter had a nonlinear increasing trend with planting site versus provenance mean annual temperature differences. We incorporated the height trajectory meta-analysis model into an existing growth and yield model to predict volume yields. Overall, this research provides a mechanism to quantify yields of alternative provenances at a particular planting site, as a component of decision support models for evaluating evaluate forest management investment into improved planting stocks alternatives under current and possible future climates.

Current trends in management practices for European larch in North America

2002 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 822-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W Gilmore ◽  
Andrew J David
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Improvement Programs

European larch (Larix decidua Miller) was introduced to North America in the mid-19th century. Its rapid growth led to its use as a reforestation species in northeastern North America during the early part of the 20th century. Proper site selection and vegetation management are crucial to the successful establishment and productivity of this species. On comparable sites, yields of European larch commonly exceed those of native species. Management practices and applied research for this species in North America include the refinement of 1) site selection criteria, 2) growth and yield tables, and 3) optimal density management and stocking levels, 4) product utilization and marketing, and 5) the advancement of tree improvement programs. Key words: growth and yield, productivity, silviculture, tree improvement

Status of growth and yield research: 1991 joint technical session of forest measurements, tree improvement and silviculture, and forest management working groups

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-348
Author(s):  
Valerie M. LeMay ◽  
Peter L. Marshall ◽  
Richard Greenwood ◽  
Margaret Penner ◽  
Doug Walker
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Technical Session ◽  
Working Groups

Forestry Research Priorities in Canada, 1992: An Overview for the Canadian Council of Forest Ministers

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 752-756
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Forest Research ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Intensive Forest Management

This fourth annual overview of Canadian forest research priorities has been compiled by the Forestry Research Advisory Council of Canada (FRACC) for the Canadian Council of Forest Ministers. It is based on the top five priorities for forest research as identified by the provincial forest research advisory bodies.The topics from each group were scored on a scale of 5 points for top priority down to 1 point for lowest priority. The resulting 10 forest research topics are presented here in descending order of priority:• Integrated resource management and decision support.• Pest and weed management and alternatives to chemicals.• Environmental effects of forest management.• Ecological knowledge for intensive forest management.• Forest growth and yield data.• Increased productivity, tree improvement, and regeneration.• Forest inventory and site classification.• Silviculture and harvesting methods, and cost reduction.• Forest fire management and control.• Mixedwood management.Research on wood processing and development of new products was also recognized as important, but it is not the primary focus of FRACC and hence was not rated. Modern information handling systems, artificial intelligence, and biotechnology were also judged important, but these are research tools rather than forest research topics and were not rated.The evolution of priorities over the four years of reporting was examined. A strict comparison was not possible because the methods of the first two reports differed from those of the last two. However, it was possible to assign a general priority rating (high, medium, etc.) for the earlier years for the priority topics identified in this current report.No dramatic shifts were detected. "Integrated resource management and decision support" remains high priority. It is significant that three subjects, all bearing on the environment, have moved up in priority and are now rated 2, 3, and 4. These topics are "Pest and weed management and alternatives to chemicals"; "Environmental effects of forest management"; and "Ecological knowledge for intensive forest management.'' "Silviculture and harvesting methods, and cost reduction" has also moved up whereas two topics, "Forest growth and yield data" and "Higher productivity, tree improvement, and regeneration" have moved down. Other items have not changed appreciably. Research priorities do not seem to be changing faster than research agencies can adapt to them.Twelve issues that are likely to affect future research priorities were identified as follows:• Concern and input about sustainable forestry and the environment.• Managing non-timber values and a shrinking timber land base.• Global trade, competition, and world public opinion.• Under-funding and phase-out of federal-provincial agreements.• Accuracy of forest models for sustainable forestry.• Lack of data on the socio-economic values of forests.• Land claims and forestry on aboriginal lands.• Intensive management of the boreal mixedwood forest.• Economics of secondary forest products industry.• Increasing need for accurate information at all levels.• New provincial policies on forestry and forest protection.• Farm forestry for wood and shelterbelts.Research funding varies greatly across the country. Funds provided through the federal-provincial agreements are vital everywhere. Under-funded subjects are listed below; they are ranked by the ratio on the right, which represents the number of jurisdictions that classified the topic as under-funded over the number that identified it as a priority.Pest and weed management and alternatives to chemicals 4/7Environmental effects of forest management 3/6Ecological knowledge for intensive forest management 2/4Forest growth and yield data 2/4Forest fire management and control 2/4Integrated resource management and decision support 4/10Forest inventory and site classification 1/3Silviculture and harvesting methods, and cost reduction 1/3Increased productivity, tree improvement, and regeneration 1/5Mixedwood management 0/1Forestry research in Canada is considered well focused on requirements, but improvement is needed in the local application of research results.

Optimizing stand management involving the effect of genetic gain: preliminary results for Scots pine in Finland

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anssi Ahtikoski ◽  
Hannu Salminen ◽  
Risto Ojansuu ◽  
Jari Hynynen ◽  
Katri Kärkkäinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Optimization Analysis ◽  
Stand Management ◽  
Seed Material ◽  
Genetically Improved ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Standard Tree

A solid starting point for assessing tree-improvement programs would be to determine the effect of genetic gain in economic terms at stand level. This paper presents a stand-level optimization analysis of the use of improved seed material in reforestation from the perspective of forest owners. We used a genetic algorithm to study the effects of optimized stand management on the bare land value (BLV) for both genetically improved and unimproved reforestation material, with increase in BLV (ΔBLV > 0) representing the deployment benefit over the standard tree-improvement program. The stand-level optimization analysis was applied to a case representative of economic and climatic circumstances in Finland. The results show that the absolute increase in the BLV is distinctly higher in southern Finland than in central Finland, let alone northern Finland, regardless of the interest rate (3% or 4%) or genetic gain (3% or 15%). Sensitivity analyses revealed that market-related risks need to be taken into account carefully. Our tentative results provide new insight on the financial incentives for using genetically improved seed material in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand establishment under varying climatic conditions, but the subject merits further investigation — with greater detail and a more systematic data structure.

A Budget Tree Improvement Program

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Nienstaedt ◽  
Hyun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Improvement Program

Breeding for improved growth and juvenile corewood stiffness in slash pine

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1886-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Li ◽  
Dudley A. Huber ◽  
Gregory L. Powell ◽  
Timothy L. White ◽  
Gary F. Peter
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Improvement Programs

The importance of integrating measures of juvenile corewood mechanical properties, modulus of elasticity in particular, with growth and disease resistance in tree improvement programs has increased. We investigated the utility of in-tree velocity stiffness measurements to estimate the genetic control of corewood stiffness and to select for trees with superior growth and stiffness in a progeny trial of 139 families of slash pine, Pinus elliottii Engelm. grown on six sites. Narrow-sense heritability estimates across all six sites for in-tree acoustic velocity stiffness at 8 years (0.42) were higher than observed for height (0.36) and diameter at breast height (DBH) (0.28) at 5 years. The overall type B genetic correlation across sites for velocity stiffness was 0.68, comparable to those found for DBH and volume growth, indicating that family rankings were moderately repeatable across all sites for these traits. No significant genetic correlations were observed between velocity stiffness, DBH, and volume growth. In contrast, a significant, but small, favorable genetic correlation was found between height and velocity stiffness. Twenty percent of the families had positive breeding values for both velocity stiffness and growth. The low cost, high heritability and nearly independent segregation of the genes involved with in-tree velocity stiffness and growth traits indicate that acoustic methods can be integrated into tree improvement programs to breed for improved corewood stiffness along with growth in slash pine.

QS-9000 – Using the Automotive Requirements to Improve Existing ISO 9000 Systems

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. Young
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Iso 9000 ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quality System ◽  
General Motors ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Quality Initiatives ◽  
Cost Of Quality ◽  
Improvement Programs

Abstract In this paper, we will discuss how to incorporate several of the QS-9000 quality system requirements into an existing ISO 9000 quality system. This expansion of the existing quality system will be cost effective and ensure that the continuous improvement program will meet its goals. The QS-9000 quality system was developed in 1994 by the "Big Three" automotive and truck producers in Detroit, Michigan. This document, originated in the United States, is based upon the International Standard: ISO 9001-94. It is mandatory that any supplier of goods and/or services to either Chrysler, Ford or General Motors must have their quality system registered to the QS-9000 standard. We believe that there can be benefits to non-automotive organizations if they will incorporate some of the QS-9000 clauses into their current ISO 9000 quality systems. We will discuss actual cases in the following areas: purchasing, safety, process control, training, business management and continuous improvement. We will show how these examples of quality system enhancement are both effective and efficient ways of driving cost reduction and process improvement programs. Cost of quality initiatives can be better managed.

Commercialization potential of somatic embryogenesis in black spruce tree improvement

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Adams ◽  
M. G. Doiron ◽  
Y. S. Park ◽  
J. M. Bonga ◽  
P. J. Charest
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Embryogenic Tissue ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
Somatic Plants ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Potential Tool

The somatic embryogenesis process was evaluated as a potential tool for operational vegetative propagation using individuals from families currently used in the J.D. Irving, Ltd. black spruce tree improvement program. Most families were responsive although the number of individuals within families capable of producing embryogenic tissue (ET) varied greatly (1–70%). Seventy-four percent of the ET clones produced mature embryos and most of these germinated. Greenhouse survival was initially low (11%) but improved in subsequent experiments to 45% as growing regimes were refined. Demonstration plantings of the resulting somatic plants were established at two sites in New Brunswick. A total of 206 clones were cryopreserved. The potential for integrating somatic embryogenesis techniques into tree improvement and stock production programs is discussed. Key words: tree improvement, somatic embryogenesis, clonal propagation, black spruce, biotechnology

scholarly journals The Success of Tree Breeding in the Southern US

BioResources ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve McKeand
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
State University ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
North Carolina State University ◽  
The North ◽  
Southern Us

Nowhere in the world have tree improvement and silviculture had a bigger impact on forest productivity and value to landowners than in the southern US. The economic impact from almost 60 years of tree improvement in the southern United States has been staggering. For example, over 300,000 hectares are planted each year with seedlings from the breeding efforts with loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) by members and staff of the North Carolina State University Cooperative Tree Improvement Program. The present value of continued genetic gains from traditional tree improvement efforts is estimated to be $2.5 billion USD to landowners and citizens in the southern US.

Effectiveness of Multifaceted Hospitalwide Quality Improvement Programs Featuring an Intervention to Remove Unnecessary Urinary Catheters at a Tertiary Care Center in Thailand

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 791-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anucha Apisarnthanarak ◽  
Kanokporn Thongphubeth ◽  
Sirinaj Sirinvaravong ◽  
Danai Kitkangvan ◽  
Chananart Yuekyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Urinary Catheterization ◽  
Urinary Catheters ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Intervention Team ◽  
Quality Improvement Programs

Objective.To evaluate the efficacy of a multifaceted hospitalwide quality improvement program that featured an intervention to remind physicians to remove unnecessary urinary catheters.Methods.A hospitalwide preintervention-postintervention study was conducted over 2 years (July 1, 2004, through June 30, 2006). The intervention consisted of nurse-generated daily reminders that were used by an intervention team to remind physicians to remove unnecessary urinary catheters, beginning 3 days after insertion. Clinical, microbiological, pharmaceutical, and cost data were collected.Results.A total of 2,412 patients were enrolled in the study. No differences were found in the demographic and/or clinical characteristics of patients between the preintervention and postintervention periods. After the intervention, reductions were found in the rate of inappropriate urinary catheterization (mean rate, preintervention vs postintervention, 20.4% vs 11% [P = .04]), the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CA-UTI) (mean rate, 21.5 vs 5.2 infections per 1,000 catheter-days [P <.001]), the duration of urinary catheterization (mean, 11 vs 3 days [P < .001]), and the total length of hospitalization (mean, 16 vs 5 days [P < .001]). A linear relationship was seen between the monthly average duration of catheterization and the rate of CA-UTI (r = 0.89; P < .001). The intervention had the greatest impact on the rate of CA-UTI in the intensive care units (mean rate, preintervention vs postintervention, 23.4 vs 3.5 infections per 1,000 catheter-days [P = .01]). The monthly hospital costs for antibiotics to treat CA-UTI were reduced by 63% (mean, $3,739 vs $1,378 [P < .001]), and the hospitalization cost for each patient during the intervention was reduced by 58% (mean, $366 vs $154 [P < .001]).Conclusions.This study suggests that a multifaceted intervention to remind physicians to remove unnecessary urinary catheters can significantly reduced the duration of urinary catheterization and the CA-UTI rate in a hospital in a developing country.

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